a. Hypertension: b. Coronary Artery Disease: solution β a_ hypertension : : it is conditi0n when the blood pressure rises above its normal value that is n120/80 mm of Hg . There are two types...
40. Explain different types of blood groups and donor compatibility by making a table.
solution
39. Describe the events in the cardiac cycle. Explain βdouble circulationβ.
Solution β events in cardiac cycle are : contraction of atria leads to flow of blood in the ventricles because the two valves are open .this is followed by contraction of ventricles .The first...
38. Explain Rh-incompatibility in humans
Solution β there are many known blood groups , among which is the Rh factor or Rhesus monkey factor . It is an inherited factor . People lacking Rh factor are known as Rh negative people ....
37. Answer the following
a. Name the major site where RBCs are formed. b. Which part of the heart is responsible for initiating and maintaining its rhythmic activity? c. What is specific in the heart of crocodiles among...
35. Write the features that distinguish between the two
a. Plasma and Serum b. Open and closed circulatory system c. Sino-atrial node and atrioventricular node solution β distinguishing features : plasma and serum : PlasmaSerumLiquid form of blood with...
34. Explain the functional significance of the lymphatic system ?
Solution β lymph carries nutrients and hormones . It is responsible to maintain the fluid balance between the blood and tissues . Lymph helps in the absorption of the fats .
33. What is the significance of the hepatic portal system in the circulatory system?
Solution β the deoxygenated blood from the parts of the gastrointestinal tract is directed to the Β Β liver and then Β to the heart. This provides the liver with metabolic substrates. This is the role...
31. Briefly describe the followings:
a. Anaemia b. Angina Pectoris c. Atherosclerosis d. Hypertension e. Heart failure f. Erythroblastosis foetal solution β a. Anaemia : it occurs because of the decrease in the haemoglobin count b....
30. Differentiate between
a. Blood and Lymph b. Basophils and Eosinophils c. Tricuspid and bicuspid valve solution β difference : blood and lymph BloodLymphIt is a fluid connective tissue red in colour due to presence of...
29. The walls of ventricles are much thicker than atria. Explain.
Solution β ventricles have to exert more pressure because they have to pump the blood to all organs of the body . The blood supply us received by the atriaβs so they have less load resulting in...
28. How will you interpret an electrocardiogram (ECG) in which time taken in the QRS complex is higher
Solution β normal time duration of a QRS complex is less than or equal to 0.10 seconds . If the QRS wave is longer than this then it means that the person is having Myocardial Infarction or Heart...
27. What is the significance of the time gap in the passage of action potential from the sino-atrial node to the ventricle
Solution -Β the time gap in the passage of action potential from the sino-atrial node to the ventricle provides ventricles to relax . Because of this ventricular pressure falls and this results in...
26. Explain the consequences of a situation in which blood does not coagulate
Solution - excessive bleeding would take place if the clotting of the blood does not takes place . It can also lead to death of the person
25. What physiological circumstances lead to erythroblastosis foetal?
Solution β when there is Β Rh incompatibility between the mother and the fetus during pregnancy then the condition is termed as erythroblastosis fetal . It can also lead to death of the fetus or the...
24. State the functions of the following in blood
a. Fibrinogen b. Globulin c. Neutrophils d. Lymphocytes solution - a) fibrinogen : clotting of blood . globulin : facilitates immune responseneutrophils : at the occurrence of an infection...
22. Which coronary artery disease is caused due to narrowing of the lumen of arteries?
Solution - the coronary artery disease caused by the narrowing of the lumen of arteries is known as atherosclerosis .
21. Given below are the abnormal conditions related to blood circulation. Name the disorders.
a. Acute chest pain due to failure of O2 supply to heart muscles b. Increased systolic pressure solution β the related disorders are : angina pectoris β it is a chest pain due to reduced blood...
20. Name the vascular connection that exists between the digestive tract and liver.
Solution - Hepatic Portal System is the vascular connection that exists between the digestive tract and the liver .
