Solution: When two different dice are thrown, the total number of outcomes = 36. Let E1 be the event of getting the sum of the numbers on the two dice is 10. These numbers are (4 ,6), (5,5)...
Solution: The Darwinian Theory of Evolution is based on two basic concepts: branching descent and natural selection. The process through which new species arise from a single common descendent is...
The ozone layer is a protective layer in the earth's atmosphere. It prevents harmful UV rays from entering the world as these rays are dangerous and can lead to skin cancer. But air pollution such...
The bio degradable waste decomposes with the help of microorganisms into simple materials that can be used by manufacturers as raw materials. But the following are the consequences on the...
Problems caused by non-biodegradable wastes: 1. Cannot be decomposed by micro-organisms. 2. As the number increases, dumping becomes a problem. 3. Indestructible waste such as heavy metals can enter...
The biological magnification can be described as a continuous increase in the concentration of non-biodegradable waste in the food chain. As there is an increase in the initial level of the...
Yes, the effect of removing all living things at the trophic level will vary from different trophic levels. For example, if all producers are removed, there is a chance of death or migration of top...
If we kill all creatures in one trophic level, the supply of food to the next level will slow down leading to environmental inequality. As a result the animals at higher levels will die which makes...
Answer: d) All of the above Explanation: Using cloth bags instead of plastic bags, turning off the unused lights and fans, walking for a short distance travel instead of using vehicles are all a...
In the option, (b) Grass, goat and human Grass acts as the producer Goat acts as the primary consumer Man acts as the secondary consumer Hence, option (b) constitutes a food chain.
The groups (a), (c) and (d) contains only biodegradable items. (a) Grass, flowers and leather (c) Fruit peels, cake and lime juice (d) Cake, wood and grass The group (b) has plastic in it which is a...
Methods to reduce the problem of waste disposal: 3 R's: Following 3 R’s can reduce the problem of garbage disposal. 3 R’s stands for reduce, recycle and reuse. Reducing the use of their vehicles and...
Ozone is a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms and is known as oxygen isotope. The primary function of the ozone layer is to provide extra protection from the sun's harmful rays to the earth....
The ways in which non-biodegradable substances would affect the environment: 1. They cause air, soil, and water pollution. 2. It can cause bio magnification in the food chain that has led to human...
The ways in which biodegradable substances would affect the environment: 1. They keep the environment clean as it decomposes easily. 2. They can easily pass the geochemical cycle with the help of...
The reason why some substances are biodegradable and some are non-biodegradable is because microorganisms such as bacteria and decomposers as saprophytes have a specific role to play. They can only...
Role of a decomposer in the ecosystem: 1. Acts as an environmental cleaner by decomposing dead plants and animals 2. Helps to regenerate nutrients 3. Provides space for new creatures in the...
Food or energy transfer occurs at various levels and these levels in the food chain and this is known as trophic levels. Example: Food chain - Grass → Goat → Human 1. Grass - first trophic level 2....
i. What ecological term is used to describe the DDT accumulation at different trophic levels? ii. List anyone effect of DDT accumulation on birds iii. Will DDT accumulation lead to eutrophication?...
An electrostatic precipitator is a tool used to extract suspended dust particles from a gas. It uses high power charging to collect particles from charged plates. It has electrode cables that are...
Basic features of today's landfill site include- (i) Methods of containing leachates such as clay tablets or plastic sheets. (ii) Overcrowding and litter cover to prevent ventilation. (iii)...
The multipurpose trees are those trees that solve many purposes such as providing fruit, shade, timber, trees, etc. The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) has many uses. Its fruits are edible, its oil is...
The waterlogging and soil salinity are some of the problems that has arisen since the Green Revolution. Causes of this effect: 1. Irrigation without a proper water system. 2. The constant presence...
Organic farming is the use of bio-fertilizers in agriculture. Bio-fertilizers are organisms that enhance soil fertility by enriching it with nutrients. Bio fertilizers are bacteria, fungi and...
