The chemical in question is glucose pentaacetate. The presence of a free –C=O group in glucose indicates the presence of a free carbonyl group, as does the synthesis of oxime from glucose. Because...
Because vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, any excess is eliminated from the body on a regular basis. Vitamin C cannot be stored in the body, thus it must be consumed on a regular basis.
Sucrose's aqueous solution is dextrorotatory, rotating plane-polarized light entering the solution 66.5 degrees to the right. When sucrose is hydrolyzed with dilute acids or invertase enzyme, two...
An amino acid has both a –NH2 and a –COOH group. The –COOH group loses a proton [H]+ in aqueous solution of the amino acid, while the –NH2 acquires a proton to create a zwitterion, which is a...
Glycylalanine is formed when the hydroxyl group of glycine is bonded to the amine group of alanine via a peptide (-CONH) linkage.
Hydrogen bonds and other intermolecular interactions connect the amino acid residues in proteins. The hydrogen bonds are disrupted when a physical or chemical change occurs, and the native protein...
Biocatalysts are enzymes. By providing an alternative approach, they lower the magnitude of activation energy. The enzyme sucrase lowers the activation energy of sucrose hydrolysis from 6.22 kJ...
Bromine water can be used to treat glucose, which results in the carboxylic acid gluconic acid, which verifies the presence of an aldehyde group.
Option (i) is correct Teflon is a chemically inert and thermally stable material that is used to make nonstick cookware.
Option (i) is correct During polymerisation, extensive cross linking results in the creation of a three-dimensional network that is rigid, insoluble, and infusible.
Option (v) is correct Natural rubber is made up of isoprene molecules, while neoprene, a synthetic rubber, is made up of chloroprene polymers.
Option (ii) is correct Polyamides, such as nylon, are the most often used fibres. Because of the strong intermolecular hydrogen connection, they have a high tensile strength.
Option (i) is correct Polymerization of olefins like ethene results in polymers like polythene.
Option (iv) is correct Enzymatic hydrolysis and environmental oxidation do not destroy the majority of synthetic polymers. Toxic characteristics are not produced via polymerization.
Option (ii) is correct. Rayon is a semi-synthetic polymer that is a better alternative than cotton because acetylation improves the characteristics of cellulose after processing.
(i) is d (ii) is a (iii) is b (iv) is e (v) is c
(i) is f (ii) is e (iii) is a (iv) is c (v) is b (vi) is d
(i) is b (ii) is d (iii) is a (iv) is d (v) is c
(i) is d (ii) is a (iii) is b
(i) is d (ii) is e (iii) is a (iv) is f (v) is b (vi) is c
(i) is b (ii) is c (iii) is a (iv) is e (v) is d
(i) is c (ii) is a (iii) is b (iv) is e (v) is d
(i) is e (ii) is c (iii) is a (iv) is b (v) is d
Pure monomers are employed instead of polymerization through the free radical pathway because even little impurities serve as inhibitors, causing the chain reaction to abruptly stop and short length...
Proteins and synthetic polyamides share certain structural similarities. Polyamides, such as Nylon, are made up of Glycine and aminocaproic acid molecules linked together by an amide bond. A similar...
In laminated sheets, urea-formaldehyde resin is utilised. The monomeric components used to make laminated sheets are urea and formaldehyde.
Intermolecular H –bonding exists between the two terminal groups –C=O and –NH, allowing one Nylon molecule to join another. Because intermolecular H –bonding is relatively strong, it can result in...
By providing chain initiation, benzoyl peroxide functions as an initiator in free radical addition polymerisation of alkenes. The generated radical reacts with the carbon-carbon double bond of an...
HDP stands for high-density polymer with a linear structure, whereas LDP stands for low-density polymer with a branching structure. HDP has a greater melting point and is chemically inert, whereas...
The polymer may be stretched by applying force due to the presence of these weak forces. When the external force is released, the polymer recovers to its original condition, showing elastic...
Cross-linking is used to increase these physical qualities by assisting in the binding of its planar polymer sheets, therefore improving elastomeric properties and thermal stability.
The two starting monomers for this Resin intermediate are melamine and formaldehyde. Melamine polymer is the result of their condensed polymerization.
