The electrocardiogram, or ECG, is a graphical representation of the heart cycle generated by the electrograph. A typical ECG is depicted in the diagram below: Each peak indicated by the letters ‘P'...
Explain heart sounds.
Solution: Every cardiac cycle produces two sounds: lub and dub, which are produced by a heartbeat. The sound is produced in a specific order, in time with each heartbeat. The initial sound is a...
Define a cardiac cycle and the cardiac output.
Solution: Cardiac cycle: Blood circulates in the heart due to the alternate contraction and relaxation of the chambers of the heart.Diastole refers to the relaxation or expansion phase, whereas...
What is the significance of atrio-ventricular node and atrio-ventricular bundle in the functioning of the heart?
Solution: The atrioventricular bundle (AV) sends the cardiac impulse from the AV node to the ventricle walls, whereas the atrioventricular node (AVN) sends the impulse from the SA node. The action...
Sino-atrial node is called the pacemaker of our heart. Why?
Solution: The sinoatrial or sinus node (SAN) is a specialized bundle of neurons that generates action potentials and generates a cardiac impulse without any external stimulation, making it auto...
Why do we call our heart myogenic?
Solution: The terms ‘myo' and ‘genic' refer to muscle and genesis, respectively. The sino-atrial or sinus node (SA node) is capable of generating an impulse that extends across the heart wall,...
Describe the evolutionary change in the pattern of heart among the vertebrates.
Solution: Through rigorous investigation, an evolutionary alteration in the heart pattern among vertebrates have been discovered. Vertebrates have a chambered heart that is muscular. They've...
Write the differences between:
(a) Blood and Lymph
(b) Open and Closed system of circulation
(c) Systole and Diastole
(d) P-wave and T-wave
Solution: The differences are as follows: (a) Blood and Lymph LymphBloodIt's a type of white tissue fluid.It's a liquid connective tissue that's red in color.The lymph vessels carry lymph.Blood...
What is meant by double circulation? What is its significance?
Solution: The term "double circulation" refers to the fact that blood flows twice in the heart. The atrioventricular septum divides the heart into four chambers, the right and left halves, allowing...
What is the difference between lymph and blood?
Solution: Blood is a circulatory fluid that transports oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic wastes throughout the animal body. The lymphatic system, which consists of lymph nodes and lymph veins, is...
Why do we consider blood as a connective tissue?
Solution: Blood is a connective tissue that is generated from the mesoderm and contains plasma, an extracellular matrix. It is a plentiful and extensively dispersed tissue throughout the body....
Match Column I with Column II:
Column IColumn II(a) Eosinophils(i) Coagulation(b) RBC(ii) Universal Recipient(c) AB Group(iii) Resist Infections(d) Platelets(iv) Contraction of Heart(e) Systole(v) Gas transport Solution: The...
What is the importance of plasma proteins?
Solution: Plasma is responsible for blood's fluid-like consistency. It's the straw-colored liquid that aids in the transportation of food, waste, carbon dioxide, and other salts. Plasma makes up...
Name the components of the formed elements in the blood and mention one major function of each of them.
Solution: The following are the components of blood's produced elements: • Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are oxygen-carrying cells that also contain the pigment hemoglobin. Hemoglobin...