Solution: Magnesium hydroxide is a superior acid neutralizer in light of the fact that it keeps a pH level in the stomach and insoluble in the stomach. It doesn't make stomach antacid though sodium...
What is the essential contrast among germ-killers and sanitizers?
Solution: 1. Germicides are applied to living tissues though sanitizers are applied on non-living substances 2. Germicides are antimicrobial though sanitizers are against microbial as well 3....
What is the logical clarification for the sensation of sorrow?
Solution: A chemical called Noradrenaline controls the emotional episodes. Sorrow can be caused because of the low degree of noradrenaline which hampers the sign exercises in the cerebrum.
What are analgesics?
Solution: The analgesics drug is a neurologically dynamic medication which is utilized to diminish torment. They don't have any incidental effects.
For what reason is it more secure to utilize cleanser according to the ecological perspective?
Solution: When contrasted with the cleansers are more secure to utilize which is biodegradable. It doesn't have a contaminating nature.
How does the expanding of the hydrocarbon chain of manufactured cleansers influence their biodegradability?
Solution: Lesser the expanding lesser is the non-dirtying nature of the cleanser and expanded in fanning causes the contaminating idea of the cleanser to increment.
Draw the outline showing micelle development by the accompanying cleanser. CH3(CH2)10CH2OSO3-Na+
Solution: Micelle formation of the detergent can be shown as:
Dishwashing cleansers are engineered cleansers. What is their compound nature?
Solution: Cleansers are manufactured cleansers which contain non-ionic cleansers that have a purging property. They consolidate with the soil and debasements and make them dissolvable.
Hair shampoos have a place with which class of manufactured cleanser?
Solution: Cationic cleansers are utilized in hair shampoos. eg: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Cationic cleansers are quarternary ammonium salts of acetic acid derivations, chlorides or bromides.
Which class of the manufactured cleansers is utilized in toothpaste?
Solution: Anionic cleansers are utilized in toothpaste to clean teeth and structure reasonable froth. Eg: sodium or ammonium lauryl sulfate
Clarify why a few times frothing is found in waterway water close to where sewage water is poured after treatment?
Solution: The froth is because of the non-biodegradable cleansers which are available in water after sewage treatment. A cleanser is a water-solvent purifying specialist which joins with...
In the event that the cleanser has high antacid substance it disturbs the skin. How could the measure of abundance soluble still up in the air? What can be the wellspring of overabundance antacid?
Solution: Overabundance of antacid can be discovered utilizing corrosive base titration. The salt that is shaped during the hydrolyses of oil during cleanser readiness might be a reason for...
What is a delicate cleanser?
Solution: They are effectively solvent which contains potassium salts of unsaturated fats as a significant part.
The two acid neutralizers and antiallergic drugs are antihistamines yet they can’t supplant one another. Clarify why?
Solution: Stomach settling agents are utilized for the treatment of corrosive in the stomach and antihistamines repress the activity of histamine in the body. The two stomach settling agents and...
Anti-inflamatory medicine is an aggravation assuaging antipyretic medication yet can be utilized to forestall coronary failure. Clarify.
Solution: Ibuprofen forestalls blood thickening in the heart as it has against blood-coagulating activity. This activity helps in forestalling coronary failure.
Which class of medications is utilized in dozing pills?
Solution: It contains sedatives as a medication which is intended for the treatment of dread, uneasiness and mental interruptions.
What is the shared trait between the anti-toxin arsphenamine and azodye?
Solution: The kind of linkage moved by the anti-microbial arsphenamine is like that of azodye. anti-toxin arsphenamine gangs – As=As-linkage which is like – N=N-linkage in azodye.
What sort of powers are associated with restricting of substrate to the dynamic site of a catalyst?
Solution: I) Van der Waal power ii) hydrogen holding iii) dipole cooperations iv) ionic securities and so forth are engaged with the limiting of substrate.
Which site of a protein is called allosteric site?
Solution: This is the site other than the dynamic site in which the medications can tie and cause its activity. They control substance responses happening in the human body.
What is the destructive impact of hyperacidity?