Proteins, nucleic acids, and starch are all examples of step-growth polymers. Condensation polymers are step growth polymers. The loss of a simple molecule allows monomers with bifunctional or...
The enzyme functions as a catalyst, speeding up biological processes. Proteins make up their structure. Proteins are polymers made up of monomeric units called amino acids. As a result, enzymes are...
Rubber may be stretched by applying force and then returned to its original shape once the force is removed. As a result, they are referred to as elastomers.
This is polyisoprene or natural rubber. This polymer's monomeric unit is 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene.
This is a network or cross-linked polymer. Cross-linking connects two linear polymers.
In this illustration, a chain-growth polymerization process combines two monomers to produce a polymer. Only monomers react with each other to keep the chain expanding.
In this polymer chain, the monomers A' and 'B' are randomly linked. As an example, this is a copolymer. A When a mixture of two or more unsaturated monomers reacts, a copolymer is formed.
The monomer in this case is –A-. This polymer is a homopolymer since the same or same monomer is repeated to make it.
The structure of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene is Rubber vulcanization is the term for this procedure. Sulphur works as a crosslinking agent in this case, stiffening the rubber and giving it better...
Option (i) and (iv) are the answers. Rubber becomes more elastic and rigid after vulcanization. Sulphur produces cross connections at the reactive locations of double bonds or at their reactive...
Option (i), (ii) and (iv) are the answers. The vinylic monomer units of acrilan, polystyrene, and teflon are as follows:
Option (i) and (iv) are the answers. Nylon and polyester are thread-forming fibres with a high melting point and tensile strength. Intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding are strong.
Option (i) and (iii) are the answers. Polychloroprene and Buna-N are examples of a synthetic rubber
Option (i) and (ii) are the answers. Biodegradable polymers are those that are quickly degraded and are not hazardous to the environment.
Option (i) and (iv) are the answers. Bakelite is a phenol and formaldehyde condensation polymer. Melamine formaldehyde resin is a melamine (2, 4, 6-triamino-1, 3, 5-triazine) and formaldehyde...
Option (iii) and (iv) are the answers. The addition polymers Orion and polystyrene are produced by polymerizing CH2 = CH – CN (acrylonitrile) and C6H5 – CH = CH2 styrene, respectively.
Option (iii) and (iv) are the answers. Because of strong intermolecular interactions such as H-bonding, nylon and terylene are employed as fibres, resulting in tight chain packing and therefore...
Option (i) and (iv) are the answers. Teflon and polystyrene are thermoplastics because they can be melted and moulded anew.
Option (i) and (iii) are the answers. Thermosetting polymers have a lot of branching cross links. They can't be used again since they don't melt when heated and can't be remoulded.
Option (ii) and (iii) are the answers. (b) (c)
Option (iv) is the answer. Nylon -6 is a polymer made from caprolactam polymerization.
Option (i) is the answer.
Option (ii) is the answer. Low density polythene is a strong yet flexible (not too flexible) material with a weak electrical conductivity. Its structure is extremely branching.
Option (i) is the answer. Condensation polymerization of ethylene glycol and phthalic acid with the removal of the water molecule yields the given polymer.
Option (C) is the answer. Biodegradable polymers are materials whose chemical and physical properties deteriorate and disintegrate entirely when exposed to microorganisms, aerobic, and anaerobic...
Option (ii) is the answer.
Option (i) is the answer M-polyisoprene is a polymer that comes from nature.
Option (iv) is the answer. Glycogen is a glucose polymer present in animal livers, brains, and muscles. Amylase and amylopectin are structural components of starch, while cellulose is a polymer...
(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
The correct answer is a) $ \frac{4 \pi d}{\lambda}\left(1-\frac{1}{n^{2}} \sin ^{2} \theta\right)^{1 / 2}+\pi $ Explanation: When a slab of glass is put in air, the wave reflected from the upper...
When the angle of incidence is equal to the Brewster's angle, polarised light is transmitted and plane-polarized light is reflected. The equation is as follows: $ \tan...
Given wave amplitude in perpendicular polarisation $ A_{\perp}=A_{\perp}^{0}(\sin (k x-\omega t)+\sin (k x-\omega t+\phi)) $ wave amplitude in parallel polarisation $ A_{\|}=A_{\|}^{0}(\sin (k...
