Solution: The above structure is of a chloroplast which is present in plant cells. (a) This structure can be observed in the cell of a plant. (b) Since chloroplast can self-replicate, it can be...

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Solution: (a) Bundle sheath cells and mesophyll cells are characteristics of monocot plants. (b) Oxaloacectic acid (OAA) is the first stable compound produced in the C4 cycle. (c) PEP carboxylase,...

Solution: To comprehend this, we must examine the graphs below. The first graph depicts the rate of photosynthesis as determined by oxygen release. The absorption of different wavelengths of light...

Solution: It's feasible to do cyclic photophosphorylation here. The creation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate in the presence of light is known as photophosphorylation.

Solution: C4 plants do not experience photorespiration because they use a method to raise the concentration of carbon dioxide at the enzyme site. When the C4 acid from the mesophyll is broken down...

Solution: During the Calvin cycle, the enzyme catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide to sugar. Rubisco can be found everywhere, from cyanobacteria to the undersides of enormous trees. Rubisco...

Solution: RuBisCO and PEPcase are two key enzymes in the C3 and C4 pathways, respectively. In C3 plants, RuBisCO is the predominant carbon dioxide acceptor, whereas, in C4 plants, PEPcase is the...

Solution: A coating of giant cells surrounds the vascular bundles in leaves. Chloroplast, in particular, impregnates multiple layers of cells surrounding the bundle cell. Gases cannot pass through...

Solution: The RuBisCO enzyme is attracted to both carbon dioxide and oxygen. This binding, however, is a competitor. It has a stronger affinity for carbon dioxide than it does for oxygen. The...

Solution: The following are important events and end products of the light reaction. It's crucial to note that these events are listed in the order in which scientists discovered them, not in the...

Solution: a. The photosynthetic rate is indicated by the action spectrum. The measurement is oxygen release, which can be compared to the action spectrum by looking at the oxygen releases on the...

Solution: Under the following conditions, C4 plants outperform C3 plants: Even at low CO2 concentrations, C4 plants can perform photosynthesis. Saturation occurs in C4 plants around 360 l L1, but...

Solution: Chlorophyll a is the most abundant pigment in plants. The optimal efficiency between blue and red light wavelengths is demonstrated by this pigment. Because pigments can absorb light of a...

Solution: Photosynthesize can occur in any portion of the plant that is green in color. As a result, the assertion is incorrect. Chlorophyll roots from Trap and Timisoara, as well as photosynthesis,...

Solution: a. Maize is a C4 plant, while euphorbia is a CAM plant. Both are capable of surviving in tropical climates. b. Maize is a C4 plant, which means it has higher photosynthetic efficiency. c....

Solution: (a) Photorespiration, is a process that occurs in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. (b) Photorespiration happens when there is an abundance of oxygen rather than carbon dioxide,...

Solution: Because chloroplasts have their own DNA, they are referred to as semi-autonomous organelles. Furthermore, they have the ability to create their own energy and do not require the cell....

Solution: The pigment Lycopene is responsible for the red color of tomatoes, carrots, and chilies. This isn't a pigment that helps with photosynthesis. The plastid which contains this pigment is...

Solution: To a large extent, this is correct, as cyanobacteria and green plants have created all of the food on the planet. Other autotrophs exist, although their contribution to the food chain of...

Solution: (a) occurs in the outer side of the thylakoid membrane (b) is conducted on the inner side of the thylakoid membrane (c) is performed in the stroma of the chloroplast (d) takes place in the...

Solution: Photosynthesize can occur in any portion of the plant that is green in color. As a result, the assertion is incorrect. Chlorophyll roots from Trap and Timisoara, as well as photosynthesis,...

Solution: a. Maize is a C4 plant, while euphorbia is a CAM plant. Both are capable of surviving in tropical climates. b. Maize is a C4 plant, which means it has higher photosynthetic efficiency. c....

Solution: (a) Photorespiration, is a process that occurs in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. (b) Photorespiration happens when there is an abundance of oxygen rather than carbon dioxide,...

Solution: Because chloroplasts have their own DNA, they are referred to as semi-autonomous organelles. Furthermore, they have the ability to create their own energy and do not require the cell....

Solution: The pigment Lycopene is responsible for the red color of tomatoes, carrots, and chilies. This isn't a pigment that helps with photosynthesis. The plastid which contains this pigment is...

Solution: To a large extent, this is correct, as cyanobacteria and green plants have created all of the food on the planet. Other autotrophs exist, although their contribution to the food chain of...

Solution: C4 plants, such as maize, sugarcane, and others, have Kranz anatomy. These plants can withstand extremes in temperature and light intensity. These plants have also evolved to thrive in...

Solution: For one molecule of carbon dioxide to be reduced, two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADPH are required during the Calvin cycle. Because glucose is a 6-carbon chemical, 6 carbon...

Solution: Experiments at the University of California led to the discovery of the full pathway for sugar synthesis by Melvin Calvin and his colleagues. They took the following steps to do this: The...

Solution: Chemiosmotic movement is the movement of ions through a semi-permeable membrane and down an electron gradient. During the light reaction of photosynthesis, ions pass over the thylakoid...

Solution: Photosynthesis is a process that is aided by enzymes. We know that enzymes perform best in a specific temperature range. An enzyme cannot function when the temperature exceeds this range....

Solution: Rubisco has an affinity with carbon dioxide as well as oxygen. The binding of Rubisco with either of them, however, is competitive. This means that if the $C{{O}_{2}}$ concentration is...