Solution: Hyperacidity can cause a ulcer or gastric refluxes in the stomach. The fundamental driver of hyperacidity is the discharge of corrosive in an overabundance sum.
Where are receptors found?
Solution: Receptors are found pon the cell surface layer or inside the cytoplasm. They are organic transducers.
Which sort of medications goes under antimicrobial medications?
Solution: Mostly the antimicrobial medications are utilized to treat the microbial capacities. Models like germicides, sulpha medications and anti-toxins go under this class.
What are germ-killers?
Solution: Germicides are those which are applied to the living body to forestall the development of microorganisms. It is utilized on account of cuts or wounds.
Compose the employments of medications.
Solution: Medications play a significant part in our everyday life. It fixes sicknesses. There are different sorts of medications present as tablets, syrups, salves and so on It advances and keeps...
What is the normal atomic mass of medications?
Solution: Medications have a normal atomic mass of 100-500u.
Which of the accompanying assertions are right? (a) Cationic cleansers have germicidal properties. (b) Bacteria can corrupt the cleansers containing profoundly spread chains. (c) Some engineered cleansers can give froth even in super cold water. (d) Synthetic cleansers are not cleansers.
Solution: (a, c, d) (a) Cationic cleansers are quaternary ammonium salts of amines with acetic acid derivations, chlorides or bromides as anions. These cleansers have germicidal properties. (b)...
Which of coming up next are anionic cleansers? (a) Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain liquor. (b) Ester of stearic corrosive and polyethylene glycol. (c) Quaternary ammonium salt of amine with acetic acid derivation particle. (d) Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain hydrocarbons.
Solution: (a, d) Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain liquor and sodium salts of sulphonated long chain hydrocarbons are anionic cleansers e.g., Sodium laurylsulphate CH3(CH2)10CH2OSO3–Na+ and...
Veronal and Luminal are subsidiaries of barbituric corrosive which are (i) Tranquillizers (ii) Non-narcotic analgesic (iii) Antiallergic drugs (iv) Neurologically active drugs
Solution: (a, d) Tranquilizers are neurologically dynamic medications. Veronal and luminal are subordinates of barbituric corrosive utilized as sedatives.
Amongst the accompanying antihistamine ,which are insect acids? (a)Ranitidine (b) Brompheniramine (c)Terfenadine (d)Cimetidine
Solution: (a, d) Ranitidine and cimetidine are antihistamines which are utilized as subterranean insect acids. These medication bring about arrival of lesser measure of corrosive. Brompheniramine...
Which of the accompanying mixtures are controlled as subterranean insect acids? (a) Sodium carbonate (b)Sodium Hydrogen carbonate (c)Aluminium carbonate (d)Magnism Hydroxide
Solution: (b,d) Sodium Hydrogen carbonate and Magnism Hydroxide ,both are gentle alkalies ,are utilized as subterranean insect acids.
Which of the accompanying assertions are inaccurate with regards to penicillin? (a) An antibacterial organism. (b) Ampicillin is its engineered adjustment. (c) It has bacteriostatic impact. (d) It is a wide range anti-infection.
Solution: (c, d) Penicillin annihilates microbes by obliterating the cell mass of the microorganism or kill the microscopic organisms along these lines, it has bacteriocidal impact. Penicillin has a...
Which of coming up next are antidepressants? (a) Iproniazid (b) Phenelzine (c) Equanil (d) Salvarsan
Solution: (a, b, c) (a) Iproniazid is a hydrazine drug utilized as an upper. (b) Phenelzine is otherwise called Nardil. It is utilized in the treatment of significant burdensome problem. (c) Equanil...
Which of coming up next are sulpha drugs? (a) Sulphapyridine (b) Prontosil (c) Salvarsan (d) Nardil
Solution: (a, b) (a) Sulphapyridine is a sulphonamide antibacterial medication. (b) Prontosil is additionally called sulphamidochrysoidine. (c) Salvarsan is arsenic based antibacterial medication....
Which of the accompanying assertions are right with regards to barbiturates? (a) Hypnotics or rest creating specialists. (b) These are sedatives. (c) Non-opiate analgesics. (d) Pain diminishing without upsetting the sensory system.
