Answer the following.

(a) What name has been given to this phenomenon?

Solution:-

The name given of this phenomenon is Industrial melanism.

(b) Give the common name and the scientific name of the insect involved in this phenomenon.

Solution:-

The common name given to the insect involved in this phenomenon is Peppered moth.

The scientific name of the insect involved  is Biston betularia.

(c) Briefly mention why the changes shown in the two figures appeared.

Solution:-

This moth with its light-weight colored wings dotted with spots blended well with lichens growing on the homes and tree trunks on that it refreshed. The sunshine colored moth was seen in sizable amount because it was well hid whereas resting on homes and tree trunks. This case was determined in this region before the commercial revolution. However once the commercial revolution in Manchester, the whole scenario modified. The pollution within the space caused the death of lichens and darkening of the tree trunks with soot. Natural selection acted through the agency of birds and lightweight colored lepidopteron simply became their prey. So, the dark type of lepidopteron survived higher, left a lot of offspring’s and virtually nearly replaced the sunshine type.

 (d) The following phenomenon provides a classical explanation of a scientific theory given by a certain scientist.

(i) Name and explain the said theory.

Solution:-

The theory is selection. According to Darwin, people multiply during a geometric quantitative relation whereas house and food stay virtually constant. This ends up in a struggle for existence among the organism. During this struggle, there’s intense competition between organisms for favorable shelter, climate, food provide and breeding places..

(ii) Give the name of the scientist who gave this theory.

Solution:-

Charles Darwin.