A dipole is placed in an electric field as shown. In which direction will it move?

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A dipole is placed in an electric field as shown. In which direction will it move?

(1) Towards the left as its potential energy will increase.

(2) Towards the right as its potential energy will decrease.

(3) Towards the left as its potential energy will decrease.

(4) Towards the right as its potential energy will increase.

Solution: Answer (2)

The potential energy of electric dipole in an external electric field is U = –PEcos(theta)

In this case, the angle between electric field and the electric dipole is 180°. So we can write:

U = –PEcos(theta)

U = –PEcos180°

U = +PE

As you move to the right, the strength of the electric field weakens, and so the potential energy diminishes. The net force acting on the electric dipole is to the right, and the net torque is zero. As a result, it will lean more to the right.

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