Electronic waste products are the remnants of electronic applications after use such as phone batteries, computers, televisions etc. These wastes are buried in countries that cause soil pollution...
i. The power generation by the above two methods is non-polluting True/False. ii. List any two applications of solar energy iii. What is a photovoltaic cell? i) Both methods are actually...
The number of birds decreases as the concentration of DDT in their body increases and causes a disruption in the body's calcium causing a decrease in egg shells and premature rupture.
As a result of excessive absorption of UV rays, the flames cause damage to the cornea resulting in snow blindness and vision loss can happen temporarily.
The main idea behind the "Joint Forest Management Concept" introduced by the Government of India is to encourage local communities to identify and protect forests and create jobs.
The slashing and burning of agriculture, also known as Jhum farming, have also contributed to deforestation. In this type of planting, farmers cut down the forest trees and burn the crop residues....
India's National Forest Commission recommended forest protection for the comparison of hills rather than plains to reduce the risk of soil erosion and landslides.
Trees and shrubs near the boundary walls of buildings are not only designed for decoration but also as barriers to noise pollution, air purifiers and dust absorbers. This is important for human...
Carbon dioxide is one of the most common greenhouse gases. Harmful effects of rising greenhouse gases are increased global warming, melting glaciers, human respiratory issues, etc.
When the level of dissolved oxygen falls to zero and many aquatic animals die because they do not get the oxygen dissolved to breathe. This leads to the septic of water.
Hybrid Vehicle technology: Hybrid Vehicle technology is a technology that allows a car to operate in two ways such as gasoline and CNG. Benefits: 1. As CNG is a green fuel, fuel is stored and...
Yes, carpets and rugs on the floor can really reduce noise because these absorb sound waves. They act as a sound blockers.
Recycling is the best solution for the treatment of electronic waste.
Reforestation is the restoration of a forest that once existed but was removed some time ago.
Major kinds of impurities in domestic wastewater: 1. Soluble substances such as nutrients (nitrates, phosphates, sodium, and calcium) 2. Colloidal materials such as sewage, bacteria, fabric, etc. 3....
An increase in the concentration of toxins in successive trophic levels in the food chain is known as Biomagnification.
The overgrowth of free floating algae caused by the diversity of water bodies in various ways is called algal bloom.
The fertilizer industry is an industry that can cause both air and thermal pollution and as well as eutrophication.
Examples of plants used as windbreakers: 1. Jamun 2. Imli 3. Neem 4. Babul
The combination of Polyblend and bitumen compounds, when used for road construction, improve bitumen retaining structures, which is why they help to increase road life by a third rate.
The Polyblend raw materials are Polythene. Polyblends are natural man-made fibers made from a mixture of two or more polymers.
The breathing and respiratory problems as well as the irritation are two side effects of particulate matter in human health.
Pollution from human activities such as industrial and domestic pollutants can greatly accelerate the aging process. This process is known as Cultural Eutrophication or Accelerated Eutrophication.
The water supply drawn from the high water tanks is drawn mainly from wells such as the river, bore well, etc. and they carry sand. These sand particles are a source of mud found in water tanks.
Delhi is the city in our country where the entire public road transport runs on CNG.
In India, the Air Prevention and Control of Pollution Act came into force in 1981. But in 1987, it was amended to include Sound as an air pollutant.
When lead containing petrol is used in such vehicles, the lead of the fuel will not work as a catalyst and will cause the release of unheated hydrocarbons into the air which will lead to air...
a. CO2 b. Methyl Isocyanate c. CFC d. Methyl Cyanate Answer: b. Methyl Isocyanate Explanation: On the night of December 2-3, 1984 a cloud of methyl iso-cyanate (MIC) was formed in Bhopal, Madhya...
