Option (iii) is the answer. Aromatic alcohols are those in which the -OH group is not directly connected to the benzene ring. As a result, option C is accurate.
Option (ii) is the answer. Since the $X^-$ group is replaced by the $OH^-$ group, the process of turning alkyl halides into alcohols may be written as: R−X→R−OH. This is a nucleophilic substitution...
Option (iii) is the answer. Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), a combination of chromium trioxide, pyridine, and HCl, produces a high yield of aldehydes while preventing carboxylic acid oxidation....
Option (iii) is the answer. The Lucas reagent is a combination of concentrated HCl and dry anhydrous $ZnCl_2$, and the reaction is known as the Lucas test. It's used to figure out whether a...
Option (iv) is the answer. Explanation: In the presence of light, halogenation follows the free radical pathway, and therefore reacts with the alkyl group to produce halo alkyl. In the presence of...
Solution: Because of helpless f orbital safeguarding, powerful atomic charge increments and there is a compression in the size of the third-column components. This compression in size is called...
Solution: Ce – [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2. For the most part, lanthanoids lose the 5d and 6s electrons and show +3 oxidation state, yet Cerium loses the one 4f electron additionally to achieve Xenon's...
Solution: Because of the lanthanoid compression helpless f, orbital safeguarding prompts an expansion in powerful atomic charge, which lessens the size of Hf. So the nuclear radii of both Zr and Hf...
Solution: Th, Pa and U, 5f electrons begin filling and they have infiltration lower than 4f electrons for Ce, Pr and Nd. Eliminating 4f electrons will be troublesome, so ionization enthalpy for Th,...
Solution: Cr3+ has an even electron appropriation and will just have turn attractive second commitment though Co2+ has no balanced circulation of electrons so it will have an orbital attractive...
Solution: Fluorine has one unpaired electron and structures a solitary bond, while Oxygen has two unpaired electrons and can shape various bonds along these lines balancing out higher oxidation...
Solution: CuCl2 is more steady in light of the fact that Cu2+ has a higher electron thickness than Cu+. Cu2+ is more modest in size, has higher powerful atomic charge and subsequently a higher...
Solution: Change components have solid metallic bonds. Breaking those bonds becomes more diligently that implies dissolving these components will be troublesome. Thus, liquefying focuses are higher...
Solution: Mn2+(3d5) and Zn2+(3d10) have half-filled and filled d orbitals which give them dependability and accordingly like to remain as such and not get diminished. With respect to Ni2+(3d8), it...
Solution: A positive decrease potential means the diminished type of Cu is more steady than hydrogen. Consequently, Cu is less receptive than hydrogen and can't dislodge it from acids.
Solution: Magnesium hydroxide is a superior acid neutralizer in light of the fact that it keeps a pH level in the stomach and insoluble in the stomach. It doesn't make stomach antacid though sodium...
Solution: 1. Germicides are applied to living tissues though sanitizers are applied on non-living substances 2. Germicides are antimicrobial though sanitizers are against microbial as well 3....
Solution: A chemical called Noradrenaline controls the emotional episodes. Sorrow can be caused because of the low degree of noradrenaline which hampers the sign exercises in the cerebrum.
Solution: The analgesics drug is a neurologically dynamic medication which is utilized to diminish torment. They don't have any incidental effects.
Solution: When contrasted with the cleansers are more secure to utilize which is biodegradable. It doesn't have a contaminating nature.
Solution: Lesser the expanding lesser is the non-dirtying nature of the cleanser and expanded in fanning causes the contaminating idea of the cleanser to increment.
Solution: Micelle formation of the detergent can be shown as:
Solution: Cleansers are manufactured cleansers which contain non-ionic cleansers that have a purging property. They consolidate with the soil and debasements and make them dissolvable.
Solution: Cationic cleansers are utilized in hair shampoos. eg: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Cationic cleansers are quarternary ammonium salts of acetic acid derivations, chlorides or bromides.
Solution: Anionic cleansers are utilized in toothpaste to clean teeth and structure reasonable froth. Eg: sodium or ammonium lauryl sulfate
Solution: The froth is because of the non-biodegradable cleansers which are available in water after sewage treatment. A cleanser is a water-solvent purifying specialist which joins with...
Solution: Overabundance of antacid can be discovered utilizing corrosive base titration. The salt that is shaped during the hydrolyses of oil during cleanser readiness might be a reason for...
Solution: They are effectively solvent which contains potassium salts of unsaturated fats as a significant part.
