During protein synthesis, translation is the process of converting the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule into a sequence of amino acids. The genetic code is a description of the...
Discuss parturition and lactation in human beings.
LACTATION AND PARTURITION The gestation period is the typical length of a human pregnancy, which is around 9 months. Parturition is the expulsion/delivery of the foetus caused by a strong...
Describe the process of oogenesis
oogenesis is the process through which a primordial egg cell (or ovum) develops into a mature ovum in the female reproductive system. The egg's development begins before the female who carries it...
What is meant by productivity ? Differentiate between gross primary productivity and net primary productivity.
The entire pace at which material is created is known as gross primary production (GPP), whereas the rate at which material is collected in excess of respiration is known as net primary production...
What are restriction enzymes ? Write the convention for naming such enzymes with an example.
The restriction enzymes were named according to the following convention: The first letter of the name is derived from the genus, while the second and third letters are derived from the prokaryotic...
Write about opioids drugs.
Opioids are a drug class that includes the illegal narcotic heroin, synthetic opioids like fentanyl, and prescription pain medicines like oxycodone (OxyContin®), hydrocodone (Vicodin®), codeine,...
Write down the features of Homo habilis, Homo erectus and Neanderthal man
Homo habilis- This species, one of the genus Homo's earliest members, has a slightly larger braincase and smaller face and teeth than Australopithecus or other older hominin species. It does,...
Draw a well labelled diagram of L. S. of an embryo of grass
How can we control Global Warming ?
Reducing, reusing, and recycling- Reducing your need to purchase new things results in less trash. Even if you have to buy something, try to buy eco-friendly items. Of the three R's, it is the most...
What is biopiracy ?
Bioprospecting is the search for tiny molecules, macromolecules, biochemical and genetic information in natural sources that could be turned into commercially useful products in the agricultural,...
Name the first transgenic cow. What is the advantage of its milk over than natural cow milk ?
Rosie, the world's first transgenic cow, was born in 1997. This cow was given the gene for the human protein alpha-lactalbumin. As a result, the cow could produce milk that is high in protein. This...
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1J8_91KvDDZvltRHLB-vl5ya4yVkSDjj3/edit
Electroporation is one of the two main mechanisms by which alien DNA is delivered into the host cell. DNA is a hydrophilic molecule, hence it cannot pass through cell membranes. Microinjection:...
What is the cause of sickle cell anaemia ? What happens to RBC in this disease ?
A mutation in the gene that signals your body to generate the iron-rich compound that makes blood red and allows red blood cells to transmit oxygen from your lungs throughout your body causes sickle...
Write about phenylketonuria.
: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disorder in which the amino acid phenylalanine is not properly metabolised. PKU can cause intellectual handicap, seizures, behavioural issues, and psychiatric...
. What is fishery ? Name two marine fishes.
The two examples of Marine fish are: Pomphrets and Mackerels. Fishery can refer to either the business of growing or harvesting fish and other aquatic life, or the location where such business is...
. Write about surgical methods of contraception.
Traditional midline ovariohysterectomy, lateral flank ovariohysterectomy, castration, early age gonadectomy, ovariectomy, laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy and ovariectomy, and vasectomy are among...
What is external fertilization ? Write its disadvantages
External fertilisation reduces the probability of fertilisation of eggs. This can result in a high number of eggs being wasted during the procedure. Furthermore, there is a lack of sufficient...
. What are stenothermal organisms ?
Stenothermal creatures, such as fish, corals, snails, and others, can only withstand a restricted range of temperatures.
Name the technique by which DNA fragments can be separated.
Answer. Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique for separating charged molecules, such as DNA, based on their size. Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique for separating charged molecules...
Name the Institute where ‘Saheli’, an oral contraceptive tablet was developed ?
Answer: CDRI Lucknow , Saheli was developed by Central Drug Research Centre, CDRI Lucknow
What is coleoptile ?
Answer: In monocotyledons like grasses, the coleoptile is a pointed protective sheath that covers the emerging shoot and keeps the monocot embryo's leaf primordia and shoot apex confined. In...
Which gas contributes the maximum in Global Warming ? (A) CFCs (B) N2O (C) CO2 (D) CH4
Answer: (C) CO2 Explanation: The contribution of methane(CH4),CFCs(Chloroflurocarbons),Nitrous oxide(N2O) and carbondioxide(CO2) to the global warming is about 20%,14%,6% and 60% respectively .
The interaction between fig tree and wasp is an example of : (A) Commensalism (B) Mutualism (C) Parasitism (D) Predation
Answer: (B) Mutualism Explanation: The fig tree and wasp have a mutualistic relationship in which the wasp lays its eggs and pollinates the fig's flower. The fig, on the other hand, not only...