Column IColumn IIA. UVi. BiomagnificationB. Biodegradable Organic matterii. EutrophicationC. DDTiii. Snow blindnessD. Phosphatesiv. BOD Column IColumn IIA. UViii. Snow blindnessB. Biodegradable...
a. their pigments b. excretion of coloured substances c. formation of coloured chemicals in water facilitated by physiological degradation of algae. d. absorption of light by an algal cell wall....
a. carbon b. sulphur c. calcium d. phosphorus Answer: d. phosphorus Explanation: Phosphorus in the form of phosphates and nitrates acts as nutrients that creates flowering. The increasing growth of...
a. Hepatitis-B b. Jaundice c. Cholera d. Typhoid Answer; a. Hepatitis-B Explanation: Hepatitis B is a viral infection. It shows symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, weakness, fatigue, etc. This...
a. Bacteria b. Colloids c. Dissolved solids d. Suspended solids Answer: d. Suspended solids Explanation: The suspended solids in water refers to the various contaminants such as sand, small stones,...
a. To reduce the emission of sulphur dioxide in exhaust fumes b. To increase the efficiency of automobiles engines c. To use sulphur removed from petroleum for commercial purposes d. To increase the...
a. carbon dioxide and water b. carbon monoxide c. methane d. carbon dioxide and methane Answer: a. carbon dioxide and water Explanation: Catalytic converters are installed in cars to reduce...
Column IColumn IIA. Environment Protection Acti. 1974B. Air Prevention & Control of Pollution Actii. 1987C. Water Actiii. 1986D. Amendment of Air Act to include noise as an air pollutantiv. 1981...
a. office equipment b. transport system c. sugar, textile and paper industries d. oil refineries and thermal power plants. Answer: b. transport system Explanation: The impact of environmental...
a. 150 dB. b. 215 dB. c. 30 dB. d. 80 dB Answer: d. 80 dB Explanation: The maximum noise that a human can withstand without disturbance is 80db. One can feel the drop as 0 db. But this frequency and...
a. blue-green algae b. red algae c. green algae d. both (a) and (c) Answer: d. both (a) and (c) Explanation: Green scum seen on the water body includes green algae as well as blue green algae....
a. burning coal b. burning cooking gas c. burning mosquito coil d. room spray Answer: a. burning coal Explanation: Both the burning of coal and the burning of the mosquito coil will cause chemical...
a. The Montreal protocol is associated with the control of emission of Ozone-depleting substances b. Methane and carbon dioxide are greenhouse gases c. Dobson units are used to measure the oxygen...
a. Cotton b. Paper c. Bone d. Jute Answer: c. Bone Explanation: The bones will take the longest time to degrade. Bones are made up of proteins (especially collagen), rare minerals (calcium,...
a. dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane b. dichloro diethyl trichloroethane c. dichloro dipyridyl trichloroethane d. dichloro diphenyl tetrachloroacetate Answer: a. dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane...
a. SO2 b. Mercury c. DDT d. Both b & c Answer: d. Both b & c Explanation: Biomagnification refers to an increase in the concentration of toxic substances at successive trophic levels. This...
a. Azolla b. Wolffia c. Eichhornia d. Trapa Answer: c. Eichhornia Explanation: Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) is the world's most serious aquatic weed, also known as the "Terror of Bengal"....
a. propane b. methane c. ethane d. butane Answer: b. methane Explanation: Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is especially methane. In 2002, public transport vehicles in Delhi switched to CNG by...
a. cotton b. coir c. wood d. Styrofoam Reason: d. Styrofoam Explanation: Materials used for sound closures of rooms such as chronicle studio, Movie Theater, conference hall that fills in the sound...
a. 2.5-micrometre b. 5.0-micrometer c. 10.0-micrometer d. 7.5 micrometre Answer: a. 2.5-micrometre Explanation: An issue that causes air pollution is categorized into a stable (greater than 10) and...
a. nature b. excessive use of resources c. humans d. natural disasters Answer: c. humans Explanation: The Non-degradable waste refers to toxic substances that are not damaged or naturally decomposed...
German naturalist and geologist Alexandar von Humboldt noted that within the region a large number of extinct species with continuous growth are possible, but only reaching a limit. In the...
The Rivet popper hypothesis is a description of the threat to animals and plants. Paul Ehrlich thought that the aircraft was called an ecosystem and parts of aero aircraft referred to local species....
