Correct option:(1) Solution:Micro-organisms present in the soil is a sink for CO.
Which of the following is not a cause for loss of biodiversity?
a. Destruction of habitat b. Invasion by alien species c. Keeping animals in zoological parks d. Over-exploitation of natural resources Answer: c. Keeping animals in zoological parks. Explanation:...
Which of the following countries has the highest biodiversity?
a. Brazil b. South Africa c. Russia d. India Answer: a. Brazil Explanation: Brazil is one of the world's most biologically diverse countries. One tenth of the world's species live here. India is in...
Match the following:
Column IColumn II(a) T4(i) Hypothalamus(b) PTH(ii) Thyroid(c) GnRH(iii) Pituitary(d) LH(iv) Parathyroid Column IColumn II(a) T4(ii) Thyroid(b) PTH(iv) Parathyroid(c) GnRH(i) Hypothalamus(d) LH(iii)...
Briefly mention the mechanism of action of FSH.
The follicle stimulating hormone or FSH is a glycoprotein polypeptide hormone that does not dissolve in lipid and therefore cannot enter the target cell. It binds to the surface of the cell and...
Which hormonal deficiency is responsible for the following?
(a) Diabetes mellitus (b) Goitre (c) Cretinism Answers: (a) Inadequate secretion of Insulin is responsible for Diabetes mellitus. (b) Inadequate secretion of Thyroxin is responsible for Goitre. (c)...
Give example(s) of:
(a) Hyperglycemic hormone and hypoglycemic hormone (b) Hypercalcemic hormone (c) Gonadotrophic hormones (d) Progestational hormone (e) Blood pressure lowering hormone (f) Androgens and estrogens...
List the hormones secreted by the following:
(a) Hypothalamus (b) Pituitary (c) Thyroid (d) Parathyroid (e) Adrenal (f) Pancreas (g) Testis (h) Ovary (i) Thymus (j) Atrium (k) Kidney (l) G-I Tract (a) Hypothalamus:- Releasing hormones:...
Write short notes on the functions of the following hormones:
(a) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (b) Thyroid hormones (c) Thymosins (a) Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) 1. It is a peptide hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland 2. Rotating levels of calcium ions...
Fill in the blanks:
Hormones Target gland (a) Hypothalamic hormones __________________ (b) Thyrotrophin (TSH) __________________ (c) Corticotrophin (ACTH) __________________ (d) Gonadotrophins (LH, FSH)...
Diagrammatically indicate the location of the various endocrine glands in our body.
Define the following:
(a) Exocrine gland (b) Endocrine gland (c) Hormone 1. Exocrine glands release their fluids into the ducts leading to the surface of the body or to certain organs of the body. 2. Endocrine gland are...
Distinguish between:
(a) afferent neurons and efferent neurons (b) impulse conduction in a myelinated nerve fibre and unmyelinated nerve fibre (c) aqueous humor and vitreous humor (d) blind spot and yellow spot (e)...
The region of the vertebrate eye, where the optic nerve passes out of the retina, is called the
(a) fovea (b) iris (c) blind spot (d) optic chaisma Correct Answer: (c) Blind spot Explanation: The optic nerve exits the brain, the retinal blood vessels enter the brain at a time when the...
Answer the following:
(a) Which part of the ear determines the pitch of a sound? (b) Which part of the human brain is the most developed? (c) Which part of our central neural system acts as a master clock? Answers: (a)...
Differentiate between:
(a) Thalamus and Hypothalamus (b) Cerebrum and Cerebellum (d) Thalamus and Hypothalamus ThalamusHypothalamusContains grey matterContains both white and grey matterThalamus do not secrete...
Differentiate between:
(a) Myelinated and non-myelinated axons (b) Dendrites and axons (c) Rods and cones (a) Myelinated and non-myelinated axons FeaturesMyelinated axonsNon-myelinated axonsMyelin...
Explain the following:
(a) Role of Na+ in the generation of action potential. (b) Mechanism of generation of light-induced impulse in the retina. (c) Mechanism through which a sound produces a nerve impulse in the inner...
Answer briefly:
(a) How do you perceive the colour of an object? (b) Which part of our body helps us in maintaining the body balance? (c) How does the eye regulate the amount of light that falls on the retina?...
Give a brief account of mechanism of hearing
The Mechanism of hearing: The outer ear canal collects sound waves that pass through the outer ear canal to the eardrum. This causes the ear to move. This vibration is transmitted from the eardrum...
Give a brief account of mechanism of vision.