Armyworm is : (A) Coleopteran (B) Dipteran (C) Lepidopteran (D) Bacillus
Answer: (C) Lepidopteran Explanation: Several Bt strains with activity against lepidopteran, dipteran, and coleopteran insects have been isolated as a result.
Which of the following is yeast ? (A) Lactobacillus (B) Monascus (C) Acetobacter (D) Clostridium
Answer: (B) Monascus Explanation: Monascus-fermented rice (MFR), also known as red yeast rice (RYR), is a culinary product made by inoculating Monascus fungi into steamed rice.
Black rot disease of crucifer is due to : (A) Fungi (B) Bacteria (C) Virus (D) Protozoans
Answer: (B) Bacteria Explanation: The bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris causes black rot. Infested seed lots or infected transplants are the most typical sources of the virus, although...
A typical nucleosome contains how many base pairs of DNA helix ? (A) 200 (B) 400 (C) 1000 (D) 2000
Answer: (A) 200 Explanation: The DNA helix in a typical nucleosome is roughly 200 base pairs (bp), but the DNA helix in a human nucleosome is 146 bp.
A child and his/her mother both has blood group ‘O’. What can be the possibilities of blood group of father of child ? (A) ‘A’ (B) ‘B’ (C) ‘O’ (D) All of these
Answer: (D) All of these Explanation: Blood type is not a very good test for paternity, as this discussion has demonstrated. Unambiguous information can be obtained in some cases, such as the fact...
In which of the following polyembryony is found ? (A) Guava (B) Orange (C) Gram (D) Maize
.Answer: (B) Orange Explanation: The presence of more than one embryo in a seed is known as polyembryony. The extra embryos, on the other hand, may not always mature. They may be halted at an early...
. Discuss importance of species diversity to the ecosystem.
Answer: Raising species variety can have an impact on ecosystem functions like productivity by increasing the possibility that species will utilise complementary resources, as well as increasing the...
Describe the transformation principle proposed by Griffith
Answer: Fredric Griffith experiment is also called a transformation principle. He explains that some chemicals transfer from one strain to another. When he injected two strains into mice, he...
Describe the important goals of human genome project.
Answer: The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international, collaborative scientific project whose goal was to map and comprehend all of humanity's genes completely. Our "genome" refers to the...
Describe the process of fertilization and implantation in human beings.
Answer: The sperm and egg combine to form a zygote in one of the fallopian tubes during fertilisation. The zygote then travels through the fallopian tube and transforms into a morula. The morula...
Describe the process of spermatogenesis.
Answer: Spermatogenesis is the development of haploid spermatozoa from germ cells in the testis' seminiferous tubules. The mitotic division of stem cells near to the basement membrane of the tubules...
The height of a TV transmission tower at any place on the surface of the earth is 245m. The maximum distance up to which transmission of tower will reach is-
(A) 245m
(B) 245km
(C) 56km
(D) 112km
The correct option is C) 56.
Draw a well labelled diagram of a typical biogas plant.
Boolean expression for NAND gate is-
optionis the correct answer The logic NAND function is given by the Boolean expression Y=¯A.
What is decomposition ? Write about effect of temperature and moisture on this process.
Answer: "To break down" is what the term "decomposition" signifies. It usually refers to the breakdown or rupture of a complex organic substance into a simpler inorganic substance. It is one of the...
What are the harmful effects of using Tobacco ?
Answer: Smoking causes disease and impairment, as well as harm to nearly all of the body's organs. More than 16 million Americans suffer from an illness brought on by smoking. At least 30 people...
Write about Miller’s experiment.
Answer: The Miller-Urey experiment was the first attempt to test theories concerning the beginning of life scientifically. The goal was to see if the complex molecules of life (in this example,...
What is autogamy ? Explain this process in oxalis.
Answer: 1. Autogamy (Self-pollination): This type of pollination occurs when pollen from a flower's anthers is transmitted to the stigma of the same bloom, such as wheat, rice, or pea. Cleistogamy I...
What is the effect of high concentration of DDT on birds?
Answer: DDT at high concentrations disrupts the calcium metabolism of birds, causing eggshell weakening. Breakage that occurs too soon. As a result, the population decreases. Further information:...
Write down various research areas of biotechnology.
Answer: (1) Providing the best catalyst, usually a microbe or pure enzyme, in the form of enhanced organisms. (2) Ovulation Transfer Technology with Multiple Ovulations (MOET). (3) Engineer the...
Write the name of gene which code Bt toxin. Name various types of genes which produce such toxin.
Answer: The bt toxin is encoded by the "cry gene" . The number of genes coding for novel insecticidal proteins has steadily expanded since the finding and cloning of the first Bt insecticidal...
For n-type Germanium, impurity doped in Germanium is
(A) Trivalent
(B) Tetravalent
(C) Pentavalent
(D) None of these
Correct Answer is: C) Pentavalent Pure germanium may be converted into an n-type semiconductor by ‘’doping” it with any donor impurity having 5 valence electrons in its outer shell
Write the name of gene which code Bt toxin. Name various types of genes which produce such toxin.