Solution: (a, b) Barbiturates are sedatives which are utilized as hypnotics or rest instigating specialists.
Mixtures with clean properties are (a) CHCl, (b) CHI3 (c) Boric corrosive (d) 0.3 ppm watery arrangement of Cl2
Solution: (b, c) (a) CHCl3 (chloroform) was utilized as a sedation in medical procedure yet presently it is utilized in the creation of the Freon refrigerant R-22. (b) Iodoform (CFH3) produces...
Which of coming up next are not utilized as food additives? (a) Table salt (b) Sodium hydrogen carbonate (c) Cane sugar (d) Benzoic corrosive
Solution: (b, d) Table salt and raw sweetener are utilized, as food additives while sodium hydrogen carbonate and benzoic corrosive are not utilized as food additives.
Which of the accompanying assertions are erroneous with regards to receptor proteins? (a) Majority of receptor proteins are installed in the cell layers. (b) The dynamic site of receptor proteins opens within locale of the cell. (c) Chemical couriers are gotten at the limiting locales of receptor proteins. (d) Shape of receptor doesn’t change during connection of courier.
Solution: (b, d) Receptor proteins are implanted in the cell film and their dynamic destinations project outside area of the cell layer. State of the receptor changes during the connection of...
Which of the accompanying won’t improve dietary benefit of food? (a) Minerals (b) Artificial sugars (c) Vitamins (d) Amino acids
Solution: (b) Artificial sugars are non-caloric substitutes for sugar. They are frequently strongly more sweet than sugar however don't upgrade healthy benefit of food. Nutrients and minerals are...
Which of the accompanying synthetic can be added for improving of food things at cooking temperature and doesn’t give calories? (a) Sucrose (b) Glucose (c) Aspartame (d) Sucralose
Solution: (d) Sucralose is a fake improving specialist which is multiple times better than sucrose and doesn't give calories.
Which of the accompanying assertion isn’t correct with regards to chemical inhibitors? (a) Inhibit the synergist movement of the chemical. (b) Prevent the limiting of substrate. (c) Generally, a solid covalent bond is shaped between an inhibitor and a compound. (d) Inhibitors can be cutthroat or non-serious.
Solution: (c) Inhibitors are synthetic substances which will in general lessen the action of a specific chemical. For the most part, a powerless bond, for example, H-holding, van der Waals...
Which of coming up next isn’t an objective particle for drug work in body? (a) Carbohydrates (b) Lipids (c) Vitamins (d) Proteins
Solution: (c) Drugs generally associate with biomolecules like starches, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. These are called drug targets. Nutrients are not an objective atom for drug work in...
Polyethyleneglycols are utilized in the readiness of which kind of cleansers? (a) Cationic cleansers . (b) Anionic cleansers (c) Non-ionic cleansers (d) Soaps
Solution: (c) Polyethyleneglycols are utilized in the planning of non-ionic cleansers.
Which of coming up next is an illustration of fluid dishwashing cleanser?
Solution: (b) Liquid dishwashing cleansers are non-ionic cleansers.
Glycerol is added to cleanser. It capacities (a) as a filler (b) to increment leathering (c) to forestall quick drying (d) to make cleanser granules
Solution: (c) Glycerol is added to shaving cleanser to forestall quick drying while to upgrade the leathering property of cleanser, a gum called rosin is added to them. It structures sodium rosinate...
Which of the accompanying improves washed property of cleanser? (a) Sodium carbonate (b) Sodium rosinate (c) Sodium stearate (d) Trisodium phosphate
Solution: (b) Shaving cleansers contain glycerol to forestall quick drying. A gum called rosin is included these cleansers which structures sodium rosinate which upgrades washed property of...
A gum rosin added to cleanser to make it foam well. Bithional is added to cleansers to bestow germ-free properties to cleanser. Equanil is (a) fake sugar (b) sedative (c) antihistamine (d) antifertility medication
Solution: (b) Equanil is a sedative utilized in controlling sadness and hypertension.