Solution: Stomach settling agents are utilized for the treatment of corrosive in the stomach and antihistamines repress the activity of histamine in the body. The two stomach settling agents and...
Solution: Ibuprofen forestalls blood thickening in the heart as it has against blood-coagulating activity. This activity helps in forestalling coronary failure.
Solution: It contains sedatives as a medication which is intended for the treatment of dread, uneasiness and mental interruptions.
Solution: The kind of linkage moved by the anti-microbial arsphenamine is like that of azodye. anti-toxin arsphenamine gangs – As=As-linkage which is like – N=N-linkage in azodye.
Solution: I) Van der Waal power ii) hydrogen holding iii) dipole cooperations iv) ionic securities and so forth are engaged with the limiting of substrate.
Solution: This is the site other than the dynamic site in which the medications can tie and cause its activity. They control substance responses happening in the human body.
Solution: Hyperacidity can cause a ulcer or gastric refluxes in the stomach. The fundamental driver of hyperacidity is the discharge of corrosive in an overabundance sum.
Solution: Receptors are found pon the cell surface layer or inside the cytoplasm. They are organic transducers.
Solution: Mostly the antimicrobial medications are utilized to treat the microbial capacities. Models like germicides, sulpha medications and anti-toxins go under this class.
Solution: Germicides are those which are applied to the living body to forestall the development of microorganisms. It is utilized on account of cuts or wounds.
Solution: Medications play a significant part in our everyday life. It fixes sicknesses. There are different sorts of medications present as tablets, syrups, salves and so on It advances and keeps...
Solution: Medications have a normal atomic mass of 100-500u.
Solution: (a, c, d) (a) Cationic cleansers are quaternary ammonium salts of amines with acetic acid derivations, chlorides or bromides as anions. These cleansers have germicidal properties. (b)...
Solution: (a, d) Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain liquor and sodium salts of sulphonated long chain hydrocarbons are anionic cleansers e.g., Sodium laurylsulphate CH3(CH2)10CH2OSO3–Na+ and...
Solution: (a, d) Tranquilizers are neurologically dynamic medications. Veronal and luminal are subordinates of barbituric corrosive utilized as sedatives.
Solution: (a, d) Ranitidine and cimetidine are antihistamines which are utilized as subterranean insect acids. These medication bring about arrival of lesser measure of corrosive. Brompheniramine...
Solution: (b,d) Sodium Hydrogen carbonate and Magnism Hydroxide ,both are gentle alkalies ,are utilized as subterranean insect acids.
Solution: (c, d) Penicillin annihilates microbes by obliterating the cell mass of the microorganism or kill the microscopic organisms along these lines, it has bacteriocidal impact. Penicillin has a...
Solution: (a, b, c) (a) Iproniazid is a hydrazine drug utilized as an upper. (b) Phenelzine is otherwise called Nardil. It is utilized in the treatment of significant burdensome problem. (c) Equanil...
Solution: (a, b) (a) Sulphapyridine is a sulphonamide antibacterial medication. (b) Prontosil is additionally called sulphamidochrysoidine. (c) Salvarsan is arsenic based antibacterial medication....
Solution: (a, b) Barbiturates are sedatives which are utilized as hypnotics or rest instigating specialists.
Solution: (b, c) (a) CHCl3 (chloroform) was utilized as a sedation in medical procedure yet presently it is utilized in the creation of the Freon refrigerant R-22. (b) Iodoform (CFH3) produces...
Solution: (b, d) Table salt and raw sweetener are utilized, as food additives while sodium hydrogen carbonate and benzoic corrosive are not utilized as food additives.
Solution: (b, d) Receptor proteins are implanted in the cell film and their dynamic destinations project outside area of the cell layer. State of the receptor changes during the connection of...
Solution: (b) Artificial sugars are non-caloric substitutes for sugar. They are frequently strongly more sweet than sugar however don't upgrade healthy benefit of food. Nutrients and minerals are...
Solution: (d) Sucralose is a fake improving specialist which is multiple times better than sucrose and doesn't give calories.
Solution: (c) Inhibitors are synthetic substances which will in general lessen the action of a specific chemical. For the most part, a powerless bond, for example, H-holding, van der Waals...
Solution: (c) Drugs generally associate with biomolecules like starches, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. These are called drug targets. Nutrients are not an objective atom for drug work in...
Solution: (c) Polyethyleneglycols are utilized in the planning of non-ionic cleansers.
Solution: (b) Liquid dishwashing cleansers are non-ionic cleansers.
Solution: (c) Glycerol is added to shaving cleanser to forestall quick drying while to upgrade the leathering property of cleanser, a gum called rosin is added to them. It structures sodium rosinate...