The conflict between humans and wildlife began with the existence of man, and the intensity of the conflict has grown as a result of modern human activities. This is a true statement. Over the...
Paul Ehrlich has taken nature as an airplane composed of thousands of cracks showing different species. If every passenger starts to get off the rivet, the plane will not be safe, moreover the...
Biodiversity can be saved by enforcing strict conservation strategies and policies with regard to natural resource management. We, the people, must always be aware of the diversity and importance of...
Decreases or extinctions may occur when other species are included with native species. Present species change the entire habitat because many native species only grow in particular. Some attackers,...
With the extinction of a species, the species of plants and animals that accompany it in this way also cease to exist and this process is known as co-extinction. For example, plant and pollinator...
The diversity of species decreases as we move from the equator to the poles because the sunlight is less visible due to the oblique sunlight but the equator having more direct sunlight rays. Cold...
Biodiversity offers a wide range of goods from agricultural crops to trees and events where exact value and cost can be provided. 1. Food: A large number of wild plants are eaten by humans as 90% of...
The services provided by the ecosystem are called ecosystem services. Four important environmental services are, 1. Air and water purification 2. Provides shelter and food for wildlife. 3....
Yes, tropical areas really do have a lot of solar energy because sunlight is directed toward the equator and on the other hand, the sunlight in the highlands comes with a more slanted radiation.
The coral reefs are found in marine areas, mangrove vegetation and rivers also found in coastal areas and are located near the sea. I therefore suggest Australia to learn about coral reefs,...
The sacred groves are found on the hills of Kasi and Jaintia in Meghalaya, on the hills of Aravalli in Rajasthan, the Western Ghats in the Karnataka region and in Maharashtra and Sarguja among many...
An endangered species is a classified species that is likely to become extinct soon. Examples: 1. An estimated 40,000 Asian elephants are left. 2. The average Bengal Tiger 2,500 remaining. 3....
The two main causes are Habitat Loss and Fragmentation which is an important cause of extinction of plants and animals and overuse of natural resources by humans.
Humans are heterotrophs that rely on natural sources. The Amazon rainforest provides about 40% of oxygen for humans and some sources are diatoms. Foods such as grains, lumps, fruits all of which are...
The scientists prepare a clear statistical representation of the tropical regions as well as calculate gross estimation of a number of the biomass of the species.
Reasons of the extinction of amphibian: 1. Climate change 2. Chytridiomycosis
1. The speed of the decline in the population. 2. Certain Geographical regions. 3. The size of the population is observed.
It is very difficult to distinguish bacteria with our eyes. There are germs that cannot be cultured in normal media which makes it difficult to study their biochemistry. Culture media can be easily...
The great diversity of life is found in tropical and subtropical areas because of its close proximity to the equator.
No. It is impossible to always preserve the product and the natural community for more than a hundred years. This is because over time the population size increases which leads to the depletion of...
According to Alexander Von Humboldt, as the richness of the species gradually grows when explosions will also increase. This is due to the availability of natural resources which is also...
Example of the loss of one species leading to the extinction of another is the relationship of plant and pollinator. In this case, if one of them disappears leading to the final extinction of the...
Reasons for the loss of biodiversity: The loss of habitat and fragmentation is a major cause of this problem because this results in depletion of natural resources leading to food shortages for...
The mass extinction which occurred earlier was due to the natural calamities such as flood, volcanic eruption and so on. The recently occurring extinction is a lot faster when compared to the...
Similarity between the two species in the above figure is that both the species are vertebrates’ The Tiger is from mammalian phylum whereas the snake is from reptilian phylum.
Similarity between the two species in the above figure is that both the species are angiosperms.
(i) Bioprospecting: The process of discovering plant and animal species in which medicines and other commercial valuables are available is called the bioprospecting. (ii) Endemism: An ecosystem of...
The IUCN is an international organization found in France and the expansion of IUCN is, I - International U - Union of C - Conservation of N – Nature
The term Frugivorous means the birds and animals that eat fruits and is found in the tropical forests.