The Mechanism of Vision: The passage of light rays is as follows – the pupil, lens, aqueous humour, vitreous humor and finally retina. This light causes the separation of photo-pigment rhodopsin in...
Give a brief account of mechanism of synaptic transmission.
The synapses are connections where nerve impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another. This is formed by the pre-synaptic membrane and the post-synaptic neuron, which may or may not be...
Write short notes on the following:
(a) Retina (b) Ear ossicles (c) Cochlea (d) Organ of Corti (a) Retina: The retina forms the finest internal, neurosensory layer of the eyeball. The surface of the retina interacts with the choroid...
Write short notes on the following:
(a) Neural coordination (b) Forebrain (c) Midbrain (d) Hindbrain (a) Neural coordination: It is a condition in which two or more organs interact with each other through the body's neural system. The...
Draw labelled diagrams of the following:
(a) Neuron (b) Brain (c) Eye (d) Ear (a) Neuron (b) Brain (c) Eye (d)Ear
Explain the Transmission of a nerve impulse across a chemical synapse.
The pre-synaptic neuron membrane and the post-synaptic neuron form the synapse Synaptic cleft is a synapse that can be separated or not separated by a gap The pre-synaptic neuron and the...
Usually, deciduous plants shed their leaves during summer or in autumn. This process of shedding of leaves is called abscission. Which is the anatomical mechanism is involved in the abscission of leaves?
Solution: i. Structural: In deciduous trees, separation zone is formed at the base of the petiole. It is composed of a top layer(distal) and a bottom (proximal)layer. The cells in the top layer have...
Which of the following is a plant hormone?
(a) Insulin (b) Thyroxin (c) Oestrogen (d) Cytokinin Correct option - (d) ●Cytokinin is a plant hormone ●whereas Insulin, Thyroxin, Oestrogen are the hormones produced by...
The gap between two neurons is called a
(a) Dendrite. (b) Synapse. (c) Axon. (d) Impulse. Correct option is (b) ●Dendrite is a short branched extension of a nerve cell. ●which impulses received from other cells at synapses are...
The brain is responsible for
(a) Thinking. (b) Regulating the heartbeat. (c) Balancing the body. (d) all of the above. Correct option is (d) ●Brain is responsible for thinking, the brain regulates the heartbeat, and it...
What is the function of receptors in our body? Think of situations where receptors do not work properly. What problems are likely to arise?
A.Receptors are present throughout our body, mainly sense organs. B.Receptors collect the information about changes that happen around us and send the signal to information to the brain which...
Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function.
A.Neurons are nerve cells which are functional units of the nervous system. B.Three main parts of neurons are Dendrites, Axons and cell body. ●Dendrite: Detects information and sends it to...
How does phototropism occur in plants?
A.Directional movement and growth of plants in response to light is called phototropism. B.Phototropism occurs due to increased auxin on the dark side and decreased auxin on the illuminated...
Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury?
A.In case of a spinal cord injury, signals coming from the nerves as well as the signals coming to the receptors will be disrupted. B.Both these signals meet in a bundle in the spinal cord....
Mention the parts of the plant from which these products are obtained –
a. Hemp b. Cotton c. Coir d. Jute Solution: a. Stem of Cannabis sativa. b. Epidermal growth of cotton seeds. c. Coconut husk. d. Stem of Corchorus...
How does chemical coordination occur in plants?
A.Plant growth, development and responses to the environment is controlled and coordinated by a special class of chemical substances known as hormones. B.Hormones are produced in one part of...
What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism?
A.There are various organs in an organism and must be carefully controlled and coordinated for the survival of an organism. B.In the body of an organism various fluids are secreted from the...
How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other?
Solution: Involuntary actions: Involuntary activities are activities which are not constrained by our will. 2.They are associated with working of inward body part 3.example: breathing, heartbeat,...
Compare and contrast nervous and hormonal mechanisms for control and coordination in animals.
Nervous control 1.It consists of nerve impulses between PNS, CNS and Brain. 2.Here response time is very short. 3.Nerve impulses are not specific in their action. 4.The flow of information is...
Why are some patients of diabetes is the difference between the manner in which movement takes place in a sensitive plant and the movement in our legs?
Movement in sensitive plants 1.The movement in a sensitive plant is a response to stimulus which is an involuntary action. 2.No special tissue is there for the transfer of...
Why are some patients of diabetes treated by giving injections of insulin?
