Answer:

Intermixing orbitals of various energies to redistribute their energy and create new orbitals with equal energies and forms.

The new orbitals are hybridized. In this way, two s orbitals merge to generate 2sp hybrid orbitals of equal shape and energy.

a) sp hybrid

S- and p-orbitals combine to generate 2 sp hybrid orbitals. The sp hybrid orbital is linear.

b) sp2 hybrid

1 s orbital + 2 p orbitals = 3 sp2 hybrid orbitals The sp2 orbital is trigonometric.

c) sp3 hybrid

The first s- orbital hybridizes with three p- orbitals to create 4 sp3. Sp3 orbital is a tetrahedron.