The gene pool is the group of genes in a population of interbreeding organisms that involve each gene at a particular frequency in relative to its alleles.
The Red Book Data includes records of all endangered species and about 784 species recorded there are 338 vertebrates, 359 invertebrates and 87 are plants.
The plant Rauwolfia vomitoria produces a variety of chemicals that have medicinal properties, the most important of which is the reserpine used to treat mental illness. This alkaloid is extracted...
Species diversityEcological diversityThe diversity at the level of species and is resistant to rare disturbances is known as species diversity.The diversity at the level of ecosystem and the changes...
Endemic speciesExotic speciesEndemic species are local or indigenous species found in a particular geographical area,Exotic species are localized and are derived from one geographical region to...
1. The hotspots of biodiversity are the safe and richest region on biodiversity, especially for those species threatened by humans, so their protection could reduce the current rate of extinction....
In the IUCN Red List, the ‘Red’ indicates the species which are endangered and is at a very high risk of going extinct.
1. The agricultural fields are excellent examples of man-made nature. 2. This is known to show very low variability but the output is very high.
The great diversity of ecology in India is due to geographical diversity with various geographical features, e.g. Deserts, rain forests, mangroves, coral reefs, wetlands, estuaries and mountain...
Causes for mass extinction of species in the past: 1. Natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions, floods, droughts etc. 2. Due to temperature changes 3. Due to the fall of sea level
Characteristics for a stable community: 1. Slight variations in annual production 2. Resistance to occasional interruptions 3. Resistance to external attacks
a. Gymnosperms b. Algae c. Bryophytes d. Fungi Answer: d. Fungi Explanation: The fungi is a group of eukaryotic heteromorphic organisms with various forms, sizes, physiology, and reproductive mode....
a. All are in situ conservation methods. b. All are ex-situ conservation methods. c. All require ultra-modern equipment and large space. d. All are methods of conservation of extinct organisms...
a. CITES Convention b. The Earth Summit c. G-16 Summit d. MAB Programme Answer: b. The Earth Summit Explanation: The UNCED, also known as the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, Rio Summit, Rio Conference,...
a. Tropics b. Temperates c. Alpines d. Both (a) & (b) Answer: a. Tropics Explanation: A tropical rain forest is a biome that occurs in regions with high temperatures and high rainfall. This...
a. Datura b. Rauwolfia c. Atropa d. Papaver Answer: b. Rauwolfia Explanation: Reserpine is an indole alkaloid, antipsychotic, and antihypertensive drug used to control high blood pressure and...
a. Taiga forest b. Tundra forest c. Amazon rain forest d. Rain forests of North East India Answer: c. Amazon rain forest Explanation: The Amazon's Tropical Rainforest is known as the planet 'lungs'...
a. Mangroves b. Desert c. Coral reefs d. Alpine meadows Answer: c. Coral reefs Explanation: A coral reef is an underwater creature. Rivers are composed of colonies of coral polyps held together by...
a. Parthenium is an endemic species of our country. b. African catfish is not a threat to indigenous catfishes. c. Steller’s sea cow is an extinct animal. d. Lantana is popularly known as carrot...
a. Increased number of predatory birds. b. Overexploitation by humans. c. Non-availability of the food. d. Bird flu virus infection. Answer: b. Overexploitation by humans Explanation: The main...
a. All are endangered species of India. b. All are keystone species. c. All are mammals found in India. d. All the species are neither threatened nor indigenous species of India Answer: d. All the...
a. Rauwolfia serpentina b. Santalum album (Sandalwood) c. Cycas beddonei d. All of the above Answer: d. All of the above Explanation: Endangered species are the most endangered species at a very...
a. Insects b. Mammals c. Amphibians d. Reptiles Answer: c. Amphibians Explanation: According to the IUCN regional red listing guidelines, 12% of all the birds species, 23% of all mammals species,...
a. Bitar Kanika b. Bandipur c. Kaziranga d. Corbett park Answer: c. Kaziranga Explanation: Kaziranga National Park is a name that reflects the popular conservation efforts of endangered species such...
a. All are ornamental plants b. All are phylogenic link species c. All are prone to overexploitation d. All are exclusively present in the Eastern Himalayas. Answer: c. All are prone to...
