Solution: A microbe that is used for the production of Swiss cheese is Penicillium Sherman which consumes the lactose protein in the cheese to form lactic acid. The production of carbon dioxide in...

Solution: Methanogens are the group of bacteria found in both the rumen of cattle and sludge of sewage treatment. Methanogens release methane gas. Microorganisms that create methane as a byproduct...

Solution: Viruses are typically much smaller than bacteria, with the bulk of them being submicroscopic. Helix symmetry is seen in rod-shaped viruses, An example of the rod-shaped virus is the...

Solution: Genetic modification is a technique that involves adding DNA into an organism's genome. New DNA is put into plant cells to create a GM plant. These cells are then cultivated in tissue...

Column I A. Ladybird B. Mycorrhiza C. Biological control D. BiogasColumn II i. Methane bacterium ii. Trichoderma iii. Aphids iv. Glomus Solution: The ladybird beetle is a biological pest control...

Bioactive Substance A. Statin B. Cyclosporin A C. Streptokinase D. LipaseRole i. Removal of oil stains ii. Removal of clots from blood vessels iii. Lowering of blood cholesterol iv....

Bacterium A. Aspergillus niger B. Acetobacter aceticC. Clostridium bretylium D. LactobacillusProduct i. Lactic acid ii. Butyric acid iii. Acetic acid iv. Citric acid Aspergillus niger is...

Bacteriophages are viruses that parasitize other viruses. Bacteriophages are viruses that assault bacteria and infect and proliferate within them. They are composed of nucleic acid molecules that...

Solution: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a type of bacteria that is commonly used to ferment or culture foods. Curd contains lactic acid bacteria (LAB). It can be used for a variety of purposes,...

Solution: a) The Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) will increase, resulting in the mortality of species such as fish due to a lack of oxygen in the water. As people drink water directly from the river,...

Solution: Biological pest and disease control is based on the interdependency of multiple ecosystem components. This method is also founded on the recognition of the possible harm caused by chemical...

(a) The Government of India's Ministry of Environment and Forests has launched two plans: i. Action Plan for the Ganga ii. Action Plan for the Yamuna These proposals called for a large number of...

Solution: Aerobic degradation is more significant than anaerobic degradation for the treatment of large volumes of organic-rich wastewaters because: i) the majority of the organic sludge is digested...

Solution: A 'biofertilizer' is a chemical that contains living microorganisms that encourage development by boosting the supply or availability of primary nutrients when applied to seed, plant...

Solution: Streptokinase, produced by the bacterium Streptococcus, is utilized as a 'clot buster.' This enzyme has a fibrinolytic activity, which means it breaks down clots that form in the blood...

Solution: Antibiotics with a broad spectrum of action are effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Chloramphenicol, for example, is used to treat typhoid, dysentery, acute...

Solution: Microbes aid in the reduction of chemical-induced environmental damage. Agriculture is a good example of bioremediation. Biofertilizers are made up of bacteria that enrich the soil by...

Solution: Biogas is made up of three different gases. Methane ($C{{H}_{3}}$) makes up roughly 60-70 percent of the overall volume, carbon dioxide ($C{{O}_{2}}$) makes up about 30-40 percent, and...

Solution: Lipase and proteases are examples of enzymes that are crucial in detergents. They're used in detergents to clean and remove oily stains from clothing. These enzymes are derived from the...

Solution: As a number of bioactive molecules are important in the medical treatment of people, bioactive molecules of fungal origin aid in the restoration of human health. a) A statin is a drug that...

Solution: Sir Alexander Fleming White discovered penicillin while researching Staphytococd bacteria. Ernst Chain and Howard Florey, on the other hand, discovered its full potential as an effective...

Solution: Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin by accident in 1921. When he returned from a vacation, he discovered that one of his staphylococcus culture plates had become infected with mold....

Solution: Cyanobacteria can fix nitrogen in the atmosphere. The soil conditions in paddy fields provide an ideal environment for nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria to thrive. Biofertilizers such as...

Solution: Mycorrhiza is a fungus that aids the plants that harbor it in drawing more nutrients from the soil, such as phosphorus, and transferring it to the host plant. This also aids ion in drawing...

Solution: The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis aids in the control of insect pest caterpillars by producing an endotoxin in the caterpillar's midgut after it is ingested by the pest. The endotoxin...

