(i) A primary amine with one carbon atom less than the original amide is formed when an amide is treated with bromine in an aqueous or ethanolic solution of sodium hydroxide. The Hoffmann bromamide reaction is the name for this type of breakdown. An alkyl or aryl group migrates from the amide’s carbonyl carbon atom to the nitrogen atom in this process.

(ii) The coupling reaction is the process of connecting two aromatic rings via the N = N – bond. Colored azo compounds are formed when arene diazonium salts, such as benzene diazonium salts, combine with phenol or aromatic amines.

The para–positions of phenol and aniline are associated with the diazonium salt, as can be shown. Electrophilic substitution is used to carry out this reaction.