19. Given below is the diagrammatic representation of a standard ECG. Label its different peaks.
solution - labelling of the diagram :
18. Complete the missing word in the statement given below:
a. Plasma without _________ factors is called serum. b. ___________ and monocytes are phagocytic cells. c. Eosinophils are associated with _____ reactions. d. _______ ions play a significant role in...
17. Name the blood component which is viscous and straw-coloured fluid .
Solution β plasma is the blood component which is viscous and straw-colored fluid .
16. Read the following statements and choose the correct option
Statement 1: Atria receive blood from all parts of the body which subsequently flows to ventricles. Statement 2: Action potential generated at the sino-atrial node passes from atria to ventricles....
15. Match the terms given under Column βAβ with their functions given under
Column βBβ and select the answer from the options given below: Column I Column II A. Lymphatic System B. Pulmonary vein C. Thrombocytes D. Lymphocytes iv.Column II i. Carries oxygenated blood ii....
14. What would be the cardiac output of a person having 72 heartbeats per per minute and a stroke volume of 50 ml ?
a. 360 mL b. 3600 mL c. 7200 mL d. 5000 mL correct option β( b ) explanation β the cardiac output of a person having 72 heartbeats per minute and a stroke volume of 50 ml will be 3600mL ....
13. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. A person of βOβ blood group has anti βAβ and anti βBβ antibodies in his blood plasma. b. A person of βBβ blood group canβt donate blood to a person of βAβ blood group. c. Blood group is...
12. Which of the following correctly explains a phase/ event in the cardiac cycle
in a standard electrocardiogram? a. QRS complex indicates atrial contraction. b. QRS complex indicates ventricular contraction. c. The time between S and T represents atrial systole. d. P-wave...
11. The second heart sound (dubb) is associated with the closure of
a. Tricuspid valve b. Semilunar valves c. Bicuspid valved. d.Tricuspid and bicuspid valves correct option β ( b ) explanation β different sounds are produced bt closure of different valves . The...
10. The cells involved in inflammatory reactions are
a. Basophils b. Neutrophils c. Eosinophils d. Lymphocytes correct option β( d ) explanation β lymphocytes are involved in inflammatory reactions . They play a key role in chronic inflammatory...
9. The cardiac impulse is initiated and conducted further up to ventricle.
The correct sequence of conduction of impulse is a. S A Node A V Node Purkinje fibre A V Bundle b. S A Node Purkinje fibre A V Node A V Bundle c. S A Node A V Node A V Bundle Purkinje fibre d. S A...
8. Which one of the following blood cells are involved in antibody production?
a. B-Lymphocytes b. T-Lymphocytes c. RBC d. Neutrophils correct option β( a ) explanation β each B cell produces a single specie of antibody . T lymphocytes kill the infected cells . RBC carries...
7. Which one of the following types of cells lacks nucleus in humans?
a. Erythrocytes b. Neutrophils c. Eosinophils d. Monocytes correct option β( a ) explanation β erythrocytes or red blood cells lack nucleus in humans . they contain hemoglobin hence correct answer...
6. ECG depicts the depolarisation and repolarisation processes during the cardiac cycle. In the ECG of a normal healthy individual one of the following waves is not represented.
a. Depolarisation of atria b. Repolarisation of atria c. Depolarisation of ventricles d. Repolarisation of ventricles correct option β( b ) explanation β different waves in ECG represents different...
5. Mark the pair of substances among the following which is essential for coagulation of blood.
a. Heparin and calcium ions b. Calcium ions and platelet factors c. Oxalates and citrates d. Platelet factors and heparin correct option β( b ) explanation β Calcium ions and platelet factors ...
4. The cardiac activity could be moderated by the autonomous neural system.
Tick the correct answer: a. The parasympathetic system stimulates the heart rate and stroke volume b. The sympathetic system stimulates the heart rate and stroke volume c. The parasympathetic system...
