The ozone layer is a protective layer in the earth's atmosphere. It prevents harmful UV rays from entering the world as these rays are dangerous and can lead to skin cancer. But air pollution such...

The bio degradable waste decomposes with the help of microorganisms into simple materials that can be used by manufacturers as raw materials. But the following are the consequences on the...

Problems caused by non-biodegradable wastes: 1. Cannot be decomposed by micro-organisms. 2. As the number increases, dumping becomes a problem. 3. Indestructible waste such as heavy metals can enter...

The biological magnification can be described as a continuous increase in the concentration of non-biodegradable waste in the food chain. As there is an increase in the initial level of the...

Yes, the effect of removing all living things at the trophic level will vary from different trophic levels. For example, if all producers are removed, there is a chance of death or migration of top...

If we kill all creatures in one trophic level, the supply of food to the next level will slow down leading to environmental inequality. As a result the animals at higher levels will die which makes...

Answer: d) All of the above Explanation: Using cloth bags instead of plastic bags, turning off the unused lights and fans, walking for a short distance travel instead of using vehicles are all a...

In the option, (b) Grass, goat and human Grass acts as the producer Goat acts as the primary consumer Man acts as the secondary consumer Hence, option (b) constitutes a food chain.

Methods to reduce the problem of waste disposal: 3 R's: Following 3 R’s can reduce the problem of garbage disposal. 3 R’s stands for reduce, recycle and reuse. Reducing the use of their vehicles and...

Ozone is a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms and is known as oxygen isotope. The primary function of the ozone layer is to provide extra protection from the sun's harmful rays to the earth....

The ways in which non-biodegradable substances would affect the environment: 1. They cause air, soil, and water pollution. 2. It can cause bio magnification in the food chain that has led to human...

The ways in which biodegradable substances would affect the environment: 1. They keep the environment clean as it decomposes easily. 2. They can easily pass the geochemical cycle with the help of...

The reason why some substances are biodegradable and some are non-biodegradable is because microorganisms such as bacteria and decomposers as saprophytes have a specific role to play. They can only...

Role of a decomposer in the ecosystem: 1. Acts as an environmental cleaner by decomposing dead plants and animals 2. Helps to regenerate nutrients 3. Provides space for new creatures in the...

Food or energy transfer occurs at various levels and these levels in the food chain and this is known as trophic levels. Example: Food chain - Grass → Goat → Human 1. Grass - first trophic level 2....

a. To reduce the emission of sulphur dioxide in exhaust fumes b. To increase the efficiency of automobiles engines c. To use sulphur removed from petroleum for commercial purposes d. To increase the...

German naturalist and geologist Alexandar von Humboldt noted that within the region a large number of extinct species with continuous growth are possible, but only reaching a limit. In the...

The Rivet popper hypothesis is a description of the threat to animals and plants. Paul Ehrlich thought that the aircraft was called an ecosystem and parts of aero aircraft referred to local species....

The conflict between humans and wildlife began with the existence of man, and the intensity of the conflict has grown as a result of modern human activities. This is a true statement. Over the...

Paul Ehrlich has taken nature as an airplane composed of thousands of cracks showing different species. If every passenger starts to get off the rivet, the plane will not be safe, moreover the...

Biodiversity can be saved by enforcing strict conservation strategies and policies with regard to natural resource management. We, the people, must always be aware of the diversity and importance of...

Decreases or extinctions may occur when other species are included with native species. Present species change the entire habitat because many native species only grow in particular. Some attackers,...

With the extinction of a species, the species of plants and animals that accompany it in this way also cease to exist and this process is known as co-extinction. For example, plant and pollinator...

The diversity of species decreases as we move from the equator to the poles because the sunlight is less visible due to the oblique sunlight but the equator having more direct sunlight rays. Cold...

Biodiversity offers a wide range of goods from agricultural crops to trees and events where exact value and cost can be provided. 1. Food: A large number of wild plants are eaten by humans as 90% of...