Solution: Flocs are bacterial masses that are linked together by fungal filaments to produce a mesh-like structure. The majority of the organic material in the sludge is digested by flocs. As a...

Solution: A substance that suppresses the immune system's response. It weakens the body's defenses against infections and other disorders including cancer. To prevent a person from rejecting a bone...

Solution: Enzymes are biological catalysts that are macromolecular in nature. Chemical reactions are sped up by them. Amylases and lipase are two industrially important enzymes. Amylase is a starch...

Solution: The Ganga action plan involves the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.

Solution: Penicillium roqueforti is the type of penicillium that is used to produces Roquefort cheese. It forms when the cheese starts ripening. Penicillium roqueforti is also used to give a...

Solution: Blue-green algae have the ability to multiply in water and fix nitrogen. Paddy, on the other hand, is the only crop that can thrive in stagnant water. The majority of other crops do not...

Solution: ECORI's source organism is Escherichia coli restriction endonucleases (e.g., E.Coli). It's a rod-shaped, gram-negative bacteria found in the intestines of warm-blooded mammals.

Solution: In the realm of biotechnology, microbes are commonly utilized to produce primary and secondary metabolites. These have a wide range of applications in agriculture, medicine, and...

Solution: Because the microbes in the rumen (a part of the stomach) of cattle, collectively known as methanogens, are capable of digesting cellulose and have cellulase enzyme, we would be able to...

Solution: The most important feature that Aspergillus Niger, Clostridium butylicum, and Lactobacillus have in common is that they are all microorganisms involved in the creation of acids....

Solution: Different types of alcoholic drinks are produced depending on the type of raw material used for fermentation and the style of processing (with or without distillation). Wine and beer are...

Solution: Antibiotics produced by bacteria are widely recognized as one of the most important discoveries of the twentieth century, and they have made a tremendous contribution to human wellbeing....

Solution: In farms, nucleopolyhydro viruses are employed to manage pests and other arthropods. These viruses are narrow-spectrum, meaning they have no effect on plants, cattle, humans, or non-target...

Solution: Secondary waste water treatment is called biological treatment because microorganisms are involved in the breakdown of organic matter in this phase of waste water treatment. The primary...

Solution: The fermenter is a vessel or apparatus that is used to conduct microbial fermentation for the commercial manufacture of specific chemicals. Fermenters come in a variety of shapes and...

Solution: Option (a) is the answer. To be pumped back to the aeration tank, the activated sludge must settle fast. 'Be swiftly pumped back from the sedimentation tank to the aeration tank' is the...

Solution: Option (a) is the answer. Methanogens are a type of prokaryotic bacteria that belongs to the Archaea phylum. - Prokaryotes are organisms that lack a well-defined nucleus and cell...

Solution: Option (c) is the answer Because it provides certain organic compounds and minerals to the soil, the residue remaining after methane production from calf dung is used as manure. As a...

Solution: Option (c) is the answer. When Propionibacterium shermani consumes lactic acid, it produces carbon dioxide and bubbles. Big holes appear in the Swiss cheese as a result of the bubbles. As...

Solution: Option (d) is the answer. Nitrogen fixation is aided by Anabaena, Nostoc, and Azotobacter. Pseudomonas, on the other hand, execute denitrification, which is the conversion of nitrates to...

Solution: Option (d) is the answer. Mycorrhizae aids the host plant in boosting its phosphorus uptake capability and drought tolerance. Mycorrhiza produces compounds that protect against pathogens...

Solution: The microorganisms' ability to break down and destroy the organic materials in sewage or activated sludge is dependent on oxygen. The degradation rate will slow if the oxygen availability...

Solution: Option (b) is the answer. Trichoderma fungi are free-living fungi found in abundance in root habitats. They are employed in the treatment of plant diseases and are efficient biocontrol...

Solution: Option (c) is the answer. The Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) and the Khadi & Village Industries Commission (KVIC) were instrumental in developing the method for...

Solution: Option (a) is the answer. Wine is an alcoholic beverage made without the use of distillation, whereas whiskey, rum, and brandy are made by distilling a fermented broth. Depending on the...

Solution: The amount of oxygen consumed when all the organic matter in one liter is oxidized by bacteria is known as biological oxygen demand (BOD). Thus, the amount of oxygen used is used to...

Solution: Option (b) is the answer. Filtration and sedimentation are used in the initial treatment to physically remove particles from the sewage. These are removed first by sequential filtering,...