According to the question, $ \begin{array}{l} \Delta x=2 d \sin \theta+(\mu-1) L \\ \sin \theta 0=-1 / 16 \end{array} $ From central maxima, $O P=-D / 16$ $ \sin \theta_{1}=\frac{\pm \lambda / 2-d /...
. If 
= 
, it’s de Broglie wavelength at time t is given bya) 
b) 
c) 
d ) 
The correct answer is c)$ \frac{\lambda_{0}}{\sqrt{1+\frac{e^{2} E_{0}^{2} t^{2}}{m^{2} v_{0}^{2}}}} $ The de Broglie equation h=mv describes the relationship between a moving particle's momentum...
It’s de Broglie wavelength at time t is given bya) 
b) 
c) d) 
The correct answer is a) $\frac{\lambda_{0}}{1+\frac{e E_{0}}{m} \frac{t}{v_{0}}}$ The wave associated with moving particle is called matter wave or de-Broglie wave and it propagates in the form of...
Given, M = 2000 kg helicopter mass m = 500 kg m = 500 kg m = 500 kg m = 500 kg m = 500 kg m = 500 kg Helicopter acceleration with crew and passengers = 15 m/s2 a) Force exerted by the crew and...
a) As the box starts to slide down the plane, $\mu=\tan \theta$ $ \theta=\tan ^{-1}(\mu) $ b) If $a>\theta$, the angle of inclination will be the angle of repose and the net force acting will be...
Because the point is at rest with a = 0, the resulting forces on the point are zero. As a result, the X and Y axis net components will be zero. It's difficult to resolve all of the forces along the...
a) $\frac{1}{2} v_{z}^{2}=g H \Rightarrow v_{z}=\sqrt{2 g H}$ Speed at ground is given as: $\sqrt{v_{s}^{2}+v_{z}^{2}}=\sqrt{v_{s}^{2}+2 g H}$ b)$\frac{1}{2} m v_{s}^{2}+m g H$ is the total energy...
a) show that the trajectory is an ellipse b) show that 
a) $ \begin{array}{l} r(t)=\hat{i} A \operatorname{coswt}+\hat{j} B \sin \omega t \\ x=A \cos \omega t \\ y=B \sin \omega t \\ x / A=\cos \omega t \\ y / B=\sin \omega t \end{array} $ Squaring both...
Time taken from $A$ to $B$ to $C$ $\mathrm{S} 1=$ length $\mathrm{pf}$ path $=3 / 42 \pi(2 \mathrm{R})=300 \pi \mathrm{m}$ $\mathrm{V} 1=$ speed(maximum) along the circular path of the car $...
For graph a) $ \begin{array}{l} v_{x}=2 t \text { for } 0<t<1 s \\ a_{x}=2 / 1 \text { for } 0<t<1 s \\ v_{x}=2(2-t) \text { for } 1<t<2 s \\ a_{x}=-2 / 1=-2 \text { for }...
The inclined plane angle is $45^{\circ}$ such that $ \begin{array}{l} u=0 \\ s=s \\ t=T \\ a=g \sin 45^{\circ}=g / \sqrt{2} \\ s=u t+1 / 2 a t^{2} \\ s=g T^{2} / 2 \sqrt{2} \end{array} $ $...
a) The body's acceleration is zero because the resultant force of the three forces F1, F2, and F3 on a location on the body is zero. The directions of forces F1 and F2 are in the plane of the paper,...
a = 2 m/s2 is the rising acceleration of an elevator. Gravitational acceleration, g = 10 m/s2 As a result, the net effective acceleration, a' = (a + g) = 12 m/s2, is calculated. In light of the...
For graph a) $ \begin{array}{l} v_{x}=d x / d t=2 / 2=1 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s} \\ a_{x}=d^{2} x / d t^{2}=d v_{x} / d t=0 \end{array} $ For graph b) $ \begin{array}{l} y=t^{2} \\ v_{y}=d y / d t=2...
The ball's horizontal speed is = u m/s. The vertical component is equal to zero. Considering the ball's vertical downward motion $ \begin{array}{l} u=0 \\ s=h=500 \mathrm{~m} \\ g=10 \mathrm{~s} /...