Answer: The bt toxin is encoded by the "cry gene" . The number of genes coding for novel insecticidal proteins has steadily expanded since the finding and cloning of the first Bt insecticidal...
How is the bacterial cell made competent to take up DNA ?
Answer: It's difficult to take up DNA because it's a hydrophilic molecule that can't pass through the cell membrane. A competent bacterial cell is one that has been treated with a certain...
What are somatic hybrids ? Give an example.
Answer: Somaclones are plants generated from tissue culture that are genetically identical to the parent plant from which they were formed. Banana is a good example. Somatic hybrids are the result...
What is aneuploidy and polyploidy ?
Answer: The occurrence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell is known as aneuploidy. In this situation, there is an additional chromosome. The presence of an extra set of chromosomes in...
What is point mutation? Give an example.
Answer: A point mutation occurs when a single nucleotide base is added, removed, or altered. Substitution, deletion, and insertion are the three forms of mutations. A point mutation causes...
What is amniocentesis? What are its uses and misuses?
Answer : The chromosomal pattern of the cells in the amniotic fluid that surrounds the growing baby in the womb is used in amniocentesis, a prenatal diagnostic test. It is misapplied to determine...
What are vegetative propagules? Name its various types.
Answer: Plants use their leaves, roots, and stems for vegetative propagation, which is an asexual way of reproduction. This can happen as a result of plant fragmentation and regeneration of certain...
What are Euryhaline organisms?
Answer: A euryhaline organism is one that can survive in a wide variety of salinities. The ability to survive in saltwater, freshwater, and brackish water is a distinguishing feature of the...
From which bacterium thermostable DNA polymerase is isolated?
Answer: The most often used thermostable DNA polymerase is taq DNA polymerase, which was obtained from the thermophilic bacteria Thermus aquaticus, which was discovered growing in 75°C hot springs...
Name the scientist who named DNA as ‘Nuclein’.
Answer: Friedrich Miescher was the first to separate "nuclein," DNA with related proteins, from cell nuclei in 1869. He was the first person to recognise DNA as a separate molecule. In the early...
What is coleorrhiza?
Answer: The coleorhiza, coleorrhiza, or root sheath is a tissue layer that protects the root of the seed and inhibits monocotyledons from sprouting.
(A) Animals (B) Grassland (C) Trees (D) Fish
Answer: (C) Trees Explanation: The Chipko movement, also known as the Chipko Andolan, was an Indian forest conservation campaign. The movement began in Uttarakhand's Himalayan area in 1973.
Which of the following is the intermediate host of human liver fluke to complete its life cycle ? (A) Snail (B) Fish (C) Both (A) & (B) (D) Human being
Answer: (C) Both (A) & (B) Explanation: The human liver fluke relies on two intermediary hosts to complete its life cycle and assist parasitization of its major host, the terrestrial snail and...
Which of the following peptide chain is not present in mature insulin ? (A) A (B) B (C) C (D) None of these
Answer: (C) C Explanation: Proinsulin is a prohormone that is produced in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans... Between the A and B chains of proinsulin is the C peptide.
Which of the following can fix atmospheric nitrogen while free living in the soil ? (A) Azospirillum (B) Azotobacter (C) Both (A) & (B) (D) Rhizobium
Answer: (C) Both (A) & (B) Explanation: Bacteria such as Azotobacter and Azospirillum fix nitrogen from the atmosphere while free-living in soil, enriching the nitrogen content of the soil.
. Red rot disease of sugarcane is due to : A) Fungi (B) Bacteria (C) Virus (D) Protozoans
Answer: A) Fungi Explanation: Glomerella tucumanensis is the fungus that causes red rot illness.
b – Rays are deflected in- (A) Gravitational field (B) Only in magnetic field (C) Decay constant (D) Time period
A gamma ray, also known as gamma radiation (symbol γ or {\displaystyle \gamma }, is a penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei. It consists...
A child has blood group ‘O’ and her/his mother has blood group ‘A’, then what are the possibilities of blood group of her/his father ? (A) ‘A’ (B) ‘B’ (C) ‘O’ (D) All of these
Answer: (D) All of these Explanation: A blood test is performed to assess whether a blood sample contains the A and/or B features. A blood test result for type A or type B cannot be used to...
Which of the following is copper releasing Intrauterine Device (I. U.D.) ? (A) Lippes loop (B) Multiload 375 (C) LNG 20 (D) None of these
Answer: (B) Multiload 375 Explanation: IUCD (Intrautrine devices) - These are plastic or metal things that a doctor places in a woman's uterus. Non-medicated IUDs (Lippes loop), copper-releasing...
