29. What is biomass? Explain the principle and working of a biogas plant using a labelled schematic diagram.
29. What is biomass? Explain the principle and working of a biogas plant using a labelled schematic diagram.

Biological resources are called biomass.

Cow dung, a variety of plant material such as post-harvest crop residues, vegetable waste and manure decompose when there is no oxygen can supply bio-gas.

The plant has a dome-like structure made of bricks. A slurry of cow dung and water is made in a mixing tank from where it is put into the mill.

A digester is a closed room where there is no oxygen.

Small Anaerobic substances that do not require oxygen to decompose or break down complex compounds of beef slurry.

It takes a few days for the decomposition process to end and to form gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide.

Bio-gas is stored in a gas tank above the device where they are pumped out for use.

Biogas is a good fuel as it contains up to 75% methane.

It burns without smoke, leaving no residue like ash, wood, or charcoal.

Its heat capacity is high.

Biogas are also used for lighting.

The slurry left behind is periodically removed and used as an excellent compost, rich in nitrogen and phosphorus.

The extensive use of bio-waste waste and sanitation provides a safe and effective way to dispose of waste without providing energy and compost.