F is the force exerted by the finger on a body of mass M that is resting on the wall. Using the balanced state as a starting point, $ \begin{array}{l} \mathrm{F}=\mathrm{N} \\ \mathrm{f}=\mathrm{Mg}...
Equilibrium between $A$ or $B$, Then we know that, $\mathrm{mg} \sin 30^{\circ}=\mathrm{F}$ $ \begin{array}{l} 1 / 2 \mathrm{mg}=\mathrm{F} \\ \mathrm{F}=(1 / 2)(100)=50 \end{array} $ Therefore,...
The acceleration of the whole system is, $\mathrm{a}=2 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s} 2$ $ \begin{array}{l} \mathrm{m} 1=5 \mathrm{~kg} \\ \mathrm{~m} 2=3 \mathrm{~kg} \\ \mathrm{~g}=9.8 \mathrm{~m} /...
The thread CD breaks when the lower thread is jerked. The thread is inertia at rest, and the mass 2 kg above acts on it.
As the mass 2 kg acts downward, the force acting on the thread AB is equal to the force F. As a result, the force exerted on the AB is 2 kg more than on the D, and the thread AB breaks.
Because the force of friction is strong, which decreases the risks of sliding, mountain roads are typically built curving uphill rather than straight up. The value of frictional force increases when...
a) Mass of the object, $\mathrm{m}=500 \mathrm{~g}=0.5 \mathrm{~kg}$ $ u=0 $ $ \mathrm{v}=25 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s} $ Impulse is given as: $ \underset{F}{\vec{F}} \cdot d t=\frac{d \rightarrow}{d...
When a kid falls on a hard cement floor, the child feels more pain than when the child falls on soft muddy ground in the yard, since the time it takes the child to stop on the cemented ground is...
Because porcelain artefacts are delicate, they are wrapped in paper or straw before being packed for shipment. When the acceleration (v – u)/t drops while carrying these items, the shift in velocity...
F1 is the force exerted on the heavy box, which is equal to F1 and is resisted by the lesser frictional force f1. F = Fs, which is the maximum static frictional force, is required for the box to...
Find the momentum and the force acting on it at time t = 2 sec.m=2kg $ \underset{v}{\rightarrow}(t)=2 t \hat{i}+t^{2} \hat{j} $ $ \vec{v} \text { at } 2 \mathrm{sec}, \underset{v}{\vec{v}}(2 t)=2(2 t) \hat{i} 2^{2} \hat{j}, v(2)=4 \hat{i}+4 \hat{j} $ $ \text {...
Because the rate of reaction of compound ‘A' (C4H9Br) with aqueous KOH is solely determined by the concentration of compound ‘A,' the reaction happens via the SN1 mechanism, and product ‘A' is...
(i)A main halide is 1-bromobut-2-ene. (ii) Bromine is linked to the secondary carbon atom in 4-Bromopent-2-ene, making it a secondary halide. (iii) Bromine is linked to the tertiary carbon atom in...
Because electron density is higher at ortho and para locations, the functional groups contained in these compounds are ortho-para directed.
Because energy is required to overcome the attractions between the haloalkane molecules as well as to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules, haloalkanes are only weakly soluble in water.
The molecule (B) will be the reaction's main product. This addition reaction is carried out according to Markovnikoff's rule, in which the hydrogen from the hydrogen halide is added to the carbon...
Br2 gas is produced when NaBr and H2SO4 are combined. Because of the stable molecule created as a result of resonance stabilisation, molecule (b) will not react with Br2 gas.
Electrophilic substitution can be used to make aryl bromides and chlorides from arenes. In the absence of light, this reaction is carried out by treating the arene with chlorine or bromine in the...
This is due to the aryl ring's resonance stabilisation. There will be a conjugation of chlorine electrons with the electrons in the ring in the case of C6H5-Cl. The partial double bond nature of the...
Iodoform has a significant antibacterial activity due to the release of free iodine.
In an SN1 reaction with the OH- ion, C6H5— CH2— Cl will react quicker. This is owing to the carbocation's stability in the compound. The C6H5 group is already stable owing to resonance, and the CH2...
Because the symmetry of p-dibromobenzene allows the molecule to fit better in a crystal lattice, it has a higher melting point. As a result, breaking the bonds between the molecules needs a greater...