A.Diabetes is a condition where insulin hormone is produced less or stopped by pancreatic cells of a person. B.Insulin regulates blood glucose by converting extra glucose to glycogen. ...
How does our body respond when adrenaline is secreted into the blood?
A.Adrenaline is a hormone secreted when a person is frightened or mentally disturbed. B.When Adrenaline reaches the heart, heartbeat will increase to increase blood supply to our muscles. C....
Why is the use of iodized salt advisable?
A.Usage of Iodized salt is advisable to avoid the deficiency of Iodine. B. If the intake of iodine is low, the release of thyroxine from the thyroid gland will be decreased. C.This affects...
How does chemical coordination take place in animals?
A.Chemical coordination takes place in animals with the help of chemical messengers called hormones. B.Hormones are the chemical fluids that are secreted by specific glands of the endocrine...
Design an experiment to demonstrate hydrotropism.
Demonstrate hydrotropism in plants. Procedure are - i. Plant a seedling in a vessel containing soil. ii. Adjacent to the seedling put a porous pot containing water. iii. Leave the set up for a few...
How do auxins promote the growth of a tendril around a support?
A.Auxins are the plant hormones produced at the tip of a shoot and root. B.Auxins are present at the tip of tendrils. When tendrils are attached around any support their growth is slowed down...
Give an example of a plant hormone that promotes growth?
Auxins and Gibberellins are the hormones responsible for the growth of plants. Auxins are responsible for the cell elongation in shoots and also regulate growth. 3. Gibberellin is responsible for...
How is the movement of leaves of the sensitive plant different from the movement of a shoot towards light?
A.Movement of leaves of the sensitive plant - It does not depend on the direction of stimulus applied. Called as Nastic movement Touch is the stimulus Caused by the sudden loss of water from...
What are plant hormones?
Plant hormones are like the scrutinizers that keep a check upon the stress condition through which the plants go through. the major group of hormones found in the plants is- Auxin Cytokinin...
What is the role of the brain in reflex action?
A.Reflex actions are formed instantaneously in response to the stimulus that has no time to think. B.For instance the sensory nerves that detect the heat are connected to the nerves that move...
What is the role of the brain in reflex action?
A.Reflex actions are formed instantaneously in response to the stimulus that has no time to think. B.For instance the sensory nerves that detect the heat are connected to the nerves that move...
How do we detect the smell of an agarbatti (incense stick)?
A.Smell of an agarbatti is detected by the nose, olfactory receptors present in the nose sends electrical signals to the fore brain. B.Fore brain interprets this signal as the incense stick to...
Which part of the brain maintains posture and equilibrium of the body?
A.Cerebellum which is a part of the brain is responsible for controlling the motor functioning. B.it is the part reengaged in the maintenance of posture and equilibrium of the body.
What happens at the synapse between two neurons?
A.The synapse between two neurons electrical signals are converted into chemicals . B.That can easily cross over the gap and pass on the chemical messenger to the next neuron where it is converted...
What is the difference between a reflex action and walking?
A.Reflex actions are the involuntary actions that occur in response to stimuli. B.They occur without involvement of conscious areas of the brain. C. All the reflex actions are unconscious...
Only variations that confer an advantage to an individual organism will survive in a population. Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not?
A.The statement holds true – only variations provide an advantage to individual organisms that will survive in a population. B. For example, variations that lead to the increase in heat-resistance...
How is the equal genetic contribution of male and female parents ensured in the progeny?
A.Equal genetic contribution of male and female parents is ensured in progeny through the inheritance of equal numbers of chromosomes from both parents. B.There are 23 pairs of chromosomes but...
Explain how sexual reproduction gives rise to more viable variations than asexual reproduction. How does this affect the evolution of those organisms that reproduce sexually?
Sexual reproduction causes a lot of viable variations because of the following reasons: (a) Error in copying of DNA (b) Random segregation of paternal and maternal chromosome at the time of...
What evidence do we have for the origin of life from inanimate matter?
A.The evidence on the origin of life from inanimate matter was provided by Stanley L. Miller and Harold C. Urey’s experiment, which was conducted in 1953. B.They created an artificial...
Explain the importance of fossils in deciding evolutionary relationships.
Fossils give evidence about: (a) Organisms and their paleobiology. (b)◆ Even the behaviour of an organism can be deduced to some extent by unearthing a site with more than 10,000 skeletons of a...
Outline a project which aims to find the dominant coat color in dogs.
A.Dogs have a certain set of genes that govern coat color. B.There are a minimum of eleven known sequence series (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, M, P, S, T) that influence the colour of a dog. C.A...