The services provided by the ecosystem are called ecosystem services. Four important environmental services are, 1. Air and water purification 2. Provides shelter and food for wildlife. 3....

Yes, tropical areas really do have a lot of solar energy because sunlight is directed toward the equator and on the other hand, the sunlight in the highlands comes with a more slanted radiation.

The coral reefs are found in marine areas, mangrove vegetation and rivers also found in coastal areas and are located near the sea. I therefore suggest Australia to learn about coral reefs,...

The sacred groves are found on the hills of Kasi and Jaintia in Meghalaya, on the hills of Aravalli in Rajasthan, the Western Ghats in the Karnataka region and in Maharashtra and Sarguja among many...

An endangered species is a classified species that is likely to become extinct soon. Examples: 1. An estimated 40,000 Asian elephants are left. 2. The average Bengal Tiger 2,500 remaining. 3....

The two main causes are Habitat Loss and Fragmentation which is an important cause of extinction of plants and animals and overuse of natural resources by humans.

Humans are heterotrophs that rely on natural sources. The Amazon rainforest provides about 40% of oxygen for humans and some sources are diatoms. Foods such as grains, lumps, fruits all of which are...

The scientists prepare a clear statistical representation of the tropical regions as well as calculate gross estimation of a number of the biomass of the species.

Reasons of the extinction of amphibian: 1. Climate change 2. Chytridiomycosis

1. The speed of the decline in the population. 2. Certain Geographical regions. 3. The size of the population is observed.

It is very difficult to distinguish bacteria with our eyes. There are germs that cannot be cultured in normal media which makes it difficult to study their biochemistry. Culture media can be easily...

The great diversity of life is found in tropical and subtropical areas because of its close proximity to the equator.

No. It is impossible to always preserve the product and the natural community for more than a hundred years. This is because over time the population size increases which leads to the depletion of...

According to Alexander Von Humboldt, as the richness of the species gradually grows when explosions will also increase. This is due to the availability of natural resources which is also...

Example of the loss of one species leading to the extinction of another is the relationship of plant and pollinator. In this case, if one of them disappears leading to the final extinction of the...

Reasons for the loss of biodiversity: The loss of habitat and fragmentation is a major cause of this problem because this results in depletion of natural resources leading to food shortages for...

The mass extinction which occurred earlier was due to the natural calamities such as flood, volcanic eruption and so on. The recently occurring extinction is a lot faster when compared to the...

Similarity between the two species in the above figure is that both the species are vertebrates’ The Tiger is from mammalian phylum whereas the snake is from reptilian phylum.

Similarity between the two species in the above figure is that both the species are angiosperms.

(i) Bioprospecting: The process of discovering plant and animal species in which medicines and other commercial valuables are available is called the bioprospecting. (ii) Endemism: An ecosystem of...

The IUCN is an international organization found in France and the expansion of IUCN is, I - International U - Union of C - Conservation of N – Nature

The term Frugivorous means the birds and animals that eat fruits and is found in the tropical forests.  

The gene pool is the group of genes in a population of interbreeding organisms that involve each gene at a particular frequency in relative to its alleles.

The Red Book Data includes records of all endangered species and about 784 species recorded there are 338 vertebrates, 359 invertebrates and 87 are plants.

The plant Rauwolfia vomitoria produces a variety of chemicals that have medicinal properties, the most important of which is the reserpine used to treat mental illness. This alkaloid is extracted...

Species diversityEcological diversityThe diversity at the level of species and is resistant to rare disturbances is known as species diversity.The diversity at the level of ecosystem and the changes...

Endemic speciesExotic speciesEndemic species are local or indigenous species found in a particular geographical area,Exotic species are localized and are derived from one geographical region to...

1. The hotspots of biodiversity are the safe and richest region on biodiversity, especially for those species threatened by humans, so their protection could reduce the current rate of extinction....

In the IUCN Red List, the ‘Red’ indicates the species which are endangered and is at a very high risk of going extinct.

1. The agricultural fields are excellent examples of man-made nature. 2. This is known to show very low variability but the output is very high.