Arenes' iodination can be reversed due to the production of HI. An oxidising agent, such as HNO3 or HIO4, oxidises HI to speed up the process and stabilise the result.
Option (ii) and (iii) are the answers. Heating an alkyl chloride or bromide in the presence of a metallic fluoride such as AgF, FIg2F2, CoF2, or SbF3 results in the production of alkyl fluorides....
Option (i) and (ii) are the answers (i) $R-\mathrm{OH} \stackrel{\mathrm{HCl}+\mathrm{ZnCl}}{\longrightarrow} R-\mathrm{Cl}_{2}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ (ii) $R-\mathrm{OH}...
Option (i) and (iv) are the answers. Because the halogen atom is directly linked to the aromatic ring in compounds (i) and (iv), these compounds are classed as aryl halides.
Option (i) and (iii) are the answers. Secondary bromides are those in which the -carbone (bromine-bound carbon) is further attached to two alkyl groups. The -carbon in compounds (i) and (iii) is...
Option (i) and (iii) are the answers. Dihalides with two halogen atoms linked to the same carbon atom are known as gem-dihalides. Gem-dihalides are formed when two halogen atoms are present on the...
Option (i) and (iii) are the answers. They give ethyne on treatment with alcoholic $\mathrm{KOH}$. $ \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CHCl}_{2} \underset{\mathrm{KOH}}{\stackrel{\text { alc....
Option (i) and (iv) are the answers. Halogen atoms are linked to the sp3 hybridised carbon atom of the alkyl group in each of these molecules.
Option (i) and (iii) are the answers. The SN1 mechanism is used in the given reaction. The production of carbocation is a gradual process in the SN1 mechanism. As a result, the pace of reaction is...
Option (i) and (iv) are the answers. Because it is a tertiary halide, it undergoes the SN1 process, resulting in the formation of a carbocation as an intermediate.
Option (i) and (iv) are the answers. Intermediate (iii) is unstable in the above reaction because the carbon atom is linked to 5 atoms and is less stable than reactant (ii).
Option (i) and (ii) are the answers. Alkyl halide is the main reactant in the given reaction. A transient condition is found here, in which one bond is broken and another is created synchronously,...
Option (i) and (iii) are the answers. Nucleophiles are HO and CF. The C atom is sp2 hybridised in (iii) due to the simultaneous creation of the C – OH bond and the breakdown of the C – Cl link. As a...
Option (iv) is the answer Reason: As the molecular mass of the alkyl halide grows, the boiling point rises.
Option (i) is the answer. Explanation: The larger the surface area, the stronger the intermolecular forces of attraction and, as a result, the higher the boiling point. For comparable types of alkyl...
Option (iii) is the answer. The amount of electron releasing groups increases the reactivity of aryl halides; the fewer the electron releasing groups, the slower the rate of nucleophilic...
Option (iv) is the answer. Electron withdrawing groups boost aryl halide reactivity; the higher the number of electron withdrawing groups, the higher the rate of nucleophilic substitution.
Option (iv) is the answer. The presence of an electron-releasing group in the ortho or para locations slows down nucleophilic substitution.
Option (iii) is the answer. Nucleophilic substitution is facilitated by the presence of an electron withdrawing group (-NO2) in the ortho and para positions. At meta position, the presence of an...
Option (i) is the answer. At least one chiral carbon must be present in the molecule to display racemic mixing. Chiral carbon is an asymmetric carbon that is linked to four distinct sorts of atoms...
Option (ii) is the answer. The chiral carbon, which is $sp_3$ hybridised carbon attached to four distinct substituents, is known as asymmetric carbon. Because (b) and (c) are $sp_3$ hybridised, they...
Option (i) is the answer. The $S_N$ 1 mechanism operates in watery media. As a result of this reaction, a stable carbocation forms as an intermediate.
Chiral molecules are those that lack a plane of symmetry as well as a centre of symmetry.. It is a chiral molecule because it lacks the plane of symmetry and the centre of symmetry. Option (i) is...
Option (iii) is the answer. After reacting with $NH_3$ and chloromethane, methanamine is formed.
Option (d) is the answer. In the presence of iron and in the absence of light, toluene reacts with chlorine to produce a mixture of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene and 1-chloro-4-methylbenzene. The methyl...