Column IColumn IIA. Dodoi. AfricaB. Quaggaii. RussiaC. Thylacineiii. MauritiusD. Stellar’s sea cowiv. Australia Column IColumn IIA. Dodoiii. MauritiusB. Quaggai. AfricaC. Thylacineiv. AustraliaD....
a. A large number of species b. An abundance of endemic species c. Mostly located in the tropics d. Mostly located in the Polar Regions Answer: c. Mostly located in the tropics Explanation: The...
a. The rain forest of North-East India b. Sunderbans c. The Thar Desert d. Western Ghats Answer: a. The rain forest of North-East India. Explanation: Nepenthes khasiana is a type of pitcher plant...
a. Lantana b. Cynodon c. Parthenium d. Eichhornia Answer: b. Cynodon Explanation: Non-native species are species that can enter the external ecosystem and compete with habitat, food and other...
a. Destruction of habitat b. Invasion by alien species c. Keeping animals in zoological parks d. Over-exploitation of natural resources Answer: c. Keeping animals in zoological parks. Explanation:...
a. Brazil b. South Africa c. Russia d. India Answer: a. Brazil Explanation: Brazil is one of the world's most biologically diverse countries. One tenth of the world's species live here. India is in...
Solution: Option (a) is the answer. During secondary treatment, a huge amount of activated sludge is generated, which is used as an inoculum, and a small portion of it is piped back to the massive...
Solution: Option (c) is the answer 1. The bacteria lactobacillus converts the lactose in the milk into lactic acid, resulting in curd. 2. The nutritional content of the curd will change in...
◆A sequence of DNA that reads the same whether read from 5’ -> 3’ or from 3’ -> 5’direction is a palindromic sequence. ◆These are the sites for action of restriction enzymes. Almost all...
(a) Plasmid DNA and Chromosomal DNA (b) RNA and DNA (c) Exonuclease and Endonuclease A) Plasmid DNA ◆Plasmid DNA Chromosomal DNA It is an extra chromosomal DNA molecule found...
(a) PCR (b) Restriction enzymes and DNA (c) Chitinase Solution: 1.PCR ◆PCR or polymerase chain reaction is a technique to amplify a gene or a DNA fragment in...
DNA CONSTRUCT ●A collective DNA construct is introduced into the cell where the reporter gene is used as a selectable marker to discover the successful uptake of foreign genes. ● Example...
◆Meiosis is a process involving a reduction in the quantity of genetic material . ◆ type of cell division- It occurs in two phases are - 1.meiosis I 2.meiosis II ◆ pachytene event...
◆Stirred tank bioreactors are developed for a large-scale production of biotechnology products but the shake flask method is used for a small-scale production of biotechnological products carried...
● Eukaryotic cells do not have restriction endonucleases as the DNA of eukaryotes cells is highly methylated by methylase – a modification enzyme. ● Methylation safeguards the DNA from the...
◆ Molar concentration of human being DNA in a human is : ◆6.023 x 1023 x Total number of chromosomes ◆6.023 x 1023 x 46 ◆2.77 x 1023 moles ◆ 2.77 x 1023 moles is the molar concentration of DNA...
●Compared to DNA molecules, enzymes are smaller in size. ● DNA comprises genetic material, which is essential for the normal development and functioning of living cells. ●A DNA molecule...
●Steps in the formation of recombinant DNA by action of restriction endonuclease enzyme written as – EcoRI ●It can be diagrammatically represent as -
●Recombinant proteins used in medical practice which are obtained from the recombinant DNA technique . ●In this technology a particular gene is transferred from one organism to...
(a) Label the parts indicated by the guidelines 1 to 8. (b) How does the uterus prepare for the reception of zygote? (c) What happens to the uterus, if fertilization fails to take place? (a) The...
Solution: (a) Eutrophication – It is the natural aging process of a lake induced by nutrient enrichment caused by the influx of nutrients such as fertilizers, animal wastes, and sewage from land,...
