Solution:

A recombinant vaccination is one that is made using recombinant DNA technology, which involves introducing DNA encoding an antigen that promotes an immune response into bacterial or mammalian cells.

Example:

1. Bird Flu virus vaccine for humans.

2. West Nile virus vaccine for horses.

Advantages:

1. Minimal risk of infection.

2. They initiate both cell-mediated and humoral immune response.

3. Cost-effectiveness

4. Long-term persistence of immunogenic