Haryana Board of School Education (HBSE) has been regularly updating the syllabus of all the subjects in Class 12 as it is considered the turning point in a student’s academic career. Sincere and dedicated studies help students to prepare well for the Class 12 Board examinations. Considering this factor, we are providing a detailed summary of HBSE Board Class 12 Physics syllabus in this article.
A comprehensive understanding of the syllabus will surely help students to come up with an effective time-table for the exam and cover all the chapters within a reasonable amount of time. Furthermore, it is important to revise the chapters multiple times before exam to score good marks.
The HBSE Board has distributed the Physics subject into two papers. One is a theoretical paper, while the other is a practical paper.
Paper – I is a theory paper carrying a total of 70 marks with a 3-hour time limit.
Paper – II is a practical paper worth 30 marks.
Haryana Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus
The following table gives the summary of the Physics syllabus for class 12 declared by the HBSE Board for the academic year 2021-22:
Unit I: Electrostatics
Unit I consists of two chapters, and the sub-topics from these chapters are as follows:
- Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields
- Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
The unit electrostatics defines and explains electric charges & their properties, Coulomb’s law –
force between two point charges, continuous charge distribution. Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric dipole moment electric field due to a dipole (on axial and equatorial lines only), torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field. Electric flux, statement of Gauss’s theorem statement ,proof and its applications to find
field due to infinitely long straight wire and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).
Unit II Current Electricity
- Chapter 3: Current Electricity
Unit II has only one chapter current electricity that explains concepts about what is Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, Equivalent resistance, Electric resistance, Ohm’s law, series and parallel combinations of resistors; mobility, Current density, resistivity, the thermal velocity of free electrons, color coding of Carbon Resistors, Ohmic Conductors, Non-ohmic Conductors, Superconductors, Combination of Resistors (In Series and parallel), Grouping of Cells, Primary and secondary Electric Cell, Balanced Wheatstone Bridge, Meter Bridge, Terminal Potential Difference of a Cell, and Potentiometer.
Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
- Chapter 4: Magnetic Effect of Current
- Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter
In unit III of magnetic effects of current and magnetism, the chapters deal with different concepts like Voltmeter, Ammeter, Oersted’s Experiment, Ampere’s Swimming Rule, Maxwell’s Cork Screw Rule, Magnetic Field, Magnetic Field Due to a Straight Current-Carrying Conductor, Biot Savart’s Law, Right Hand Thumb Rule, Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule, Magnetic Dipole, Ampere’s Circuital Law, Solenoid, Toroid, Lorentz Force, Cyclotron – principle and limitations, Current Sensitivity, Voltage Sensitivity. Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic
dipole moment. Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron.
Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
- Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction
- Chapter 7: Alternating Current
Unit IV consists of Electromagnetic Induction (definition), Faraday’s law, induced emf
and current; Lenz’s Law, Coefficient of Self-Induction, Mutual Induction, Coefficient of Mutual Induction and Grouping of Coils. Fleming’s Right-Hand Rule. Furthermore, these chapters give a detailed overview of alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating
current /voltage; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, etc.
Unit V: Electromagnetic Waves
- Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves
The sub-topics for unit V are Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative ideas only). Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses. Analog Signal, Modulation, Demodulation, Radio Waves, Microwave Propagation, Satellite Communication, Remote Sensing, and Optical Fibers, Displacement Current, Ampere-Maxwell Law, Electromagnetic Waves, Electromagnetic Spectrum, Earth’s Atmosphere, Communication.
Unit VI: Optics
- Chapter 9: Ray Optics
- Chapter 10: Wave Optics
The sub-topics for unit VI are Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula lenses, thin lensformula, Magnification, power of a lens, dispersion of light through a prism. Scattering of light – blue colour of the sky and reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset. Optical instruments: Human eye, image formation and accommodation, correction of eye defects (myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia and astigmatism) using lenses. Total internal reflection and its applications, optical fibers, astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their
magnifying powers.
Unit VII: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Important topics of this unit include the Photoelectric effect, Einstein’s photoelectric
equation, Matter waves – wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation, Planck’s idea, Hertz and Lenard’s Experiment, Threshold Frequency, and Wave Function.
Unit VIII Atoms and Nuclei
- Chapter 12: Atoms
- Chapter 13: Nuclei
The unit covers the topics as mentioned: Nucleus, Isotopes, Isobars, Isotones, Isomers, Nuclear Force, Mass Defect, Nuclear Binding Energy, Radioactivity, Nuclear Fission, Nuclear Reactor, and Thermonuclear Energy.
