, and 
.Solution: The difference in electronegativity between constituent atoms determines the ionic character of a molecule. As a result, the greater the difference, the greater the ionic character of a...
Solution: The bond pair of electrons are not shared equally when two unique atoms with different electronegativities join to form a covalent bond. The bond pair is attracted to the nucleus of an...
Solution: "Electronegativity refers to an atom's ability to attract a bond pair of electrons towards itself in a chemical compound." Sr. No Electronegativity Electron affinity 1 A tendency to...
Solution: There is a difference in electro-negativities of constituents of the atom in a heteronuclear molecule, which causes polarisation. As a result, one end gains a positive charge, while the...
and 
are triatomic molecules, the shape of the molecule is bent while that of is linear. Explain this on the basis of dipole moment.Solution: $CO_2$ has a dipole moment of 0 according to experimental results. And it's only possible if the molecule's shape is linear, because the dipole moments of the C-O bond are equal and...
Solution: Below is a list of Lewis symbols. To form a cation, a metal atom loses one or more electrons, while a nonmetal atom gains one or more electrons. Ionic bonds are formed between cations and...
Solution: Below is a list of Lewis symbols. To form a cation, a metal atom loses one or more electrons, while a nonmetal atom gains one or more electrons. Ionic bonds are formed between cations and...
, and 
Solution: Resonance is the phenomenon that allows a molecule to be expressed in multiple ways, none of which fully explain the molecule's properties. The molecule's structure is called a resonance...
can be represented by structures 1 and 2 shown below. Can these two structures be taken as the canonical forms of the resonance hybrid representing ? If not, give reasons for the same.Solution: The positions of the atoms remain constant in canonical forms, but the positions of the electrons change. The positions of atoms change in the given canonical forms. As a result, they...
ion.Solution: However, while the carbonate ion cannot be represented by a single structure, the properties of the ion can be described by two or more different resonance structures. The actual structure...
Solution: Bond length is defined as the equilibrium distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule.
Solution: During the formation of a molecule, the extent of bonding that occurs between two atoms is represented by the bond strength of the molecule. As the bond strength increases, the bond...
and molecules are distorted tetrahedral, bond angle in water is less than that of Ammonia. Discuss.Solution: Ammonia's central atom (N) has one lone pair and three bond pairs. In water, the central atom (O) has two lone pairs and two bond pairs. As a result, the two bond pairs repel the two lone...
Solution: $BeCl_2$ The central atom does not have a lone pair, but it does have two bond pairs. As a result, its shape is AB2, or linear. $BCl_3$ The central atom has three bond pairs but no lone...
Solution: Ionic bonds are formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. As a result, the ability of neutral atoms to lose or gain electrons is required for the...
Solution: “Atoms can combine either by transferring valence electrons from one atom to another or by sharing their valence electrons in order to achieve the closest inert gas configuration by having...
Solution: The lewis dot structures are:
and 
and 
Solution: For S and S2- A sulphur atom has only 6 valence electrons, which is a very small number. As a result, the Lewis dot symbol for the letter S is The presence of a...
Solution: Nitrogen atoms have only five valence electrons in total. As a result, the Lewis dot symbol for N is Bromine, because the atom has only seven valence electrons. As a result,...
Solution: Boron atoms have only three valence electrons, which is a very small number. As a result, the Lewis dot symbols for B are as follows: The oxygen atom has only six valence...
Solution: Only two valence electrons exist in the magnesium atom. As a result, the Lewis dot symbols for Mg are as follows: Only one valence electron exists in the sodium atom. As a...
Answer: "A chemical bond is an attractive force that holds a chemical species' constituents together." For chemical bond formation, many theories have been proposed, including valence shell electron...
and 
![\[BF _{3}+ NH _{3} \rightarrow F _{3} B \cdot NH _{3}\]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-f87a2a8a2c94b67d7949b58594c840a9_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
Answer: F3B.NH3 is a reaction product formed by the reaction of BF3 + NH3. As a result of changing the hybridization of the B-atom to sp3, the product NH3 is produced. The hybridization of N-atoms,...
![\[AlCl _{3}+C l^{-} \rightarrow A l C l_{4}^{-}\]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-6a3539afdf8fa241be293a500542ae7d_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
Answer: The hybridization of Al atom alters from $sp ^{2}$ in $AlCl _{3}$ to $sp ^{3}$ in $AlCl _{4}^{-}$. In $AlCl _{3}$, Al contains 3 bond pairs of electrons and zero lone pair of electrons....
hybrid orbitals.Answer: Intermixing orbitals of various energies to redistribute their energy and create new orbitals with equal energies and forms. The new orbitals are hybridized. In this way, two s orbitals...
and 
has higher dipole moment and why?Answer: When comparing dipole moments, ammonia (1.47D) has a higher dipole moment than $NF_3$. (0.24D). Both molecules have a pyramidal molecular geometry, which is characteristic of this type of...
i) velocity of the oscillator is zero ii) speed of the oscillator is maximum Answer: (i) The oscillator's velocity is zero when the points A, C, E, and G are at their extreme positions. (ii) The...
Answer: The dipole moment of a molecule with symmetrical and linear geometries is zero because they are vector in nature and the dipole of different bonds cancel with one another, whereas the dipole...
Answer: The square planar geometry has a bond angle of 90 degrees with the equilateral triangle geometry. In comparison to the tetrahedral bond angle, which is 109.5 0, this is less favourable. This...
, and 
.Answer: The differential in electronegativity between the atoms that make up a molecule determines the ionic character of that molecule. As a result, the greater the difference between two...
Answer: When two separate atoms join to form a covalent connection, their electrons are not shared equally. A more electronegative atom's nucleus attracts the bond pair. In this case, an...
Answer: Sr. No Electronegativity Electron affinity 1 The electronegativity of an atom in a chemical compound refers to its proclivity to attract the shared pairs of electrons that are present in the...
Answer: The difference in electro-negativities of atom components causes polarisation in heteronuclear molecules. So one end gets a positive charge and the other gets a negative charge. Molecules...
can be represented by structures 1 and 2 shown below. Can these two structures be taken as the canonical forms of the resonance hybrid representing ? If not, give reasons for the same.Answer: The positions of the atoms remain constant in the canonical forms, while the positions of the electrons change. The positions of atoms shift in the specified canonical forms. As a result,...
ion.Answer: Although the properties of the carbonate ion cannot be described by a single structure, they can be described by two or more resonance structures. The carbonate ion's true structure is a...
Answer: “The equilibrium distance between the nuclei of two bound atoms in a molecule is defined as bond length.”
Answer: During the formation of a molecule, the extent of bonding that happens between two atoms is represented by the bond strength of the molecule. As the bond strength develops, the bond becomes...
Answer: Ammonia's central atom (N) has 1 lone pair and 3 bond pairs. Water's central atom (O) has two lone pairs and two bond pairs. The two lone pairs on the O- atom of water reject the two bond...
Answer: An ionic link is formed by moving electrons from one atom to another. This means that ionic bond formation is dependent on neutral atom flexibility. The lattice energy of the molecule...
Answer: "Atoms can combine either by transferring or sharing valence electrons to achieve the closest inert gas configuration," says the Octet Rule. Octet rule describes how chemical bonds occur...
Solution: Option (ii) is the answer. The hybridisation of each molecule gives us an idea about the hybrid orbitals.
From a structural standpoint, we can see that, NF3 is pyramidal whereas BF3 is planar triangular. BF4- and NH4+ ions are tetrahedral in structure. BCl3 is triangular planar and BrCl3 is...