Solution:
(I)
to ![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \mathrm{TI}](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-8dbb35bb76848e589ef6f233d7aca9c0_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com B](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-ab20486c3513ec9f7c97bf91edac544c_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \mathrm{TI}](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-8dbb35bb76848e589ef6f233d7aca9c0_l3.png)
Gathering 13 components have their electronic design of
and the oxidation state displayed by these components ought to be 3 . Aside from these two electrons boron and aluminum, different components of this gathering show both
and
oxidation states. Boron and aluminum show oxidation condition of
because of the idle pair impact. The two electrons, which are available in the S-shell don’t take part in holding as they are emphatically drawn in by the core. As we drop down the gathering, the latent pair impact turns out to be more noticeable. Subsequently, Ga
is unsteady and
is entirely steady On dropping down the gathering, the steadiness of the
oxidation state gets diminished.
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \mathrm{ns}^{2} \mathrm{np}^{1}](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-3d3b8c60cb97f44976ee7c9594d46259_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com +1](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-3a125b123257911a552457d2a0df498b_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com +3](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-22d62cf182bce9a66341b478c8cb9f22_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com +3](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-22d62cf182bce9a66341b478c8cb9f22_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com (+1)](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-f47095c0c0e37633a829dbc3fad4ff97_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \mathrm{TI}(+1)](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-b01540d596afd1dd9c41859bd2644a82_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com +3](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-22d62cf182bce9a66341b478c8cb9f22_l3.png)
![](https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/8342652b9e43eb0545a5ed909d961a94-01.jpg?height=482&width=1015&top_left_y=629&top_left_x=109)
(ii)
to ![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \mathrm{Pb}](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-e3cc050a0e0514e96a4f2d9c554ff47f_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \mathrm{C}](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-1f42dce3cbbedab96b813ba9e227163c_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \mathrm{Pb}](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-e3cc050a0e0514e96a4f2d9c554ff47f_l3.png)
The electronic design of gathering 14 components is
. Thus, the most well-known oxidation state showed by them ought to be
. After dropping down the gathering, the
oxidation state turns out to be progressively normal and the moderately higher oxidation states become less steady. This is a direct result of the idle pair impact. Si and
generally show the
state. Despite the fact that
and
show the
and
states, the security of higher oxidation states decline while dropping down the gathering.
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \mathrm{ns}^{2} \mathrm{np}^{2}](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-842c4bd7f79971d52d9e090a47c4381b_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com +4](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-a1d7520070c86dd5b391df6eccdc242c_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com +2](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-c9b8385fdc61ee9b2f01da95543ba11f_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com C](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-a23e49baec81c19d3a955564913918a2_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com +4](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-a1d7520070c86dd5b391df6eccdc242c_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \mathrm{Sn}, \mathrm{Ge}](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-281df03f64e724dcba191d3b09b9af3a_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com \mathrm{Pb}](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-e3cc050a0e0514e96a4f2d9c554ff47f_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com +4](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-a1d7520070c86dd5b391df6eccdc242c_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com +2](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-c9b8385fdc61ee9b2f01da95543ba11f_l3.png)
![](https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/8342652b9e43eb0545a5ed909d961a94-02.jpg?height=392&width=1028&top_left_y=161&top_left_x=109)
Security of
state increments
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com +2](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-c9b8385fdc61ee9b2f01da95543ba11f_l3.png)
Ci Se Sn Pb
Security of
state diminishes
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com +4](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-a1d7520070c86dd5b391df6eccdc242c_l3.png)