Compound which is added to cleanser to confer disinfectant properties is (a) sodium laurylsulphate (b) sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (c) rosin (d) bithional
Solution: (d) All cleansers are made by bubbling fats or oils with reasonable hydroxide. Varieties are made by adding distinctive natural substances. Sodium laurylsulphate and sodium...
The compound that causes general upper activity on the focal sensory system has a place with the class of (a) analgesics (b) sedatives (c) opiate analgesics (d) antihistamines
Solution: (b) The compound that causes general stimulant activity on the focal sensory system has a place with the class of sedatives.
A limited range anti-microbial is dynamic against (a) gram positive or gram negative microbes (b) gram negative microscopic organisms as it were (c) single creature or one sickness (d) both gram positive and gram negative microbes
Solution: (a) A tight range anti-microbial is dynamic against gram positive or gram negative microorganisms.
Salvarsan is arsenic containing drug which was first utilized for the treatment of (a) syphilis (b) typhoid (c) meningitis (d) loose bowels
Solution: (a) Salvarsan is arsenic containing drug which was first utilized for treatment of syphilis. Syphilis is an intense and ongoing contaminations sickness brought about by the bacterium...
Which of the accompanying assertion is right? (a) Some sedatives work by hindering the compounds which catalyze the debasement of noradrenaline. (b) Tranquilizers are opiate drugs. (c) Tranquilizers are substance intensifies that don’t influence the message move from nerve to receptor. (d) Tranquilizers are substance intensifies that can calm torment and fever.
Solution: (a) Tranquilizers are neurologically dynamic medications. A few sedatives are antidepressants and the capacities by hindering the proteins which catalyze the corruption of noradrenaline....
The most valuable order of medications for restorative scientific experts is (a) based on synthetic design (b) based on drug activity (c) based on sub-atomic targets (d) based on pharmacological impact
Solution: (c) The most valuable grouping of medications for therapeutic physicists. It is based on sub-atomic targets. Target particles are typically biomolecules like carbs, lipids, proteins and...
Which proclamation about ibuprofen isn’t correct? (a) Aspirin has a place with opiate analgesics. (b) It is powerful in diminishing torment. (c) It has antiblood thickening activity. (d) It is a neurologically dynamic medication.
Solution: (a) Aspirin restrains the combination of mixtures known as prostaglandins which invigorate irritation in the tissues and cause torment. Thus, it is viable in easing torment. Ibuprofen has...
Which is the right assertion about anti-conception medication pills? (a) Contain estrogen as it were (b) Contain progesterone as it were (c) Contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone subsidiaries (d) Progesterone upgrades ovulation
Solution: (c) Birth control pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone subsidiaries. Both of these are sex chemicals. Progesterone stifles ovulation and estrogen control the feminine...
Which of the accompanying assertion isn’t right? (a) Some germ-killers can be added to cleansers. (b) Dilute arrangements of certain sanitizers can be utilized as germ-free. (c) Disinfectants are antimicrobial medications. (d) Antiseptic prescriptions can be ingested.
Solution: (d) Antiseptics are applied to the living tissues like injuries, cuts and unhealthy skin surfaces. Disinfectant prescriptions, for example, anti-microbials can't be ingested.
Draw a figure to show the splitting of d orbitals in an octahedral crystal field.
Using IUPAC norms write the formulas for the following: (i) Tetrabromidocuprate(II) (ii) Pentaamminenitrito-N-cobalt(III)
( i ) [ Cu (Br)4] 2− ( ii ) [Co ( ONO )( NH3)5] 2+
Label the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts in the following compounds.
Solution:
Explain the cleansing action of soaps.
Soap molecules form micelles around an oil droplet (drit) in such a way that the hydrophobic ends of the stearate ions are attached to the oil droplet and the hydrophilic ends of the stearate ions...
Can you use soaps and synthetic detergents to check the hardness of water?
Soaps precipitate in hard water, but not in soft water, and can thus be used to determine the hardness of the water. Synthetic detergents, on the other hand, do not precipitate in both hard and soft...
What are biodegradable and non-biodegradable detergents? Give one example of each.