Solution: (b) Shaving cleansers contain glycerol to forestall quick drying. A gum called rosin is included these cleansers which structures sodium rosinate which upgrades washed property of...
Solution: (b) Equanil is a sedative utilized in controlling sadness and hypertension.
Solution: (d) All cleansers are made by bubbling fats or oils with reasonable hydroxide. Varieties are made by adding distinctive natural substances. Sodium laurylsulphate and sodium...
Solution: (b) The compound that causes general stimulant activity on the focal sensory system has a place with the class of sedatives.
Solution: (a) A tight range anti-microbial is dynamic against gram positive or gram negative microorganisms.
Solution: (a) Salvarsan is arsenic containing drug which was first utilized for treatment of syphilis. Syphilis is an intense and ongoing contaminations sickness brought about by the bacterium...
Solution: (a) Tranquilizers are neurologically dynamic medications. A few sedatives are antidepressants and the capacities by hindering the proteins which catalyze the corruption of noradrenaline....
Solution: (c) The most valuable grouping of medications for therapeutic physicists. It is based on sub-atomic targets. Target particles are typically biomolecules like carbs, lipids, proteins and...
Solution: (a) Aspirin restrains the combination of mixtures known as prostaglandins which invigorate irritation in the tissues and cause torment. Thus, it is viable in easing torment. Ibuprofen has...
Solution: (c) Birth control pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone subsidiaries. Both of these are sex chemicals. Progesterone stifles ovulation and estrogen control the feminine...
Solution: (d) Antiseptics are applied to the living tissues like injuries, cuts and unhealthy skin surfaces. Disinfectant prescriptions, for example, anti-microbials can't be ingested.
Glycerol, commonly known as glycerin, is a triol molecule found in both plant and animal lipids. It's a substance that's utilised in dermatological treatments. It has mostly been utilised as a...
(A)The compound's IUPAC name is 3-Ethyl-5-methyl hexane-2,4-diol. (B) The compound's IUPAC name is 1-Methoxy-3-nitrocyclohexane
The compound's IUPAC name is 3-Methylpent-2-ene-1,2-diol. In the structure shown, the longest carbon atom chain is 5. Except for one double bond between C2 and C3 atoms, all carbon atom bonds are...
The following factors influence the solubility of alcohols in water: (i)Hydrogen bonding (ii)The size of the alkyl or aryl groups is the second factor to consider. (iii)The molecular mass of...
Alcohols used for drinking are rendered unsuitable for human consumption by combining them with copper sulphate and pyridine, which give the liquid a yellow colour and a terrible odour,...
The oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone is seen in the chemical process above. Using oxidising agents such as chromic anhydride (CrO3), Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), and others, this is...
Because of the presence of chlorine, which is an electron-withdrawing group, 2-chloroethanol is more acidic. The electron density in the –O-H bond decreases as a result of the negative inductive...
As reagents, PCC or Pyridinium chlorochromate might be employed. The oxidation of primary alcohol to an aldehyde is seen in the diagram above.
For the afore mentioned reaction, acidified KMnO4 might be employed as a reagent. The oxidation of primary alcohol to a carboxylic acid is seen in the diagram above.
O-nitrophenol is more volatile due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the NO2 and OH groups.
2,4,6-tribromophenol is the name of the chemical produced in this process. The compound's structure is as follows:
o-cresol < Phenol < o-nitrophenol. NO2 o-nitrophenol becomes more acidic due to the presence of the electron-withdrawing group. The electron-releasing group in remaining reduces the acidic...
The following is a list of sodium metal's reactivity to alcohols in decreasing order: Primary alcohols are followed by secondary alcohols and finally tertiary alcohols. Because of two factors,...
When benzene diazonium chloride is heated with water, it produces phenol as well as nitrogen gas and hydrochloric acid as by-products.
The acidity of the following substances is listed in decreasing order: H2O > ROH > HC ≡ CH Because the carbon atoms here are sp hybridised, the electron density on the carbon atom is greater,...
The enzymes involved in the fermentation of sucrose to produce ethanol are known as invertase and zymase. Sucrose is converted to glucose and fructose by invertase. The glucose and fructose are then...
Propane-2-one is hydrolyzed after being treated with CH3MgBr in the presence of dry ether (Grignard reagent).
The phenol –OH group is immediately linked to the benzene ring's sp2hybridized carbon atom. The carbon-oxygen bond length in phenol is shorter than that in alkyl alcohol, which is related to the...