Explain the terms analogous and homologous organs with examples.
A.Homologous organs are those organs that have the basic structural design as well as the origin, however, serve different functions. ◆For example, The forelimbs of humans and the wings of bats are...
How are the areas of study – evolution and classification – interlinked?
A.Classification and evolution are two related fields of biology. B.Evolution pertains to how organisms evolve and classification deals with finding out how two species are related to each...
A study found that children with light-colored eyes are likely to have parents with light-colored eyes. On this basis, can we say anything about whether the light eye color trait is dominant or recessive? Why or why not?
A.Knowledge of at least 3 generations is required for finding if an attribute is dominant or recessive. B.So, it is not possible to identify if the given trait is dominant or recessive.
In evolutionary terms, we have more in common with
(a) A Chinese school-boy. (b) A chimpanzee. (c) A spider. (d) A bacterium. Correct answer – (a) A.Humans and chimpanzees are related since they belong to the identical order (Primates) and same...
An example of homologous organs is
(a) Our arm and a dog’s fore-leg. (b) Our teeth and an elephant’s tusks. (c) Potatoes and runners of grass. (d) All of the above. Correct answer – (d) A.Homologous organs have the same origin as...
A Mendelian experiment consisted of breeding tall pea plants bearing violet flowers with short pea plants bearing white flowers. The progeny all bore violet flowers, but almost half of them were short. This suggests that the genetic make-up of the tall parent can be depicted as
(a) TTWW (b) TTww (c) TtWW (d) TtWw Correct answer – (c) A.TtWW might be the genetic makeup of the tall parent. B.Since half the progenies are short, this implies that the parent plant also will...
In evolutionary terms, can we say which among bacteria, spiders, fish and chimpanzees have a ‘better’ body design? Why or why not?
solution: In evolutionary terms, all of the organisms we see now evolved over millions of years because they were fitter and better than their forefathers. They've all evolved in response to the...
Why are human beings who look so different from each other in terms of size, color and looks said to belong to the same species?
A.While human beings do vary in color and general appearance, their genetic makeup is identical to any other human. B. One of the speculations put forth for our drastic changes is due to...
What are fossils? What do they tell us about the process of evolution?
A.Fossils are the preserved remains of animals or plants or other organisms that died out millions of years ago. B. These fossils tell us about a lot of extinct animals and also give insights into...
Give an example of characteristics being used to determine how close two species are in evolutionary terms.
A.Humans and chimpanzees. •Chimpanzees are able to express a wide range of emotions – such as busting out in laughter or smiling – this trait was once thought to be a feature exclusive to...
Will geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of an organism that reproduces asexually? Why or why not?
A.In the case of asexually reproducing organisms, geographical isolation cannot be considered a factor. B.This is due to the fact that meiosis does not occur during asexual modes of...
Will geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of a self-pollinating plant species? Why or why not?
A.In a pollination of plant species, geographical isolation is usually not a major factor as no new trait will become part of the genetic makeup in a self-pollinating plant species. B.There...
What factors could lead to the rise of a new species?
Factors that would result in a new species are - (a) Mutation. (b) Genetic drift. (c) Natural selection. (d) Geographical isolation. (e) Generative isolation for prolonged periods (f) Environmental...
Why are the small numbers of surviving tigers a cause of worry from the point of view of genetics?
A.As the size of the tiger population decreases, the genetic pool of the species decreases too. B. Results in a limitation on the variations which will be introduced within the genetic...
Why are traits acquired during the life-time of an individual not inherited?
A.Traits acquired during a life-time cannot be inherited for successive generations as the changes do not reflect in the DNA of the germ cells. B. For instance, a football player cannot pass on his...
What are the different ways in which individuals with a particular trait may increase in a population?
(a) Natural selection: An attribute is useful to a population, it will increase naturally. For example – mosquitoes which are resilient against a particular pesticide will pass on its genes,...
How is the sex of the child determined in human beings?
A.Sex of child in humans is determined by the males. Males have XX chromosomes while females have XY chromosomes. Hence, if:– B.The male’s X chromosomes combines with the female’s X chromosomes, the...
A man with blood group A marries a woman with blood group O and their daughter has blood group O. Is this information enough to tell you which of the traits – blood group A or O – is dominant? Why or why not?
A.Given information is not enough to tell us which characteristics are dominant –blood group A or O. B. Blood type A is always dominant in ABO blood and blood type O is always recessive. C.The...