Solution: We know that light is rarely a limiting factor for photosynthesis because light saturation can be achieved with just 10% of full sunlight. Less light may limit the rate of photosynthesis...

Solution: They do not receive the same amount of light in terms of both quality and quantity. The importance of solar radiation in living cannot be overstated. The photosynthetic pigments of these...

Solution: Carbon dioxide is still present when a plant is kept in the dark and properly ventilated. A sufficient amount of water can be provided to the plant to ensure its life. The seed, however,...

Solution: Photosynthesis produces glucose, which is needed in cellular respiration to produce ATP. After that, the glucose is converted to carbon dioxide, which is subsequently used in...

Solution: The biosynthetic phase of photosynthesis, during which carbohydrate synthesis occurs, is known as the Dark Reaction. This portion of photosynthesis is known as Dark Reaction because it is...

Solution: Accessory pigments are pigments that aid chlorophyll in capturing solar light. They are known to support chlorophyll in the trapping of solar radiation. Accessory pigments aid in the...

Solution: During the day, succulent plants keep their stomata closed. This, however, limits the amount of carbon dioxide that can enter the system. Succulent plants have developed a particular way...

Solution: Carbon dioxide and water mix during the biosynthetic phase to form carbohydrates or sugar molecules. Carbon fixation is the name given to this carbon dioxide reaction. Carbon fixation...

Solution: The major photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll a, as well as accessory pigments such as chlorophyll b, chlorophyll c, and carotenoids, trap sunlight to carry out photosynthesis' light...

Solution: The ATPase enzyme is made up of two parts: A part called FO is implanted in the membrane and produces a transmembrane channel that allows protons to diffuse across the membrane more...

Solution: NADP reductase is an enzyme that aids in the decrease of a molecule's oxidative state... It comes in two varieties- NADP and NADPH. When a molecule is oxidized, NADP absorbs an electron...

Solution: Hatch slack pathway- In C4 plants the process is called the Hatch & Slack Pathway, the glucose synthesis process. The Calvin Cycle is followed by every photosynthetic plant, although...

Solution: A photon is adsorbed by Photosystem II in photosynthesis to break down water into oxygen and protons in solution. The photosystem must absorb yet another photon to fuel the Calvin cycle's...

Solution: The above reaction is of reduction of glucose to carbohydrates which occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast where the Dark reaction takes place. So, the following are the answers to the...

Solution: Girdling is the process of removing the tree's bark in the form of a ring. The xylem is kept intact in this case so that it can feed minerals and water to the tree's various components....

Solution: The NADP reductase enzyme is found on the stroma side of the grana thylakoids. The stacks of thylakoids are known as grana. The figure depicts a single thylakoid, which indicates the...

Solution: In plants and algae, the photosynthetic process takes place in microscopic organelles called chloroplasts, which are found inside cells. Light-harvesting pigments in more basic...

Solution: The above reaction shows Photolysis and the following questions have been answered. It happens in PS II, which is a water molecule decomposition reaction.Water splitting (photolysis which...

Solution: In C 4 plants, mesophyll cells are responsible for the early fixation of Carbon dioxide or carboxylation. PEP carboxylase (or PEP case) is a Carbon dioxide fixation enzyme found in the...

Solution: Carboxylation is the reaction that causes carbon dioxide to be fixed in the first place. The RuBP carboxylase catalyzes this process, which results in the formation of two molecules of...

Solution: The Phospho Enol Pyruvate (PEP) carboxylase is found in the mesophyll cells of C 4 plants and catalyzes the conversion of PEP to oxaloacetate. (OAA) is the first 4C stable chemical...

Solution: Inside thylakoids, light processes take place. It is dependent on the presence of light. It involves water photolysis (the splitting of water into H 2 and O 2 and the generation of...

Solution: Photosystem II is involved in the splitting up of water or photolysis, and it is exclusively found in the membrane of thylakoids. So, the correct answer is (d).

Solution: Phosphoenol Pyruvate (PEP) is located in the mesophyll cell of C4 plants, where it takes ambient CO2 and transforms it into the oxaloacetate molecule. To cope with photorespiratory losses,...

Solution: Light isn't required for dark reactions. Dark reaction, on the other hand, generates energy molecules from ATP and NADPH. There is no need for a photosystem. Water does not undergo...

Solution: Inside thylakoids, light reactions take place. It is dependent on the presence of light. It involves water photolysis (the splitting of water into H 2 and O 2 and the generation of...

Solution: \[2{{H}_{2}}O\to 4{{H}^{+}}+{{O}_{2}}+4{{e}^{-}}\] Since this reaction occurs on the inner side of the thylakoid membrane, the protons produced are trapped in the thylakoid lumen. Protons...

Solution: Chemosynthetic bacteria are organisms that use inorganic chemicals as a source of energy and convert them to organic compounds. They get their energy through the oxidation of inorganic...

Solution: Photosynthesis is most efficient in the blue and red light spectrums. The energy carried by blue wavelengths of light is greater than that carried by red wavelengths. As a result, the most...

Solution: The wavelength of sunlight or solar energy that reaches the earth ranges from 300 nm (in the ultra-violet range) to 2600 nm (in the infra-red range). Photo synthetically active radiation...

Solution: Since it is found in all photosynthetic plants except bacteria, chlorophyll an is known as the universal photosynthetic pigment. As it performs the primary photosynthesis process, which...

Solution: Chlorophyll contains magnesium as a component. Green photosynthetic pigments are called chlorophyll. The chloroplasts of higher plants have five forms of chlorophyll: a, b, c, d, and e....