The ortho- and para-positions of the benzene ring become electron-rich as a result of the resonance, activating it for electrophilic substitution reactions. As a result, nucleophilic substitution...
Step 1: Alkene protonation and production of a carbocation Step 2: Water's nucleophilic assault Step 3: Deprotonation occurs, resulting in the formation of alcohol. H30+ is now...
The dipole moments of the two C=O bonds are exactly equal and opposite, making O=C=O nonpolar. As a result, they cancel each other out, resulting in a net dipole moment of zero for O=C=O. Because...
This is due to the alkyl group's steric barrier and the carbocation's stability. Because the 1° carbocation is the least stable, primary alcohol has no reaction at ambient temperature. At ambient...
Acetylsalicylic acid is another name for aspirin. The phenoxide ion is created by treating phenol with NaOH. The phenoxide ion is subsequently electrophilically substituted with CO2 to produce...
The presence of the hydroxyl group in phenol causes it to be more nitrated. The ortho- and para-positions in the benzene ring become electron-rich due to the resonance effect induced by the –OH...
Because phenoxide ion is more reactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution than phenol, phenoxide ion is treated with carbon dioxide (a weak electrophile) in Kolbe's process.
The dipole moment of phenol is smaller than that of methanol due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the phenyl ring. Due to the resonance, the polarity of the C-O bond in phenol decreases.
Williamson synthesis, in which an alkyl halide is reacted with sodium alkoxide, can be used to make ethers. This technique cannot be used to make di-tert-butyl ether because elimination takes...
Due to repulsion between the unshared pair of electrons or the lone pair of electrons on the oxygen atom, the C—O—H bond angle in alcohols is somewhat smaller than the tetrahedral angle.
This is due to the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between alcohol molecules due to the presence of the OH group. The impact of the polar character of the –OH group of alcohol is...
Because of the presence of an electron-withdrawing group, the -NO2 group, which improves the acidic strength of the molecule by stabilising the phenoxide ion, para-nitrophenol is more acidic than...
Because alcohols contain intermolecular hydrogen bonding, their boiling temperatures differ from those of ethers of comparable molecular mass.
Reason: (i) The carbon-oxygen bond obtains a partial double bond character due to the resonance. As a result, the carbon-oxygen bond in phenol shrinks in size. ii) Oxygen is directly connected to a...
The study of biological and chemical processes that occur in nature is referred to as environmental chemistry. It also investigates the chemical species' reactions, origins, impacts, and...
In the cell reaction Cu + 2Ag+→ 2Ag + Cu2+, Anode is the oxidation half-cell Reaction - Cu → Cu2+ + 2e- Cathode is the reduction half-cell Reaction - 2Ag+ + 2e- →2Ag
The intermolecular distance is less within the molecules of a solid and repulsive force occurs between the electron clouds which makes the solids incompressible.
(i) 74 (ii) 68 (iii) 32 (iv) 26 Correct Answer: (iii) 32 Explanation: Calculation – Empty space in a body-centered arrangement = 100 – 68 Empty space in a body-centered arrangement =...
(i) Same in all directions (ii) Different in different directions (iii) Cannot be measured (iv) Always zero Correct Answer: (i) Same in all directions Explanation: As the amorphous...
Correct Answer: Option (d) Explanation: These are the factors in which the electron spins are associated with magnetic atoms in certain crystallographic areas and are directed at each other in such...
(i) Graphite (C) (ii) Quartz glass (SiO2) (iii) Chrome alum (iv) Silicon carbide (SiC) Correct Answer: (ii) Quartz glass (SiO2) Explanation: Solids are considered as an amorphous when they...
(i) Definite and characteristic heat of fusion (ii) Isotropic nature (iii) A regular periodically repeated pattern of arrangement of constituent particles in the entire crystal (iv) A true solid...
(i) High temperature (ii) Low temperature (iii) High thermal energy (iv) Weak cohesive forces Correct Answer: (ii) Low temperature Explanation: At the low temperatures, the substances...
The solution is option (iii).
Solution: Option (ii) is the answer.
Solution:- (i) When a beam of light is transmitted through a colloidal solution, light scattering is detected. This phenomenon is called the Tyndall effect. The path of the beam is...
The colloidal solution in which both the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium are liquids is known as an emulsion. Emulsions are divided into two categories: (a) Oil in water type: The...