How do Mendel’s experiments show that traits may be dominant or recessive?
◆Mendel showed that the traits can either be dominant or recessive through his experiments they focused on mono-hybrid cross. ◆The experiment involved crossing tall (TT) pea plants with...
How does the creation of variations in a species promote survival?
1.Due to Genetic variations the species is better adapted to change in its environment. 2.It is an important force in evolution because it allows the frequency of alleles to increase or decrease...
If a trait A exists in 10% of a population of an asexually reproducing species and a trait B exists in 60% of the same population, which trait is likely to have arisen earlier?
◆Trait B is more probable to arise early because this trait has already been existing and replicating in a larger percentage of the population as compared to trait A in a given type .
How does reproduction help in providing stability to populations of species?
●Reproduction is the process of producing the same type of species by the pre existing species. ●Reproduction is done so as to maintain the population of species and also to take forward...
Explain the Conduction of a nerve impulse along a nerve fibre
When nerve pressure is pushed across the fiber, it occurs in a systematic way. During the manipulation of the pressure in the nerve fiber, a portion of it is constantly broken down while the nearby...
Explain the Depolarisation of the membrane of a nerve fibre
The sensory nerve is said to be in a state of depression when stressed. In this case, the action force is derived from the nerve membrane fiber. During the process of depolarization, the following...
Explain the Polarisation of the membrane of a nerve fibre
The nerve fiber is said to be in a state of relaxation when it is in the resting phase. In this isolated state, the membrane of nerve fibers has the ability to relax. Listed below are the steps that...
Draw a labelled diagram of the longitudinal section of a flower.
Why does menstruation occur?
●Menstruation is the normal bleeding of the vaginal line which starts between puberty and when menopause occurs. ●During this period, the body prepares itself for pregnancy. ●Every month an egg is...
What are the functions performed by the testis in human beings?
●Other than the production of sperms, it also produces the male hormone known as androgen. ● Also produce a hormone called testosterone, which is responsible for secondary sexual...
What are the advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
Advantages of sexual reproduction are - ●Offspring possess characters of both the parents. ●Survival of the sexual type of species is ensured as there are more variations. ●Offspring ...
The anther contains
(a) Sepals (b) Ovules (c) Pistil (d) Pollen grains A)Correct option -D B) Explanation for correct option- Pollen grains are the microscopic particles that occur in the pollen grains that give...
Which of the following is not a part of the female reproductive system in human beings?
(a) Ovary (b) Uterus (c) Vas deferens (d) Fallopian tube A)Correct option -C B) Explanation for correct option- ●Vas deferens is a part of male reproductive system. ●Long, muscular tube...
Asexual reproduction takes place through budding in
(a) Amoeba
(b) Yeast
(c) Plasmodium
(d) Leishmania
Correct option -B The explanation for correct option -Yeast is an example of asexual reproduction taking place through the process of budding. A small protuberance is produced on the parent cell...
If a woman is using a Copper-T, will it help in protecting her from sexually transmitted diseases?
No, She is not protected from sexually transmitted diseases because usage of copper-T cannot stop the contact of body fluids.
How does the embryo get nourishment inside the mother’s body?
● Lining of the uterus thickens after fertilization. ● Blood flow is good to nourish the growing embryo. ●Placenta is a special tissue which is embedded in the uterine wall and helps the...
What are the changes seen in girls at the time of puberty?
●In genital area, hair growth appears. ●Hair growth in other areas like underarms, face, hands and legs. ●The size of the uterus and ovary increases. ●Size of the breast increases and darkening of...
What is the role of the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland?
●Lubrication of sperms and providing of a fluid medium for the easy transportation of males sperms takes place with the help of secretions from the seminal vesicles and prostate gland. ●These...
How is the process of pollination different from fertilization?
Pollination is the process of transfer of pollen grain from anther to stigma. ● Process takes place with the help of pollinators like air, water and some insects also like monkeys....
Why is DNA copying an essential part of the process of reproduction?
◆DNA copying is an essential part of the process of reproduction because it carries the genetic information from the parents to their offspring. ◆ A copy of DNA is produced by some chemical...
Why is vegetative propagation practised for growing some types of plants?
Advantages of vegetative propagation are- ●Crops like orange, banana and pineapple do not have seeds, so in these crops vegetative propagation can be used for produce new plant. ●It is a...
Can you think of reasons why more complex organisms cannot give rise to new individuals through regeneration?
●Organisms which is higher complex levels cannot give rise to new individuals through the process of regeneration because they have organization of their organs system at the different...
