Solution: An ovule is a female megasporangium from where megaspores formation takes place. The various parts of an ovule are –1) Funicle - It is a stalk-like structure that serves as the point of...
With a neat diagram, explain the 7-celled, 8 nucleate natures of female gametophyte.
Solution: The mitotic division (reduction division) of the mother megaspore gives rise to female gametophytes. The megaspore divides mitotically thrice to form firstly 2 then 4 and out of these 4...
What is apomixis and what is its importance?
Solution: Apomixis is the process of seed formation, where the seed forms without the occurrence of fertilization. This is basically the process of meiosis and syngamy. It is of high importance and...
Explain the role of the tapetum in the formation of a pollen grain wall.
Solution: Tapetum is the innermost layer of microsporangium and plays an important role in the formation of pollen grain walls. It provides the required nourishment to the maturing pollen grains....
If one can induce parthenocarpy through the application of growth substances, which fruits would you select to induce parthenocarpy and why?
Solution: Parthenocarpy is a method, where fruits are developed without fertilization, and the fruits bear no seeds. This process is best suited for fruits that are devoid of seeds such as...
What is meant by emasculation? When and why does a plant breeder employ this technique?
Solution: Emasculation refers to the removal of stems from bisexual flowers which later matures and form anther. This is done in order to avoid self-pollination in the flowers. This technique is...
Why is apple called a false fruit? Which part of the flower forms the fruit?
Solution: A false fruit is one that is derived from some secondary parts like the floral part and not from the ovary. Apple is derived from the thalamus (secondary part) and is hence called a false...
Differentiate between: Epicotyl and hypocotyl, Coleoptile and coleorhiza, Integument and Testa, Perisperm and pericarp.
Solution: Epicotyl and hypocotyl EpicotylHypocotylHere the region of the embryo is above the cotyledon.Here the region of the embryo is below the cotyledon.Epicotyl terminates from the...
Why do you think zygote is dormant for some time in a fertilized ovule?
Solution: The zygote remains inactive into an embryo until a certain amount of endosperm is formed. It provides the necessary nutrition to the developing embryo. This endosperm is formed from the...
What is triple fusion? Where and how does it take place? Name the nuclei involved in triple fusion.
Solution: Triple fusion occurs when two polar nuclei and a sperm nucleus fuses within the embryo sac of flowering plants. The events that take place in triple fusion are; The pollen grains get...
What is the bagging technique? How is it helpful in a plant breeding programmed?
Solution: The bagging technique is helpful in the prevention of fertilization of stigma by any undesired pollen. This is done by covering the emasculated flower (a flower whose anther is removed is...
What is self-incompatibility? Why does self-pollination not lead to seed formation in self-incompatible species?
Solution: Self-incompatibility refers to a genetically controlled mechanism, where pollen grains are unable to completely grow on the stigma of the flower. This process prevents self-pollination and...
Mention two strategies evolved to prevent self-pollination in flowers.
Solution: The two strategies involved in preventing self-pollination in flowers are: Dichogamy – It refers to the production of male and female reproductive organs at different times. Occurs with...
What are chasmogamous flowers? Can cross-pollination occur in cleistogamous flowers? Give reasons for your answer.
Solution: Chasmogamous flowers are flowers that have open petals such that the pollen and stigma (the reproductive organs) are exposed to allow cross-pollination. On top of that chasmogamous flowers...
What is meant by the monosporic development of female gametophytes?
Solution: Monosporic development is the development of a female gametophyte from a single functional megaspore. In angiosperms, a single diploid mother megaspore undergoes meiotic cell division ....
Arrange the following terms incorrect developmental sequence: Pollen grain, sporogenous tissue, microspore tetrad, pollen mother cell, male gametes.
Solution: The correct developmental sequence is: Sporogenous tissue → pollen mother cell → microspore tetrad → pollen grain → male gamete.When the microsporangium is in the developing stage, every...
Differentiate between microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis. Which type of cell division occurs during these events? Name the structures formed at the end of these two events.
Solution: The most important differences between microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis are discussed below: MicrosporogenesisMegasporogenesisIt is the process where a diploid microspore mother cell...
Name the parts of an angiosperm flower in which the development of male and female gametophyte takes place.
Solution: In angiosperms, the male gametes are developed from a microspore that is present inside the pollen grains. They are released from the anther. But on the other side, the female gametes are...