The hydrogen bond maintains the two strands of DNA together between specified pairs of bases in the helical helix. Adenine and thymine make a hydrogen link, while cytosine and guanine form a...
with platinum electrodes.
with platinum electrodes.Solution: (iii) At the cathode, the following reduction reaction occurs to produce $H_{2}$ gas. $$ H{(a q)}^{+}+e^{-} \rightarrow \frac{1}{2} H_{2(g)}$$At the anode, the following processes are...
with silver electrodes. (ii) An aqueous solution of with platinum electrodes.Solution: (i) At the cathode: The following reduction reactions are in competition with one another for space at the cathode.$$A g_{(a q)}^{+}+e^{-} \rightarrow A g_{(s)} ; E ^{0}=0.80 V$$$$H_{(a...
and 
Solution: When it comes to electrochemistry, the term "standard electrode potential" refers to the value obtained by measuring the standard emf of a cell in which molecular hydrogen under standard...
and 
and Solution: When it comes to electrochemistry, the term "standard electrode potential" refers to the value obtained by measuring the standard emf of a cell in which molecular hydrogen under standard...
and 
and 
Solution: When it comes to electrochemistry, the term "standard electrode potential" refers to the value obtained by measuring the standard emf of a cell in which molecular hydrogen under standard...
and 
, respectively are connected in series. A steady current of 
amperes was passed through them until 
of silver was deposited at the cathode of cell B. How long did the current flow? What mass of copper and zinc were deposited?According to the information given in the question the reaction will be,$$A g_{(a q)}^{+}+e^{-} \rightarrow A g_{(s)}$$i.e., $108 g$ of $Ag$ is deposited by $96487 C$.Therefore, $1.45 g$ of $Ag$ is...
is electrolysed between platinum electrodes using a current of 5 amperes for 20 minutes. What mass of Ni is deposited at the cathode?Solution: As a result of the reaction, it is $$N i^{2+}+2 e^{-} \rightarrow N i_{(s)}+e^{-}$$ Nickel deposited by $2 \times 96487 C =58.71 g$ Therefore, nickel deposited by $6000 C =\frac{58.71...
to 
?
?Solution: (i) From given data, we write the equations that can be derived$$H_{2} O \rightarrow H_{2}+\frac{1}{2} O_{2} $$ We can say that : $$ O^{2-} \rightarrow \frac{1}{2} O_{2}+2...
of 
from molten 
? 
of 
from molten 
?Solution: (i) From given data, we write the equation of cell, $$Ca ^{2+}+2 e^{-} \rightarrow Ca$$ Evaluating the value of electricity in terms of Faraday we have, Electricity required to produce $40...
of 
to ? of 
to 
? of 
to 
?Solution: As we know that, 1 mole of electron has a charge of 1 faraday (i) $A l^{3+}+3 e^{-} \rightarrow A l$Required charge $=3 F$$=3 \times 96487 C$$=289461 C$(ii) $C u^{2+}+2 e^{-} \rightarrow C...
acetic acid is 
. Calculate its molar conductivity. If 
for acetic acid is 
, what is its dissociation constant?Solution: Given, $K =7.896 \times 10^{-5} S m ^{-1} c$ $$=0.00241 mol L ^{-1}$$As we know, molar conductivity, $\Lambda_{m}=\frac{k}{c}$ Substituting the value of known parameters we...
Solution: Evaluating the value of Λm for each case, Given,$$K =1.237 \times 10^{-2} S m -1, c =0.001 M$$Then, $K =1.237 \times 10^{-4} S cm ^{-1}, c ^{1 / 2}=0.0316 M ^{1 /...
Solution: Given,Conductivity, $k =0.146 \times 10^{-3} S cm -1$Resistance, $R =1500 \Omega$Concept : We know the formula is, $$ \text { Cell constant }= k \times R$$ Calculation: Substuting the...
. Calculate its molar conductivity.Solution: Given, $K =0.0248 S cm ^{-1} C$$$c =0.20 M$$ Concept: We know that Molar conductivity, $\Lambda_{m}=\frac{k \times 1000}{c}$ Calculation: Substituting the value of known parameter,...
Solution: Conductivity: The conductivity of a solution is defined as the conductance of a solution with a length of 1 cm and an area of cross-section of 1 sq. cm and a cross-sectional area of 1 sq....
Solution: Given, $E_0 = 1.104 V$ We know that, $$\Delta_{r} G^{\Theta}=-n F E^{\Theta}$$ Thus substituting the value of parmeters. = −2 × 96487 × 1.04 = −213043.296 J = −213.04...
Solution: Nernst equation in electrochemistry is a relationship between the reduction potential of a reaction (either a half-cell or full-cell reaction) and various parameters such as the standard...