3. Which among the followings is correct during each cardiac cycle?
a. The volume of blood pumped out by the Rt and Lt ventricles is same. b. The volume of blood pumped out by the Rt and Lt ventricles is different c. The volume of blood received by each atrium is...
2. One of the common symptoms observed in people infected with Dengue fever is
a. Significant decrease in RBC count b. Significant decrease in WBC count c. Significant decrease in platelets count d. Significant increase in platelets count correct option β( c ) explanation β...
1. Which of the following cells does not exhibit phagocytosis activity?
a. Monocyte b. Neutrophil c. Basophil d. Macrophage correct option β ( c ) explanation β phagocytosis is the activity in which a living cell eats up other cells . Basophil does not show the activity...
Draw a standard ECG and explain the different segments in it.
The electrocardiogram, or ECG, is a graphical representation of the heart cycle generated by the electrograph. A typical ECG is depicted in the diagram below: Each peak indicated by the letters βP'...
Explain heart sounds.
Solution: Every cardiac cycle produces two sounds: lub and dub, which are produced by a heartbeat. The sound is produced in a specific order, in time with each heartbeat. The initial sound is a...
Define a cardiac cycle and the cardiac output.
Solution: Cardiac cycle: Blood circulates in the heart due to the alternate contraction and relaxation of the chambers of the heart.Diastole refers to the relaxation or expansion phase, whereas...
What is the significance of atrio-ventricular node and atrio-ventricular bundle in the functioning of the heart?
Solution: The atrioventricular bundle (AV) sends the cardiac impulse from the AV node to the ventricle walls, whereas the atrioventricular node (AVN) sends the impulse from the SA node. The action...
Sino-atrial node is called the pacemaker of our heart. Why?
Solution: The sinoatrial or sinus node (SAN) is a specialized bundle of neurons that generates action potentials and generates a cardiac impulse without any external stimulation, making it auto...
Why do we call our heart myogenic?
Solution: The terms βmyo' and βgenic' refer to muscle and genesis, respectively. The sino-atrial or sinus node (SA node) is capable of generating an impulse that extends across the heart wall,...
Describe the evolutionary change in the pattern of heart among the vertebrates.
Solution: Through rigorous investigation, an evolutionary alteration in the heart pattern among vertebrates have been discovered. Vertebrates have a chambered heart that is muscular. They've...
Write the differences between:
(a) Blood and Lymph
(b) Open and Closed system of circulation
(c) Systole and Diastole
(d) P-wave and T-wave
Solution: The differences are as follows: (a) Blood and Lymph LymphBloodIt's a type of white tissue fluid.It's a liquid connective tissue that's red in color.The lymph vessels carry lymph.Blood...
What is meant by double circulation? What is its significance?
Solution: The term "double circulation" refers to the fact that blood flows twice in the heart. The atrioventricular septum divides the heart into four chambers, the right and left halves, allowing...
What is the difference between lymph and blood?
Solution: Blood is a circulatory fluid that transports oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic wastes throughout the animal body. The lymphatic system, which consists of lymph nodes and lymph veins, is...
Why do we consider blood as a connective tissue?
Solution: Blood is a connective tissue that is generated from the mesoderm and contains plasma, an extracellular matrix. It is a plentiful and extensively dispersed tissue throughout the body....
Match Column I with Column II:
Column IColumn II(a) Eosinophils(i) Coagulation(b) RBC(ii) Universal Recipient(c) AB Group(iii) Resist Infections(d) Platelets(iv) Contraction of Heart(e) Systole(v) Gas transport Solution: The...
What is the importance of plasma proteins?
Solution: Plasma is responsible for blood's fluid-like consistency. It's the straw-colored liquid that aids in the transportation of food, waste, carbon dioxide, and other salts. Plasma makes up...
Name the components of the formed elements in the blood and mention one major function of each of them.
Solution: The following are the components of blood's produced elements: β’ Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are oxygen-carrying cells that also contain the pigment hemoglobin. Hemoglobin...