Solution: The diffusion between all the following sets are-
a) Diffusion and Osmosis
| Diffusion | Osmosis |
| It is a form of passive transport in which a chemical moves from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. | Osmosis is a sort of diffusion in which substances pass across a semi-permeable membrane to be separated. |
| It can be found in any medium. | Only occurs in a liquid medium. |
| It is not necessary to use a semi-permeable membrane. | Membrane that is semi-permeable is required. |
| Turgor pressure has no effect. | It is hampered by the system’s turgor pressure. |
b) Transpiration and Evaporation
| Transpiration | Evaporation |
| It occurs in plants. | It can be found on any open surface. |
| It’s a physiological response. | It’s a physical process. |
| Slower phenomena | In comparison to other processes, it is a quick one. |
| It takes occur on the plant’s exposed surface. | It occurs on the surfaces of non-living substances. |
| pH, CO2, and hormones all have an impact. | pH, CO2, and hormones have little effect on evaporation. |
c) Osmotic Pressure and Osmotic Potential
| Osmotic pressure | Osmotic potential |
| It is developed by the entry of water into an osmotic system | Osmotic potential is lowering of free energy of water in a system due to the presence of solute particles. |
| It is developed only in a confined system | It is present in both confined and open systems. |
| Its value is positive and expressed in bars | Its value is negative and expressed in bars |
d) Imbibition and Diffusion
| Imbibition | Diffusion |
| Imbibition is the process of solid particles absorbing water without producing a solution. | Substance movement from a high-concentration area to a lower-concentration area. |
| It is faster. | It is slower. |
| During imbibition, heat is released. | During diffusion, no heat is released. |
| Adsorbent present | Adsorbent absent |
| As the imbibant swells up, the volume changes. | There are no changes in the substance’s volume. |
e) Apoplast and Symplast pathways of movement of water in plants
| Apoplast | Symplast |
| Cell walls and intercellular gaps are examples of nonliving bodily parts. | It is made up of the live portions of a plant’s body. |
| Faster comparitively | It is slower |
| In the movement of water, there is a slight resistance. | Water moving through Symplast encounters some barrier. |
| The apoplast pathway is unaffected by the metabolic condition of the roots. | The metabolic state of the roots have a direct influence on symplast pathway |
f) Guttation and Transpiration
| Guttation | Transpiration |
| Liquid droplet loss from the plant | It is the loss of water in the form of vapour in the plant. |
| It happens through the pores of water. | Lenticels, stomata, and epidermal cells all play a role in this process. |
| The water pore is kept open at all times during guttation. | During transpiration, stomata can be closed or open. |
| This occurs during periods of high humidity. | It takes place when the weather is dry. |