Option (ii) is the answer. Diethylbromomethane's proper IUPAC designation is 3 - Bromopentane. $C_5H_{11}Br$ is the chemical formula for it.
Option (iii) is the answer. correct IUPAC name for given compound is 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane
Option (iv) is the answer. SN1 reactions occur mostly in polar protic solvents such as H2O and follow first-order kinetics. This indicates that the reaction rate is solely determined by one...
Option (ii) is the answer. Primary alkyl halides undergo SN2 mechanisms because 1∘ substrates have little steric hindrance to nucleophilic attack and 1∘ carbocations are relatively unstable....
The solution is option (iii). The addition of HCl across the double bond follows the Markovnikov rule in the aforementioned reaction. The negative portion of the addition molecule is linked to the...
Option (ii) is the answer. A gem-dihalide is ethylidene chloride. A compound with two halogen atoms on the same carbon atom is known as Gem Dihalide.
. Which of the following species attacks the benzene ring in this reaction? (i) Cl– (ii) Cl+ (iii) (iv) [AlCl4]–Option (ii) is the answer. Chlorobenzene is formed by the reaction of chlorine with benzene in the presence of AlCl3. Cl+ attacks the benzene ring in this reaction.
Optuion (i) is the answer. A) Allyl : $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CHC}(\mathrm{Br})\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2}$ B) Aryl: $\mathrm{p}-\mathrm{ClC}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{CH}_{2}...
Option (ii) is the answer. Vicinal dihalides are formed when a halogen reacts with an alkene to form compounds with halogen on neighbouring carbons. In terms of yearly output, 1, 2- dichloroethane...
Option (i) is the answer. Enantiomers are a pair of molecules that are mirror copies of one another.
Option (ii) is the answer. Asymmetric carbon atoms are those that have four distinct groups or atoms connected to them. The compounds a,b,c satisfy this criterion, thus B is the right answer.
Option (iii) is the answer. The boiling point of an alkyl halide falls as the branching rises. As a result, tert butyl bromide has the lowest boiling point while n butyl bromide has the greatest...
Option (i) is the answer. Reason:The density of a substance is exactly proportional to its molar mass at constant volume.
Option (i) is the answer. Mono-chlorinated isomeric products of Cl 2/UV light free radical substitution
Option (i) is the answer. Metal–halogen exchange is a basic reaction in organometallic chemistry that transforms an organic halide into an organometallic product. Electropositive metals (Li, Na, Mg)...
Option (ii) is the answer. In the presence of Iron(III) chloride, toluene interacts with halogen to produce ortho and para halo compounds in an electrophilic substitution process. The Cl atom...
Option (i) is the answer.
Option (iv) is the answer. If any alkyl halide forms a more stable carbocation at room temperature, the result is a more stable and efficient product. The formation of a $3^0$ carbocation as an...
Option (ii) is the answer. Alcohol reactivity towards halogen acids diminishes in the following order: (C) > (B) > (A) Because tertiary carbocation is the most stable of the three, it is...
Option (ii) and (iii) are the answers. Benzylic alcohols, as we all know, are molecules with an alcohol functional group on a carbon atom that is directly linked to the Benzene ring. Because the –OH...
Option (i) and (iii) are the answers. Phenols react with FeCl3 to create a colourful Fe3+ ion complex. Depending on the structure of the phenol examined, the hue ranges from purple to orange....
Option (i), (iii) and (iv) are the answers. Primary alcohols can be oxidised to aldehydes using CrO3 in an anhydrous media. CrO3 serves as an oxidizer in this situation. As a result, option I is the...
Option (A), (B) and (C) are correct Diazonium salt is produced when aniline is treated with NaNO2 + HCl. The Diazonium salts are then hydrolyzed to Phenols by heating them with water. As a result,...
Option (i), (ii) and (iii) are the answers. In the presence of a catalyst such as Pd, Pt, or Ni, aldehydes can be transformed to their corresponding alcohols by hydrogen. Lithium aluminium hydride...
Option (i) is the answer As the moleculer mass of the alcohol grows, the boiling point rises. Furthermore, $1^0$ alcohols have greater boiling points than $2^0$ alcohols among isomeric alcohols.
