Solution: The counter-current system, which is active inside the kidney, is the most important adaptation for water conservation. There are two counter-current systems in the kidney: 1. The Henle...

Solution: The act of releasing urine is known as micturition. The micturition reflex is a neurological mechanism that causes micturition. The urine is briefly stored in the urinary bladder. When the...

Column I Column II (a) Ammonotelism (i) Birds (b) Bowman’s capsule (ii) Water reabsorption (c) Micturition (iii) Bony fish (d) Uricotelism (iv) Urinary bladder (d) ADH (v) Renal tubule Solution: (a)...

Let's take a look at each assertion separately.(a) Water is impermeable to the ascending limb of Henle's loop but permeable to the descending limb.An ascending limb, a descending limb, and a hairpin...

Solution: The following are the one word answers- Amphioxus is a chordate animal with flame cells as excretory organs. Some animals have excretory structures called flame cells or...

Solution: The juxtaglomerular apparatus is a sensitive zone created by cellular changes in the distal convoluted tubule and the afferent arteriole at the point where they meet. The significance of...

Solution: Ammonia is a highly poisonous nitrogenous waste. A substantial volume of water is required to minimize the toxicity of ammonia in the body. The bodies of terrestrial animals lack...

Solution: Osmoregulation is the process of checking the amount of water and salts in the body's cells to regulate the osmotic concentration.

Solution: The following is the role of the liver, lungs, and skin in the excretion process: Liver- The liver is the primary site for the elimination of inactive steroid hormones, cholesterol,...

Solution: The following statements are explained as- (a) Micturition is a reflex reaction of passing urine. The stretch receptors in the bladder wall are stimulated by distension, and reflex action...

Solution: The auto regulating mechanism in the kidneys regulates the glomerular filtration rate. It is mediated by the juxtaglomerular apparatus, a microscopic structure located between the...

Solution: The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the quantity of filtrate produced every minute by both kidneys (nephrons). A healthy person's GFR is around 125 milliliters per minute. Water and...