Solution:

Assumptions made during the calculation of net gain of ATP are as follows

• During the oxidation of NADH produced within the mitochondria, three ATP molecules are produced.
• The shuttle system transports the reducing power of NADH produced during glycolysis to mitochondria.
• Inside mitochondria, two molecules of ATP are generated during FADH2 oxidation.

• The malate-aspartate shuttle (heart, liver, and kidney) produces 3 ATP, while the glycerol phosphate shuttle produces 2 ATP (muscles and nerve cells).