How will an organism be benefited if it reproduces through spores?
●Number of spores produced in one sporangium be large. ● To avoid competition at one place, spores divided into the distributed to faraway places with the help of air. ●To prevent dehydration...
Why is the variation beneficial to the species but not necessarily for the individual?
◆Sometimes climatic changes have a drastic effect on the species which makes their survival more difficult. ◆ For example- if the temperature of the water body increases, then certain species...
What is the importance of DNA copying in reproduction?
◆Deoxyribonucleic acid is the genetic material present in the cells of all organisms. ◆DNA carries genetic information from one generation to the other generation and helps in...
Compare the following:
(a) Central neural system (CNS) and Peripheral neural system (PNS) (b) Resting potential and action potential (c) Choroid and retina (a) Central neural system (CNS) and Peripheral neural system...
Briefly describe the structure of the following: Eye
The Structure of the Eye: The human eye is encased in a skull bone and is round. The walls of the eyeball have three layers, namely - the neurosensory inner lining, the central vascular coat and the...
Briefly describe the structure of the following: Ear
The Structure of the ear: The human ear has two sensory functions - It enables hearing and maintains body balance. It can be divided into three main categories - inner ear, outer ear, middle ear. 1....
Briefly describe the structure of the following: Brain
The structure of the Brain: The mind is a leading physical information processing center that acts as a control and command system. Protected in the skull. Covered by three membranes known as...
Fill in the blank spaces:
(a) All mammals (except a few) have __________ cervical vertebra. (b) The number of phalanges in each limb of human is __________ (c) Thin filament of myofibril contains 2 ‘F’ actins and two other...
Name the type of joint between the following:-
(a) atlas/axis (b) carpal/metacarpal of thumb (c) Between phalanges (d) femur/acetabulum (e) Between cranial bones (f) Between pubic bones in the pelvic girdle Answers: (a) Pivot joint (b) Saddle...
How do you distinguish between a skeletal muscle and a cardiac muscle?
Skeletal muscleCardiac muscleLocation - Linked with the primary bonesLocation - Walls of the heartVoluntaryInvoluntaryNucleus – located PeripherallyNucleus – located CentrallyMuscle fibers -...
What are the different types of movements exhibited by the cells of human body?
Movement is considered to be one of the most important signals observed in living things. The different types of movements shown by human body cells are: 1. Amoeboid Movement - Leucocytes found in...
Match Column I with Column II:
Column IColumn II(a) Smooth muscle(i) Myoglobin(b) Tropomyosin(ii) Thin filament(c) Red muscle(iii) Sutures(d) Skull(iv) Involuntary Column IColumn II(a) Smooth muscle(iv) Involuntary(b)...
Write the difference between:
(a) Actin and Myosin (b) Red and White muscles (c) Pectoral and Pelvic girdle a) Actin and myosin ActinMyosinMyofilament with thin filaments are produced.Myofilament with thick filaments are...
Describe the important steps in muscle contraction.
The theory of Sliding filament states that the contraction of muscle fibre happens due to the sliding of the thin filaments over the thick filaments. Muscle Contraction Method: Step 1 -...
Write true or false. If false change the statement so that it is true.
(a) Actin is present in thin filament (b) H-zone of striated muscle fibre represents both thick and thin filaments. (c) Human skeleton has 206 bones. (d) There are 11 pairs of ribs in man. (e)...
Define sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.
The theory of Sliding filament states that the contraction of muscle fibre happens due to the sliding of the thin filaments over the thick filaments.
Draw the diagram of a sarcomere of skeletal muscle showing different regions.
29. What is biomass? Explain the principle and working of a biogas plant using a labelled schematic diagram.
Biological resources are called biomass. Cow dung, a variety of plant material such as post-harvest crop residues, vegetable waste and manure decompose when there is no oxygen can supply bio-gas....
Energy from various sources is considered to have been derived from the sun. Do you agree? Justify your answer.
Yes, energy from various sources is considered to be derived from the sun. Justifications: 1.Energy from fossil fuels is applied indirectly from the sun because plants absorb sunlight to produce...
What are the environmental consequences of using fossil fuels? Suggest the steps to minimise the pollution caused by various sources of energy including non-conventional sources of energy.
Environmental consequences of using fossil fuels: Global warming will result in an increase in Carbon-di-oxide levels 2. Sulfur oxides cause acid rain 3. The burning of mineral oil will lead to the...