Option (iii) is the answer. It's a nucleophilic substitution process that uses the $SN_1$ mechanism. The stability of the carbocation is required for the $SN_1$ mechanism to work. The presence of an...
Option (ii) is the answer. The sequence of decreasing acid strength is b>d>a>c>e, with p-nitrophenol being the most acidic and p-methoxy phenol being the least acidic. The acidity is...
Option (iv) is the answer. Alcohols have a lower acidity level than phenol. Furthermore, electron-withdrawing groups make phenols more acidic, therefore m-chlorophenol is the most acidic.
Option (ii) is the answer. Because electron withdrawing $-NO_2$ groups enhance the acidity of phenols, while electron donating groups ($-CH_3$,$-OCH_3$) lower the acidity of phenols, phenol is less...
Option (i) is the answer Because phenols are more acidic than alcohols, they will react with a sodium hydroxide solution in water.
Option (ii) is the answer. The conjugate base of the weakest acid is the strongest. Because R OH is the weakest acid, $RO^-$ is the most powerful base.
Option (iii) is the answer. 2methoxypropane is the IUPAC name for the compound.
Given, \[f\left( x \right)\text{ }=\text{ }tan1\left( sin\text{ }x\text{ }+\text{ }cos\text{ }x \right)\text{ }in\text{ }\left( 0,\text{ }\pi /4 \right).\] DIFFERENTIATING the two sides w.r.t. x, we...
Option (i) is the answer. Because OH has a greater priority, its position on the benzene ring is number one, and the methyl group with locant number three is meta to it. 3-Methylphenol will be its...
Option (iii) is the answer. We begin by choosing the longest carbon chain in the supplied organic molecule, as defined by IUPAC nomenclature. We use hexane because the longest carbon chain has six...
Option (iii) is the answer. Aromatic alcohols are those in which the -OH group is not directly connected to the benzene ring. As a result, option C is accurate.
Option (ii) is the answer. Since the $X^-$ group is replaced by the $OH^-$ group, the process of turning alkyl halides into alcohols may be written as: R−X→R−OH. This is a nucleophilic substitution...
Option (iii) is the answer. Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), a combination of chromium trioxide, pyridine, and HCl, produces a high yield of aldehydes while preventing carboxylic acid oxidation....
Option (iii) is the answer. The Lucas reagent is a combination of concentrated HCl and dry anhydrous $ZnCl_2$, and the reaction is known as the Lucas test. It's used to figure out whether a...
Option (i) is the answer. Alcohols with the chemical formula $C_4H_{10}O$ can have a variety of structures. A similar chemical formula may be used to make a total of four alcohols. Butan-1-ol,...
Option (iv) is the answer. Explanation: In the presence of light, halogenation follows the free radical pathway, and therefore reacts with the alkyl group to produce halo alkyl. In the presence of...
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from the question, f(x) = \[{{\mathbf{x}}^{\mathbf{3}}}~+\text{ }\mathbf{3}{{\mathbf{x}}^{\mathbf{2}}}~\text{ }\mathbf{12x}\text{ }+\text{ }\mathbf{4}\] is divided by \[\mathbf{x}\text{ }\text{...
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Given \[{{\mathbf{a}}_{\mathbf{1}}},\text{ }{{\mathbf{a}}_{\mathbf{2}}},\text{ }{{\mathbf{a}}_{\mathbf{3}}},\text{ }\ldots .,\text{ }{{\mathbf{a}}_{\mathbf{n}}}~\] is an arithmetic progression with...
Glycerol, commonly known as glycerin, is a triol molecule found in both plant and animal lipids. It's a substance that's utilised in dermatological treatments. It has mostly been utilised as a...
(A)The compound's IUPAC name is 3-Ethyl-5-methyl hexane-2,4-diol. (B) The compound's IUPAC name is 1-Methoxy-3-nitrocyclohexane
The compound's IUPAC name is 3-Methylpent-2-ene-1,2-diol. In the structure shown, the longest carbon atom chain is 5. Except for one double bond between C2 and C3 atoms, all carbon atom bonds are...
The following factors influence the solubility of alcohols in water: (i)Hydrogen bonding (ii)The size of the alkyl or aryl groups is the second factor to consider. (iii)The molecular mass of...
Alcohols used for drinking are rendered unsuitable for human consumption by combining them with copper sulphate and pyridine, which give the liquid a yellow colour and a terrible odour,...
