Solution:
- Epicotyl and hypocotyl
| Epicotyl | Hypocotyl |
| Here the region of the embryo is above the cotyledon. | Here the region of the embryo is below the cotyledon. |
| Epicotyl terminates from the plumule. | Hypocotyl terminates at the cotyledonary node. |
| Starts from the cotyledonary node. | Starts from the radicle. |
| Develops into the upper part (which bears leaves, flowers, and fruit) of the stem. | Develops into the first part of the stem that develops into roots. |
| Elongates in epigeal germination. | Elongates in hypogeal germination. |
- Coleoptile and coleorhiza
| Coleoptile | Coleorhiza |
| Coleoptile is a protective sheath. | Coleorhiza is an undifferentiated sheath. |
| It is a sheath protecting young shoot tips in cereals or grass. | It is a Sheath that protects the roots of germinating grass or cereal grains. |
| Comes out of the soil and then turns into green outside. | Remains inside the soil. |
| It covers the plumule. | It covers the root cap and radical. |
| It grows by breaking the seed coat. | The growth is stopped after breaking the seed coat. |
- Integument and Testa
| Integument | Testa |
| Covers the ovule. | The outer covering of the seed. |
| The cells are living in Integument. | The cells are dead in Testa |
| Pre-fertilized structure. | Post fertilized structure. |
| Sclereids are absent. | Sclereids are present. |
| One or two-layered. | One layered. |
- Perisperm and pericarp
| Perisperm | Pericarp |
| Part of a seed. | Part of a fruit. |
| Usually, dry. | Dry or fleshy. |
| Present in only a few seeds. | Found in all the fruits. |
| Non-functional in the seed. | Protects the fruit and also helps in the nutrition and dispersal of the fruit. |