Make a list of conventional and non-conventional sources of energy. Give a brief description of harnessing one nonconventional source of energy.
The Conventional sources of energy are coal, gasoline, wood fuel and energy. The Non-conventional energy sources are Solar energy, nuclear power, Biogas, Tidal energy, tropical Ocean energy, wave...
Why is there a need for harnessing non-conventional sources of energy? How can energy be harnessed from the sea in different ways?
Reasons for the need to harness non-conventional sources of energy: 1. The conventional sources are the source of energy which is depleted and will soon wear out. 2. The non-conventional energy...
How can solar energy be harnessed? Mention any two limitations in using solar energy. How are these limitations overcome?
Solar Cookers and Solar Water Heater: The black surface absorbs more heat compared to the white or light area under similar conditions. Solar heaters and solar water heaters use this space in their...
Which is the process used to harness nuclear energy these days? Explain it briefly.
1. Nuclear power is tied to nuclear power plants. It has a nuclear reactor, boiler and turbine. 2. A nuclear reactor is a place where nuclear fission is released. Nuclear separation produces a large...
What are the limitations in obtaining energy from wind?
Limitations: 1. There will be no continuous and consistent product 2. The area required to install a large wind power mill. 3. The minimum wind speed should be 15 km / h.
What is biomass? What can be done to obtain bio-energy using biomass?
The fossil fuels are called biomass. The following are ways to get bio energy using biomass. 1. Usage of firewood. 2. Prepare a cow dung cake and use them as a source of heat. 3. Gobar gas is...
Mention three advantages of a solar cell?
Advantages of a solar cell: 1. Source of renewable energy 2. Does not produce any environmental pollution 3. Requires minimum maintenance
What is the role of a plane mirror and a glass sheet in a solar cooker?
The plane mirror reflects the light of the sun thus increasing the intensity of the sun's energy. The glass sheet prevents heat escape from the solar cooker.
What steps would you suggest to minimise environmental pollution caused by the burning of fossil fuels?
1. The following is the list of steps which will help to minimize the environmental pollution: 2. The usage of non-conventional energy sources such as wind and hydrothermal energy. 3. Deforestation...
Write two different ways of harnessing energy from the ocean.
1. Tidal energy 2. Ocean Thermal energy
Why is there a need to harness non-conventional sources of energy? Give two main reasons.
Reasons for the need to harness non-conventional sources of energy: 1. The conventional sources are the source of energy which is depleted and will soon wear out. 2. The non-conventional energy...
Choose the incorrect statement
(a) We are encouraged to plant more trees so as to ensure a clean environment and also provide bio-mass fuel (b) Gobar-gas is produced when crops, vegetable wastes etc., decompose in the absence of...
Choose the incorrect statement regarding wind power
(a) It is expected to harness wind power to minimum in open space (b) The potential energy content of wind blowing at high altitudes is the source of wind power (c) Wind hitting at the blades of a...
In a hydroelectric power plant, more electrical power can be generated if waterfalls from a greater height because
(a) its temperature increases (b) larger amount of potential energy is converted into kinetic energy (c) the electricity content of water increases with height (d) more water molecules dissociate...
Choose the correct statement
(a) Sun can be taken as an inexhaustible source of energy (b) There is infinite storage of fossil fuel inside the earth (c) Hydro and wind energy plants are non-polluting sources of energy (d) Waste...
The power generated in a windmill
(a) is more in rainy season since damp air would mean more air mass hitting the blades (b) depends on the height of the tower (c) depends on wind velocity (d) can be increased by planting tall trees...
The main constituent of biogas is
(a) methane (b) carbon dioxide (c) hydrogen (d) hydrogen sulphide Answer: (a) methane Reason: Methane is naturally a major constituent of the biogas.
Which part of the solar cooker is responsible for the greenhouse effect?
(a) Coating with black colour inside the box (b) Mirror (c) Glass sheet (d) Outer cover of the solar cooker Answer: (c) Glass sheet Reason: The glass sheet is responsible for the greenhouse effect...
The major problem in harnessing nuclear energy is how to
(a) split nuclei? (b) sustain the reaction? (c) dispose of spent fuel safely? (d) convert nuclear energy into electrical energy? Answer: (c) dispose of spent fuel safely? Reason: The major problem...
Ocean thermal energy is due to
(a) energy stored by waves in the ocean (b) temperature difference at different levels in the ocean (c) pressure difference at different levels in the ocean (d) tides arising out in the ocean...