The oxidation of secondary alcohol into a ketone is seen in the chemical process above. Using oxidising agents such as chromic anhydride (CrO3), Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), and others, this is...
Because of the presence of chlorine, which is an electron-withdrawing group, 2-chloroethanol is more acidic. The electron density in the –O-H bond decreases as a result of the negative inductive...
As reagents, PCC or Pyridinium chlorochromate might be employed. The oxidation of primary alcohol to an aldehyde is seen in the diagram above.
For the afore mentioned reaction, acidified KMnO4 might be employed as a reagent. The oxidation of primary alcohol to a carboxylic acid is seen in the diagram above.
O-nitrophenol is more volatile due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the NO2 and OH groups.
In ortho-nitrophenol, there is an electron-withdrawing group NO2 in the ortho position, which increases the acidic strength and makes it more acidic. There is an electron releasing group in o-cresol...
2,4,6-tribromophenol is the name of the chemical produced in this process. The compound's structure is as follows:
o-cresol < Phenol < o-nitrophenol. NO2 o-nitrophenol becomes more acidic due to the presence of the electron-withdrawing group. The electron-releasing group in remaining reduces the acidic...
The following is a list of sodium metal's reactivity to alcohols in decreasing order: Primary alcohols are followed by secondary alcohols and finally tertiary alcohols. Because of two factors,...
When benzene diazonium chloride is heated with water, it produces phenol as well as nitrogen gas and hydrochloric acid as by-products.
The acidity of the following substances is listed in decreasing order: H2O > ROH > HC ≡ CH Because the carbon atoms here are sp hybridised, the electron density on the carbon atom is greater,...
The enzymes involved in the fermentation of sucrose to produce ethanol are known as invertase and zymase. Sucrose is converted to glucose and fructose by invertase. The glucose and fructose are then...
Propane-2-one is hydrolyzed after being treated with CH3MgBr in the presence of dry ether (Grignard reagent).
Because Butan-2-ol possesses a chiral carbon atom, it is the only one that displays optical activity.
The phenol –OH group is immediately linked to the benzene ring's sp2hybridized carbon atom. The carbon-oxygen bond length in phenol is shorter than that in alkyl alcohol, which is related to the...
The ortho- and para-positions of the benzene ring become electron-rich as a result of the resonance, activating it for electrophilic substitution reactions. As a result, nucleophilic substitution...
Step 1: Alkene protonation and production of a carbocation Step 2: Water's nucleophilic assault Step 3: Deprotonation occurs, resulting in the formation of alcohol. H30+ is now...
The dipole moments of the two C=O bonds are exactly equal and opposite, making O=C=O nonpolar. As a result, they cancel each other out, resulting in a net dipole moment of zero for O=C=O. Because...
This is due to the alkyl group's steric barrier and the carbocation's stability. Because the 1° carbocation is the least stable, primary alcohol has no reaction at ambient temperature. At ambient...
Acetylsalicylic acid is another name for aspirin. The phenoxide ion is created by treating phenol with NaOH. The phenoxide ion is subsequently electrophilically substituted with CO2 to produce...
The presence of the hydroxyl group in phenol causes it to be more nitrated. The ortho- and para-positions in the benzene ring become electron-rich due to the resonance effect induced by the –OH...
Because phenoxide ion is more reactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution than phenol, phenoxide ion is treated with carbon dioxide (a weak electrophile) in Kolbe's process.
The dipole moment of phenol is smaller than that of methanol due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the phenyl ring. Due to the resonance, the polarity of the C-O bond in phenol decreases.
Williamson synthesis, in which an alkyl halide is reacted with sodium alkoxide, can be used to make ethers. This technique cannot be used to make di-tert-butyl ether because elimination takes...
Due to repulsion between the unshared pair of electrons or the lone pair of electrons on the oxygen atom, the C—O—H bond angle in alcohols is somewhat smaller than the tetrahedral angle.
This is due to the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between alcohol molecules due to the presence of the OH group. The impact of the polar character of the –OH group of alcohol is...
Because of the presence of an electron-withdrawing group, the -NO2 group, which improves the acidic strength of the molecule by stabilising the phenoxide ion, para-nitrophenol is more acidic than...