Unit–IX Electronic Devices
- Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices, and Simple Circuits
- Communication Systems
This unit focuses on Semiconductors, Types of Semiconductor, semiconductor diode – I-V, characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier; Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR). Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere, sky and space wave propagation. Need for modulation. Production and detection of an amplitude modulated wave. Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline, Liquid Crystals, Crystal Lattice, Energy Bands of Solids, Thermionic Emission and diode, p-n Junction, Transistor, Light Emitting Diodes (LED).
Practical Syllabus of HBSE Board Class 12 Physics
A list of experiments prescribed by the Haryana Board Physics Class 12 Syllabus 2021 has been provided below. Students are required to maintain a journal/report book to note down their findings in a tabular format with units at the column header for each experiment. They can further draw graphs wherever required, perform the relevant calculations, and arrive at a conclusion at the end of the experiments.
Given below is the list of practicals/experiments:
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Section A: Experiments |
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1. To find the resistance of a given wire using meter bridge and hence determine the specific resistance of its material. |
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2. To determine resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph of potential difference versus current. |
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3. To verify the laws of combination (series/parallel) of resistances using a meter bridge |
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4. To compare the emf ’s of two given primary cells using the potentiometer |
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5. To determine the internal resistance of a given primary cell using the potentiometer |
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6. To determine the resistance of a galvanometer by a half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit. |
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7. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance of figure of merit) into an ammeter and voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same. |
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8. To find the frequency of the ac mains with a sonometer.
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Section B: Experiments |
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1. To find the value of v for different values of u in case of a concave mirror and to find the focal length. |
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2. To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens. |
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3. To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1/u and 1/v. |
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4. To find the focal length of a concave lens, using a convex lens. |
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5. To determine the angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between the angle of incidence and the angle of deviation. |
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6. To determine the refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope. |
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7. To find the refractive index of a liquid by using (i) concave mirror, (ii) convex lens and plane mirror. |
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8. To draw the I-V characteristics curves of a p-n junction in forward bias and reverse bias. |
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9. To draw the characteristic curve of a zener diode and to determine its reverse break down voltage. |
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10. To study the characteristics of a common-emitter npn or pnp transistor and to find out the value of current and voltage gains. |
Under the regular guidance and supervision of the Physics teacher, all students will be required to complete the aforementioned activities/projects. Students must write a technical report that includes an abstract, some theoretical discussion, experimental setup, observations with tables of data obtained, findings analysis and discussion, deductions, conclusion, and so on.
Frequently Asked Questions of HBSE Board Class 12 Physics Exam
Q1. How should I prepare for the HBSE Board Class 12 Physics Exam?
Ans. Students must be familiar with the exam syllabus, question paper pattern, and they should focus on crucial areas (refer to important questions, sample papers to get an idea), and stick to a study schedule to prepare for the exam. They must also devote a significant amount of time to revising and practicing numerical problems.
Q2. Will the syllabus be reduced for the academic session 2021-22 as well?
Ans: Keeping in mind the Covid-19 restrictions, the HBSE Board had reduced the syllabus for all the subjects by 25% for the year 2020-21 for the convenience of students. However, no such announcement has been made for the academic session 2021-22. Students are advised to keep visiting the official website of the HBSE Board – https://bseh.org.in/ to stay updated.
Q3. Is Physics in Class 12 difficult?
Ans. Yes, many students believe the HBSE Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus to be the most difficult subject. In comparison to the Class 10th Physics curriculum, it is comprehensive and demanding. However, regular studies will help students to prepare well for the exams.
Q4. Why is it critical to know the exam’s syllabus ahead of time?
Ans. Knowing the syllabus ahead of time allows students to have a better understanding of the topics, leading to confidence during the exam. It also helps students to improve their time management skills.
Q5. Can students from the HBSE Board clear the IIT-JEE or NEET exam?
Ans. Yes, many HBSE Board students have achieved good results in JEE/ NEET in the past. If you prepare well for your target examination, you too can clear these prestigious competitive exams with flying colors. All the Best!
Q6. When will the practical exams be held?
Ans. The dates for internal assessment/practical exams will be declared by your school authorities. Students are advised to contact their school exam department for further information.