Which one of the following forms of energy leads to the least environmental pollution in the process of its harnessing and utilisation?
(a) Nuclear energy (b) Thermal energy (c) Solar energy (d) Geothermal energy Answer: (c) Solar energy Reason: Solar energy can be used to reduce the environmental pollution as it helps in the...
Which is the ultimate source of energy?
(a) Water (b) Sun (c) Uranium (d) Fossil fuels Answer: (b) Sun Explanation: The sun is the ultimate source of energy.
In a hydropower plant
(a) Potential energy possessed by stored water is converted into electricity (b) Kinetic energy possessed by stored water is converted into potential energy (c) Electricity is extracted from water...
Fuel used in thermal power plants is
(a) water (b) uranium (c) biomass (d) fossil fuels Answer: (d) fossil fuels Reason: The fuel used in thermal power plants is the fossil fuel.
Acid rain happens because
(a) sun leads to heating of the upper layer of the atmosphere (b) burning of fossil fuels release oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur in the atmosphere (c) electrical charges are produced due to...
Which of the following is a non-renewable source of energy?
(a) Wood (b) Sun (c) Fossil fuels (d) Wind Answer: (c) Fossil fuels Reason: Fossil Fuel is the non-renewable source of energy as it may run out anytime and cannot be renewed.
Explain why sexual reproduction in angiosperms is said to take place through double fertilization and triple fusion. Also, draw a labelled diagram of the embryo sac to explain the phenomena.
●The two male nuclei enter the embryo sac, one of the male gametes fuses with the egg to form a diploid zygote .● The other male gamete fuses with a diploid secondary nucleus to form triploid...
Frogs are beneficial for mankind, justify the statement.
It is an important part of the food chain. it help farmers by eating insects and pest and protect him from insect infection. It is also used as a food source for humans in some regions around the...
What is Monograph?
solution: A portrayal of a solitary chime or a gathering of things is known as a monograph. It will have the data in regards to anybody taxon.
Couplet in ordered key means ________________ .
solution: The ordered key gives a specific design based on which the client can figure out the ordered situation of the obscure species. Couplet implies a couple which is of differentiating...
Give two identifying features of an adult male frog?
i) Presence of vocal sacs in male frogs- The male frogs have saggy-skinned vocal sacs inside the necks. ii) Presence of Copulation pad in male frogs -The male frogs have a copulatory pad (nuptial...
Match the following and choose the option which is right.
I A. Family B. Kingdom C. Order D. Species E. Genus II i. tuberosum ii. Polymoniales iii. Solanum iv. Plantae v. Solanaceae Options are as follows: a. A-iv, B-iii, C-v, D-ii, E -i...
. All living organisms are linked because
a. They have the common genetic materials b. They all share a common genetic material but of varying degrees c. All have common cellular organization d. none of these Solution: Option (b) They all...
One of the taxonomic tools taxonomic key is used in the preparation of
a monographsb florac both (a) and (b)d none of these Solution: alternative C since Flora is book containing data concerning the environment, environment, occasional changes, circulation, portrayal...
What does Botanical gardens and zoological parks have
a. Collection of endemic living species b. Collection of exotic living species c. Both a and b d. Collection of local plants and animals Solution: Option (c) Both a and b is the...
Which hierarchical level in classification of plants is equivalent to the taxonomic unit ‘phylum’ in the classification of animals?
a. Family b. Class c. Order d. Division Solution: Option (d) Division is the answer.
Genus represents
a. A particular plant or animal b. A group of intimately related species of animals or plants c. A collection of animals or plants d. None of these Solution: Option (b) A group of intimately...
The term ‘systematics’ refers to:
a. Identification of organ systems of plants and animals and their study b. Identification preservation and study of plants and animals c. Diversity of all kinds of organisms and their relationship...
For taxonomic category of ‘family’ which of the following ‘suffixes’ used.
a. – Ae b. – Onae c. – Aceae d. – Ales Solution: Option (c) Aceae is the answer
How will the number of common characteristics change when we go from species to kingdom in a taxonomic hierarchy ?(a) Will decrease (b) Will increase (c) Remain same (d) May increase or decrease
Solution: Option (a) it decrease is the answer . As we go higher from species to realm, the quantity of normal attributes continues diminishing. Lower the taxa, more are the attributes that...
30. The hormone which increases the fertility in males is called
(a) oestrogen (b) testosterone (c) insulin (d) growth hormone Correct option – ( b ) Explanation for correct option – Testosterone is the male sex hormone produces in testes of males which promotes...