Solution: Nernst equation in electrochemistry is a relationship between the reduction potential of a reaction (either a half-cell or full-cell reaction) and various parameters such as the standard...
Solution: (i) Given: $E_{C r^{3+} / C r}^{\Theta}=0.74 V$ $$E_{C d^{2+} / C d}^{\Theta}=-0.40 V$$The galvanic cell of the given reaction is represented as :$$C r_{(s)}\left|C r_{(a q)}^{3+} | C d_{a...
takes place. Further show: (i) Which of the electrode is negatively charged? (ii) The carriers of the current in the cell. (iii) Individual reaction at each electrode.Solution: It is an electrochemical cell named after the inventors Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta, respectively, in which an electric current is generated through spontaneous reactions. The...
Solution: As the reduction potential is reduced, the reducing power increases proportionally. The following are the standard electrode potentials in ascending order (increasing order): K+/K <...
Solution: According to their reactivity, the following metals replaces in the following order: magnesium, aluminum, zinc, iron, and copper. Magnesium > Aluminum > Zinc > Copper
Because of the – R impact of the benzene ring, aromatic amines have lower availability of N atoms. As a result, the electrons on the N – atom in aromatic amines are difficult to transfer. As a...
(i) protonation of amines gives amide ion. Similarly, alcohol gives away a proton which results in alkoxide ions. In an amide ion, the negative charge is on the N-atom, whereas in an alkoxide ion,...
(i) When aromatic amine reacts with nitrous acid (which is generated in situ from NaNO2) and a mineral acid like phosphoric acid, it produces nitrous oxide. (ii) When aliphatic primary amines react...
The Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is most commonly employed to make aliphatic primary amines. Nucleophilic substitution (SN2) of alkyl halides by the anion generated by the phthalimide is an example...
(i) (ii) (iii) Answer: (i) (ii) (iii)
(i) (ii) Answer: (i) (ii)
Compound ‘C,' with the molecular formula C6H7N, is created by heating compound ‘B' with Br2 and KOH, according to the formula. This is a decomposition of Hoffmann bromamide. As a result, compound B...
(i) (ii) Answer: (i) (ii)
(i) (ii) Answer: (i) (ii)
(i) (ii)
(i) Benzoic acid to aniline <br>(ii) Aniline to 2, 4 ,6 – tribromofluorobenzene (i) (ii)
(i) When an alkyl or benzyl halide reacts with an ethanolic solution of ammonia, the halogen atom is replaced by an amino ( – NH2) group in a nucleophilic substitution process. Ammonolysis is the...
(i) A primary amine with one carbon atom less than the original amide is formed when an amide is treated with bromine in an aqueous or ethanolic solution of sodium hydroxide. The Hoffmann bromamide...
(i) The carbylamine reaction is a test for determining the presence of primary amines. Carbylamines (or isocyanides) are produced d when aliphatic and aromatic primary amines are heated with...
Hinsberg's test can be used to identify and discriminate primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. The amines are allowed to react with Hinsberg's reagent, benzene sulphonyl chloride(C6H5SO2 Cl)....
(i) (ii)
(i) (ii)
(i) (ii)
(i) Ethanoic acid into methanamine (ii) Hexanenitrile into 1–aminopentane
![\[{{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{2}}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{5}}}\mathbf{N}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{2}}},\text{ }{{\left( {{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{2}}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{5}}} \right)}_{\mathbf{2}}}\mathbf{NH},\text{ }{{\left( {{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{2}}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{5}}} \right)}_{\mathbf{3}}}\mathbf{N}\text{ }\mathbf{and}\text{ }\mathbf{N}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{3}}}\]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-7543ab20599101d93b093dbe8157db71_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
![\[{{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{2}}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{5}}}\mathbf{OH},\text{ }{{\left( \mathbf{C}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{3}}} \right)}_{\mathbf{2}}}\mathbf{NH},\text{ }{{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{2}}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{5}}}\mathbf{N}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{2}}}\]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-7401558baa4042733e47b502dc9be068_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
![\[{{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{6}}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{5}}}\mathbf{N}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{2}}},\text{ }{{\left( {{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{2}}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{5}}} \right)}_{\mathbf{2}}}\mathbf{NH},\text{ }{{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{2}}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{5}}}\mathbf{N}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{2}}}\]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-ca2c31e232cd6bffda273a89d9fc4d7d_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
(i) There is no solvation effect in the gas phase. As a result, the + I impact is primarily responsible for the fundamental strength. The firmer the base, the larger the +I impact. In addition, the...