The great diversity of ecology in India is due to geographical diversity with various geographical features, e.g. Deserts, rain forests, mangroves, coral reefs, wetlands, estuaries and mountain...

Causes for mass extinction of species in the past: 1. Natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions, floods, droughts etc. 2. Due to temperature changes 3. Due to the fall of sea level

Characteristics for a stable community: 1. Slight variations in annual production 2. Resistance to occasional interruptions 3. Resistance to external attacks

a. Gymnosperms b. Algae c. Bryophytes d. Fungi Answer: d. Fungi Explanation: The fungi is a group of eukaryotic heteromorphic organisms with various forms, sizes, physiology, and reproductive mode....

a. All are in situ conservation methods. b. All are ex-situ conservation methods. c. All require ultra-modern equipment and large space. d. All are methods of conservation of extinct organisms...

a. CITES Convention b. The Earth Summit c. G-16 Summit d. MAB Programme Answer: b. The Earth Summit Explanation: The UNCED, also known as the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, Rio Summit, Rio Conference,...

a. Tropics b. Temperates c. Alpines d. Both (a) & (b) Answer: a. Tropics Explanation: A tropical rain forest is a biome that occurs in regions with high temperatures and high rainfall. This...

a. Datura b. Rauwolfia c. Atropa d. Papaver Answer: b. Rauwolfia Explanation: Reserpine is an indole alkaloid, antipsychotic, and antihypertensive drug used to control high blood pressure and...

a. Taiga forest b. Tundra forest c. Amazon rain forest d. Rain forests of North East India Answer: c. Amazon rain forest Explanation: The Amazon's Tropical Rainforest is known as the planet 'lungs'...

a. Mangroves b. Desert c. Coral reefs d. Alpine meadows Answer: c. Coral reefs Explanation: A coral reef is an underwater creature. Rivers are composed of colonies of coral polyps held together by...

a. Parthenium is an endemic species of our country. b. African catfish is not a threat to indigenous catfishes. c. Steller’s sea cow is an extinct animal. d. Lantana is popularly known as carrot...

a. Increased number of predatory birds. b. Overexploitation by humans. c. Non-availability of the food. d. Bird flu virus infection. Answer: b. Overexploitation by humans Explanation: The main...

a. All are endangered species of India. b. All are keystone species. c. All are mammals found in India. d. All the species are neither threatened nor indigenous species of India Answer: d. All the...

a. Rauwolfia serpentina b. Santalum album (Sandalwood) c. Cycas beddonei d. All of the above Answer: d. All of the above Explanation: Endangered species are the most endangered species at a very...

a. Insects b. Mammals c. Amphibians d. Reptiles Answer: c. Amphibians Explanation: According to the IUCN regional red listing guidelines, 12% of all the birds species, 23% of all mammals species,...

a. Bitar Kanika b. Bandipur c. Kaziranga d. Corbett park Answer: c. Kaziranga Explanation: Kaziranga National Park is a name that reflects the popular conservation efforts of endangered species such...

a. All are ornamental plants b. All are phylogenic link species c. All are prone to overexploitation d. All are exclusively present in the Eastern Himalayas. Answer: c. All are prone to...

Column IColumn IIA. Dodoi. AfricaB. Quaggaii. RussiaC. Thylacineiii. MauritiusD. Stellar’s sea cowiv. Australia Column IColumn IIA. Dodoiii. MauritiusB. Quaggai. AfricaC. Thylacineiv. AustraliaD....

a. A large number of species b. An abundance of endemic species c. Mostly located in the tropics d. Mostly located in the Polar Regions Answer: c. Mostly located in the tropics Explanation: The...

a. The rain forest of North-East India b. Sunderbans c. The Thar Desert d. Western Ghats Answer: a. The rain forest of North-East India. Explanation: Nepenthes khasiana is a type of pitcher plant...

a. Lantana b. Cynodon c. Parthenium d. Eichhornia Answer: b. Cynodon Explanation: Non-native species are species that can enter the external ecosystem and compete with habitat, food and other...