Solution: An ovule is a female megasporangium from where megaspores formation takes place. The various parts of an ovule are –1) Funicle - It is a stalk-like structure that serves as the point of...
Solution: The mitotic division (reduction division) of the mother megaspore gives rise to female gametophytes. The megaspore divides mitotically thrice to form firstly 2 then 4 and out of these 4...
Solution: An ovule is a female megasporangium from where megaspores formation takes place. The various parts of an ovule are –1) Funicle - It is a stalk-like structure that serves as the point of...
Solution: A population is a group of creatures belonging to the same species that live in a specific geographical area at a specified time and work together as a unit. The population of humans, for...
Solution: (d) One creature benefits, while the other is affected. Parasitism is a sort of interspecies interaction in which one species (parasite) benefits while the other species (host) suffers...
Solution: The logistic population growth curve is most commonly observed in yeast cells produced in laboratory circumstances, and it contains five phases: The lag phase - the population of yeast...
Solution: (a) Commensalism Commensalism is the interaction between two species in which one benefits while the other stays unaffected. Barnacles adhering to a whale's body and an orchid growing on...
Solution: A population is a collection of individuals of the same species living in a specific geographical area at the same time and acting as a unit. A community can be defined as a group of...
Solution: Crows, sparrows, cranes, cows, rabbits, rats, etc. are examples of endothermic animals. Amphibians, sharks, frogs, snakes, tortoises, and lizards are examples of ectothermic animals....
Solution: Abiotic environmental factors are formed by all the non-living components of an ecosystem which includes the following: Temperature – It is one of the most important elements that vary...
Solution: (a) Adaptations of desert plants and animals Desert plants: The blazing heat and shortage of water are two of the most severe conditions found in deserts. Desert plants have adapted to...
Solution: The differences are as follows: (a) Hibernation and Aestivation HibernationAestivationWinter sleep, also known as hibernation, is a state of reduced activity exhibited in some organisms in...
Solution: The biological management approach of managing pest insects is based on the ecological principle of predation. Predation is the biological interaction between a predator and prey in which...
Solution: Epiphytes, often known as air plants, are organisms that grow on other plants. An orchid growing on the branch of a mango tree is an example of an epiphyte. Such plants get their nutrients...
Solution: A category of animals that feeds only on plants is known as herbivores and this state or condition is called herbivory. Plants have evolved mechanisms both chemical and morphological, to...
Solution: If food resources are adequately available to individuals in a population, it grows exponentially. To estimate the exponential growth, we can use the integral form of exponential growth...
(a) Greenhouse gases (b) Catalytic converter (c) Ultraviolet B Solution: The following are discussed briefly below- (a) Greenhouse gases The global increase in the average temperature of the Earth...
Solution: The population can be defined as a group of entities belonging to the same species, residing in a specific geographical area at a particular time, which also functioning together as a...
Solution: Thermophiles or Archaebacteria are ancient forms of bacteria that are found in deep-sea hydrothermal vents and hot water springs. They are able to tolerate the high temperature, which...
Solution: Delhi is the fourth most polluted city in the world, according to a list of 41 cities. The use of fossil fuels contributes to Delhi's air pollution. Several steps have been taken to...
Solution: The chances of survival of marine fish will reduce if placed in a freshwater aquarium as their bodies are accustomed to an environment with higher salt concentrations. In a freshwater...
Solution: Diapause is a phase of suspended development in an insect, other invertebrates, or mammal embryo, to deal with undesirable conditions. Several species of Zooplankton and insects go through...
(a) Radioactive wastes (b) Defunct ships and e-wastes (c) Municipal solid wastes Solution: The following topics are explained below- (a) Radioactive wastes These are the wastes produced when...
Solution: Listed below are some measures that can be taken to prevent environmental pollution: To reduce air pollution, clean and renewable energy sources such as biofuels and compressed natural gas...
Solution: The role of communities and women in protecting and conserving forests has been significant. (i) The Chipko Movement In 1974, the ladies of the hamlet in the Garhwal region of the...
