Which of the following constitute the pioneer community in hydrarch ecological succession ? (A) Submerged plants (B) Emergent plants (C) Phytoplankton (D) Floating plants
Which of the following constitute the pioneer community in hydrarch ecological succession ? (A) Submerged plants (B) Emergent plants (C) Phytoplankton (D) Floating plants

Answer: A) Submerged plants

Explanation: A soft mud forms at the pond’s bottom as a result of phytoplankton mortality and decomposition, as well as their mixing with silt brought in from the surrounding land by rainwater and pond water wave motion. This new environment is conducive to the formation of rooted hydrophytes.