Detergents that are degraded by microorganisms are known as biodegradable detergents. They have hydrocarbon chains that are straight. For instance, sodium lauryl sulfate. Non-biodegradable...
Explain the following terms with suitable examples: (i) cationic detergents, (ii) anionic detergents, and (iii) non-ionic detergents.
(i) Cationic detergents: Compound detergents in which the cationic component has a longer hydrocarbon chain and a positive charge on the N atom are called cationic detergents. Quaternary ammonium...
How are synthetic detergents better than soaps?
In both soft and hard water, synthetic detergents are utilized, while soaps are used in soft water. Soaps are ineffective in hard water. As a result, synthetic detergents are preferable to soaps.
What problem arises in using alitame as an artificial sweetener?
Alitame is a highly effective sweetener. It is tough to control the sweetness of food when using alitame as an artificial sweetener.
Name the sweetening agent used in the preparation of sweets for a diabetic patient.
Sweetening chemicals such as saccharin, aspartame, and alitame are used to prepare diabetic sweets.
What are artificial sweetening agents ? Give two examples.
Artificial sweeteners are chemicals that are used to sweeten meals. Artificial sweeteners do not add calories to our diets and are not harmful to our health. Sucralose, aspartame, alitame, and...
What are food preservatives?
Food preservatives are chemicals that limit microbial growth in food. They minimize spoiling. Sugar, table salt, vegetable oil, propanoic acid salts, and sodium benzoate are examples of food...
What is the tincture of iodine? What is it used for?
Iodine tincture is a mixture of alcohol and water that contains 2-3 % iodine and is used to treat wounds.
What are the main constituents of Dettol?
Principle constituents of Dettol are chloroxylenol and alpha−terpineol.
Name a substance which can be used as an antiseptic as well as a disinfectant.
Phenol is a chemical that can be used as a disinfectant as well as an antiseptic. As an antiseptic, a 0.2% phenol solution is used, and 1% of the solution is used as a disinfectant.
Why are cimetidine and ranitidine better antacids than sodium hydrogen carbonate or magnesium or aluminium hydroxide?
Magnesium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and aluminum hydroxide are antacids that neutralize excess hydrochloric acid in the stomach. The reason for releasing extra acid, on the other hand,...
How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants? Give one example of each.
Disinfectants and antiseptics are extremely effective against microorganisms. Antiseptics are used on living tissues while disinfectants are used for non-living surfaces. Cuttings, wounds, diseased...
What is meant by the term ‘broad spectrum antibiotics’? Explain.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are medicines that work against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Chloramphenicol, for example. Acute fever, typhoid, meningitis, dysentery, TB,...
A low level of noradrenaline is the cause of depression. What type of drugs are needed to cure this problem? Name two drugs.
Antidepressant medications are used to alleviate the symptoms of depression. These medications contain enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of noradrenaline, a neurotransmitter. As a result, the...
While antacids and antiallergic drugs interfere with the function of histamines, why do these not interfere with the function of each other?
Certain medications have a specific effect on specific receptors. Antacids and antiallergic medicines function on different receptors, thus they don't interfere. That's why antacids and antiallergic...
Which forces are involved in holding the drugs to the active site of enzymes?
The forces responsible for holding the drugs to the active site of enzymes are:(a) Hydrogen bonding (b) Ionic bonding (c) van der Waals force (d) Dipole-dipole interaction
Define the term chemotherapy.
Chemotherapy is the application of chemicals for therapeutic purposes. Chemical agents are used for illness prevention, diagnosis, and therapy.
Why should medicines not be taken without consulting doctors?
Because medicines can bind to several receptor sites, they should not be taken without visiting a doctor. As a result, some receptor sites may be harmed. When medicines are taken in higher doses,...
Explain the terms target molecules or drug targets as used in medicinal chemistry.
The target molecules are the major molecules involved in a number of metabolic pathways that might lead to disease. Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids are the drug targets. Chemical...
Why do we need to classify drugs in different ways?
The following are the reasons for the classification of drugs: (i) The pharmacological effect is based on the following: This definition is beneficial to physicians. It offers a wide range of...