to 
to 
Solution:
(I) 
to 
to Gathering 13 components have their electronic design of 
and the oxidation state displayed by these components ought to be 3 . Aside from these two electrons boron and aluminum, different components of this gathering show both 
and 
oxidation states. Boron and aluminum show oxidation condition of because of the idle pair impact. The two electrons, which are available in the S-shell don’t take part in holding as they are emphatically drawn in by the core. As we drop down the gathering, the latent pair impact turns out to be more noticeable. Subsequently, Ga 
is unsteady and 
is entirely steady On dropping down the gathering, the steadiness of the oxidation state gets diminished.
and the oxidation state displayed by these components ought to be 3 . Aside from these two electrons boron and aluminum, different components of this gathering show both and oxidation states. Boron and aluminum show oxidation condition of because of the idle pair impact. The two electrons, which are available in the S-shell don’t take part in holding as they are emphatically drawn in by the core. As we drop down the gathering, the latent pair impact turns out to be more noticeable. Subsequently, Ga is unsteady and is entirely steady On dropping down the gathering, the steadiness of the oxidation state gets diminished.
(ii) 
to 
to The electronic design of gathering 14 components is 
. Thus, the most well-known oxidation state showed by them ought to be 
. After dropping down the gathering, the 
oxidation state turns out to be progressively normal and the moderately higher oxidation states become less steady. This is a direct result of the idle pair impact. Si and 
generally show the state. Despite the fact that 
and show the and states, the security of higher oxidation states decline while dropping down the gathering.
. Thus, the most well-known oxidation state showed by them ought to be . After dropping down the gathering, the oxidation state turns out to be progressively normal and the moderately higher oxidation states become less steady. This is a direct result of the idle pair impact. Si and generally show the state. Despite the fact that and show the and states, the security of higher oxidation states decline while dropping down the gathering.
Security of state increments
state incrementsCi Se Sn Pb
Security of state diminishes
state diminishes