![\[\left( \mathbf{b} \right)\text{ }{{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{6}}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{5}}}\mathbf{N}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{2}}},\text{ }{{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{6}}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{5}}}\mathbf{NHC}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{3}}},\text{ }{{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{6}}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{5}}}\mathbf{C}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{2}}}\mathbf{N}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{2}}}.\]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-c77fbba6b41e37702bf58112d1373bda_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
(a) The presence of the electron-donating – CH3 group in p – toluidine boosts the electron density on the N-atom. As a result, p – toluidine has higher basicity than aniline. In the case of p...
(i) C2 H5 NH2 consists of one –C2 H5 group. (C2 H5 )2NH consists of two –C2 H5 groups. As a result, the +I effect in ( C2H5)2NH is greater than that in...
(i) Aniline does not undergo Friedel – Crafts reaction. In the presence of AlCl 3, the Friedel–Crafts reaction is carried out. However, we already know that AlCl 3 is acidic, whereas aniline is not....
(i) Methylamine in the water when made to react with ferric chloride, precipitates hydrated ferric oxide. Water is less basic than methylamine due to the presence of the – CH3 group and the + I...
(i) p Kb of aniline is more than that of methylamine.(ii) Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not. (i) p Kb of methylamine is lesser than that of aniline : The electrons accessible on...
(i) Ethylamine and aniline (ii) Aniline and benzylamine(iii) Aniline and N-methylaniline. (i) azo–dye test can distinguish aniline & Ethylamine. When aromatic amines react...
(i) Methylamine and dimethylamine (ii) Secondary and tertiary amines\ (i) dimethylamine & Methylaminecan be made notable by the carbylamine test. When aliphatic and aromatic primary amines...
(i) N – Methyl benzamine or N – methylaniline ( 20 amine ) (ii) N – Ethyl – N – methyl ethanamine ( 30 amine ) (iii) 3 – Bromobenzenamine or 3 – bromoaniline ( 10 amine...
(i) CH3 NH CH ( CH3 )2 (i) ( CH3 )3 CNH 2 (i) N – Methyl – 2 – methyl ethanamine ( 20 amine ) (ii) 2 – Methylpropan – 2 – amine ( 10 amine...
(i) ( CH3 )2 CH NH 2 (ii) CH3 ( CH2 )2 NH 2
It is given that: Volume of water $(\mathrm{V})=450 \mathrm{~mL}=0.45 \mathrm{~L}$ Temperature (T) $=37+273=310 \mathrm{~K}$ moles of the polymer, $\mathrm{n}=\frac{1}{185000} \mathrm{~mol}$ We know...
Elevation in boiling point $\Delta T_{b}=(100+273)-(99.63+273)$ $=0.37 \mathrm{~K}$ Mass of water, $w_{1}=500 \mathrm{~g}$ Molar mass of sucrose $\left(\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22}...
As we know that vapour pressure of water, $P_{1}^{\infty}=23.8 \mathrm{~mm}$ of $\mathrm{Hg}$ Weight of water, $w_{1}=850 \mathrm{~g}$ Weight of urea, $w_{2}=50 \mathrm{~g}$ Molecular weight of...
As we know that: $P_{A}^{\circ}=450 \mathrm{~mm} \text { of } \mathrm{Hg}$ $P_{B}^{\circ}=700 \mathrm{~mm}$ of $\mathrm{Hg}$ $P_{\text {total }}=600 \mathrm{~mm} \text { of } \mathrm{Hg}$ As...
It is assumed that the solubility of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}$ in water at STP is $0.195 \mathrm{~m}$, which means that $0.195 \mathrm{~mol}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}$ dissolves in $1000...
(a) Molality of KI (b) Molarity of KI (c) Mole fraction of KI (a) Molar mass of $\mathrm{Kl}=39+127=166 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}$ $20 \%$ aqueous solution of KI shows that $20 \mathrm{~g}$ of...
Urea’s molar mass (NH2CONH2) = $2(1 \times 14+2 \times 1)+1 \times 12+1 \times 16=60 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}$ 0.25 urea in a molar aqueous solution denotes: $1000 \mathrm{~g}$ of water...
(a) 30 g of Co(NO)3. 6H2O in 4.3 L of solution (b) 30 mL of 0.5 M H2SO4 diluted to 500 mL. We are aware of this., Molarity $=\frac{\text { Moles of Solute }}{\text { Volume of solution in litre...
Assume benzene has a mass of $30 \mathrm{~g}$ in a solution with a total mass of $100 \mathrm{~g}$. Mass of $\mathrm{CCl}_{4}=(100-30) \mathrm{g}$ $=70 \mathrm{~g}$ benzene’s molar mass...