Solution: Antarctica has more ozone holes than the rest of the world. They are generated as the concentration of chlorine in the environment rises. Chlorine is largely released by...
Column AColumn B(a) Catalytic converter(i) Particulate matter(b) Electrostatic precipitator(ii) Carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides(c) Earmuffs(iii) High noise level(d) Landfills(iv) Solid wastes...
Solution: An increase in the average temperature of the surface of the earth is termed Global warming. It can be caused due to the following reasons: (i) Global warming is caused by a rise in the...
Solution: Yes, there is a simple way to limit the consumption of these wastes. This can be accomplished by reducing the use of plastics and substituting other materials. Paper waste may be reduced...
Solution: Apomixis is the process of seed formation, where the seed forms without the occurrence of fertilization. This is basically the process of meiosis and syngamy. It is of high importance and...
Solution: Tapetum is the innermost layer of microsporangium and plays an important role in the formation of pollen grain walls. It provides the required nourishment to the maturing pollen grains....
Solution: Domestic sewage is the waste generated by households, including waste from the toilet, kitchen, laundry, and other sources. It comprises disease-causing germs, suspended solids (clay,...
Solution: Parthenocarpy is a method, where fruits are developed without fertilization, and the fruits bear no seeds. This process is best suited for fruits that are devoid of seeds such as...
Solution: Emasculation refers to the removal of stems from bisexual flowers which later matures and form anther. This is done in order to avoid self-pollination in the flowers. This technique is...
Solution: A false fruit is one that is derived from some secondary parts like the floral part and not from the ovary. Apple is derived from the thalamus (secondary part) and is hence called a false...
Solution: Epicotyl and hypocotyl EpicotylHypocotylHere the region of the embryo is above the cotyledon.Here the region of the embryo is below the cotyledon.Epicotyl terminates from the...
Solution: The zygote remains inactive into an embryo until a certain amount of endosperm is formed. It provides the necessary nutrition to the developing embryo. This endosperm is formed from the...
Solution: Triple fusion occurs when two polar nuclei and a sperm nucleus fuses within the embryo sac of flowering plants. The events that take place in triple fusion are; The pollen grains get...
Solution: The bagging technique is helpful in the prevention of fertilization of stigma by any undesired pollen. This is done by covering the emasculated flower (a flower whose anther is removed is...
Solution: Self-incompatibility refers to a genetically controlled mechanism, where pollen grains are unable to completely grow on the stigma of the flower. This process prevents self-pollination and...
Solution: The two strategies involved in preventing self-pollination in flowers are: Dichogamy – It refers to the production of male and female reproductive organs at different times. Occurs with...
Yes, there has been such a situation in which various parasites and microorganisms may need to be eradicated from the earth. Scientists are working hard to eradicate this parasite as these insects...
There is a significant difference in the percentage of plant species (22%) and animal species (72%). The reasons for this difference are, 1. Adapting of animals in changing environments for survival...
The ecosystem consists of two types of substances. They are the abiotic and the biotic elements. While the abiotic components are air, light, water, temperature, soil, etc., the biotic components...
The Sacred groves are known as the tracts of forest restored in the places of worship. These are found in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Meghalaya. These...
Importance of Biodiversity: 1. An ecosystem is more stable when it has a high species diversity when compared to a low species diversity ecosystem. 2. Higher biodiversity causes the environment to...
Biodiversity is the diversity of species found in different ecosystems including the diversity observed in living species from various sources such as air, water and land. However, the world's...
The slope is very helpful in finding local habitat relationships. Analysis of the geographical relationship in the sub-regions reveals that the rates of recurrence slopes are the same regardless of...
As tropical areas receive more solar energy compared to tropical areas, it leads to a higher variety and higher productivity 2. Tropical regions have minimal seasonal variations and low-density...
Solution: Chasmogamous flowers are flowers that have open petals such that the pollen and stigma (the reproductive organs) are exposed to allow cross-pollination. On top of that chasmogamous flowers...