Benzene's mass percent $\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}\right)=\frac{\text { Mass of } C_{6} H_{6}}{\text { Total mass of the solution }} v \times 100$ $=\frac{\text { Mass of } C_{6}...
![\[{{[\mathbf{Ni}{{(\mathbf{N}{{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{2}}})}_{\mathbf{6}}}]}^{\mathbf{4}}},\text{ }{{[\mathbf{Ni}{{(\mathbf{N}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{3}}})}_{\mathbf{6}}}]}^{\mathbf{2}+}},\text{ }{{[\mathbf{Ni}{{({{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{2}}}\mathbf{O})}_{\mathbf{6}}}]}^{\mathbf{2}+}}?\]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-c719fbf2dc2de970f85896e939d068d0_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
Because all of the complexes have the same metal ion, the energy absorption is determined by the ligands' CFSE values. The ligands' CFSE values are in the order of H2O < NH3 < NO2- according...
![\[\left( i \right)\text{ }{{[Fe{{({{H}_{2}}O)}_{6}}]}^{3+}}\left( ii \right)\text{ }{{[Fe{{(N{{H}_{3}})}_{6}}]}^{3+}}~\left( iii \right)\text{ }{{[Fe{{({{C}_{2}}{{O}_{4}})}_{3}}]}^{3}}~~~\left( iv \right)\text{ }{{[FeC{{l}_{6}}]}^{3}}\]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-c9055c71fe68a5c25b0ec883d67368e1_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
Fe has an oxidation state of +3 in all circumstances. The chelating ligand (C2O4)3 is a bidentate chelating ligand that produces chelating rings. As a result, the most stable complex is ( iii ).
![\[\left( i \right)\text{ }{{[Cr{{({{H}_{2}}O)}_{6}}]}^{3+}}\left( ii \right)\text{ }{{[Fe{{({{H}_{2}}O)}_{6}}]}^{2+}}\left( iii \right)\text{ }{{[Zn{{({{H}_{2}}O)}_{6}}]}^{2+}}\]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-a172782a885937508308ebe32dd3d3ec_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
(iii) The answer is 3. The given complex [ Co( NH3)6 ]Cl2 ionizes to give three ions, viz one [ Co( NH3)6] + and two Cl – ions.
Magnetic moment is calculated by the formula: ν=[n(n+2)]1/2 For value n = 1, ν=[1(1+2)]1/2= (3)1/2 = 1.732 For value n = 2, ν=[2(2+2)]1/2= (8)1/2 = 2.83 For value n = 3, ν=[3(3+2)]1/2 =...
(i) Role in analytical chemistry:Determination of hardness of the water. (ii) Complexes are generated during the extraction of metals from ores, and they play a role in metallurgy and...
(i) Role in biological systems: There are various essential coordination compounds in the bodies of animals, such as hemoglobin, which is an iron coordination compound. In plants, chlorophyll...
In many ways, the properties of elements of heavier transition elements differ from those of the first transition series. (a) The elements of the first transition series form low-spin or high-spin...
The metal-ligand bond becomes more stable when a polydentate or bidentate ligand attaches to a metal ion in such a way that it takes on the structure of a ring. Chelate rings are the name for these...
![\[{{[\mathbf{Ti}{{({{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{2}}}\mathbf{O})}_{\mathbf{6}}}]}^{\mathbf{3}+}}~\]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-a69eb6951f610e97c75cb1f3a64bd20f_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
The degree/level of association among the species involved in a state of equilibrium determines the stability of a coordination molecule in a solution. The formation constant or stability constant...
In each of the three transition series, generally the first ionisation enthalpy increases from left to right. However, there are some exceptions. The first ionisation enthalpies of the third...
![\[\left( i \right)\text{ }[CrC{{l}_{3}}{{\left( py \right)}_{3}}]\left( ii \right)\text{ }Cs[FeC{{l}_{4}}]\left( iii \right)\text{ }{{K}_{4}}[Mn{{\left( CN \right)}_{6}}]\]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-94b27372566420147b9890b0383935a6_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
(i) In the 1st, 2nd and 3rd transition series, the 3d, 4d, and 5d orbitals are filled with electrons respectively. We know that elements in the same group generally have similar electronic...
n = 0.Thus, Magnetic moment = 0
The metal-carbon bond in metal carbonyls has both the and bond characteristics. The carbonyl carbon donates a lone pair of electrons to the metal's vacant orbital, forming a connection. The filled d...