Flowers having bright colours, fragrance and nectar are suited for which type of pollination ? (A) Entomophily (B) Ornithophily (C) Hydrophily (D) Anemophily
Answer: (A) Entomophily Explanation: Cross pollination is accomplished by the use of a variety of agents. This type of cross pollination is known as entomophilous cross pollination because it is...
What are Cry proteins ? Name the organism that produce it. How has man exploited this protein for his benefit ?
Answer: Cry proteins are responsible for the death of lepidopteran insects and larvae (also called Bt toxin). Bacillus thuringiensis is the bacteria that produces it. Man took use of the gene...
What is dominance ? Why are some alleles dominant and some recessive ?
Answer: Dominance refers to the ability of specific alleles to express themselves in both homozygous and heterozygous states. A gene is in charge of the manifestation of a particular trait. This...
Describe the sex determination in grasshopper and birds.
Answer: XX-XY, ZX-ZZ, ZZ-ZO, and XX-XO are the four fundamental combinations discovered. The grasshopper's sex determination is of the XX-XO type. Females have two copies of the sex chromosome,...
Mention various devices to discourage self- pollination and to encourage cross-pollination in flowering plants
Answer: i)Pollen release and stigma receptivity do not occur at the same time. Either the pollen is released before the stigma is receptive, or the stigma is responsive long before the pollen is...
Explain the formation of Embryo sac in plants.
Answer: The haploid megaspore nucleus divides, and an embryo sac is said to form. It has six haploid cells with no cell walls and two haploid nuclei. The embryo sac formation occurs in two stages:...
Discuss soil erosion and desertification.
Answer: Soil deterioration is a worldwide phenomenon. It includes both physical loss (erosion) and nutritional decline and contamination, as well as a reduction in topsoil quality. The progressive...
Draw a well labelled diagram of E.Coli cloning vector pBR322 showing restriction sites and antibiotic resistance genes.
What are the advantages of genetically modified plants ?
Answer: Increased crop yields, lower food and drug production costs, reduced pesticide use, improved nutrient composition and food quality, pest and disease resistance, greater food security, and...
Write the name of causative organism and symptoms of disease Pneumonia. How does a healthy person acquire this infection ?
Answer: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in the United States. This type of pneumonia can develop on its own or as a result of a cold or virus. It can infect...
What is placenta ? Write down its functions.
Answer: During pregnancy, the placenta is extremely important. Find out what it does, what problems it can cause, and how the placenta is delivered. During pregnancy, the placenta is an organ that...
What is the role of co-extinctions in biodiversity loss ?
Answer: Coextinction can result in a loss of diversity and biodiversity. Not only may coextinction affect parasite and mutualist diversification, but it can also affect their hosts. The loss of...
Give various hypothesis for explaining why tropics show greatest level of species richness ?
Answer: (1) Tropical latitudes receive more solar energy than temperate ones, resulting in great productivity and a diverse range of species. (2) Tropical regions experience fewer seasonal changes...
At which level the regulation of gene expression in Eukaryotes can be done ?
Answer: Gene regulation can happen at any stage throughout the transcription-translation process, but it most commonly happens during transcription. Transcription factors are proteins that can be...
From which microbes cyclosporine A is produced ? Write its role.
Answer: Submerged fermentation of aerobic fungi previously known as Trichoderma polysporum[4] but now known as Tolypocladium inflatum is commonly used to manufacture cyclosporine A. Only a few...
Write about Hugo de Vries theory of evolution. How does it differ from Darwin view ?
Answer: Darwinism is a theory proposed by Charles Darwin. Natural selection is the foundation of this philosophy. Minor differences lead to evolution. Darwinian variations are directed and tiny....
What do you mean by unambiguous and degenerate codon ?
Answer: A degenerate codon means that more than one triplet sequence could code for a specific amino acid, whereas an unambiguous codon means that a certain codon will always code for the same amino...
What are exons and introns ?
Answer: Within a gene, introns and exons are nucleotide sequences. Exons are chemically bound to one another in order to form mature mRNA, whereas introns are deleted by RNA splicing as RNA matures,...
Write about Intrauterine devices of contraception.
Answer : An intrauterine device (IUD), also known as an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD or ICD), or a coil, is a small, T-shaped birth control device implanted into the uterus to prevent...
What is spermiogenesis and spermiation ?
Answer: The process of spermatids becoming spermatozoa is known as spermiogenesis. Spermatids go through morphological modifications before becoming sperms. After spermiogenesis, sperms are released...
What is Homeostasis ?
Answer: It relates to how a person can sustain a stable psychological state despite opposing stresses and incentives. Despite opposing political, economic, and cultural pressures, a society retains...
What is Antibiotic ?
Answer: Antibiotics, also called antibacterials, are drugs that kill or slow the growth of germs. They include a variety of potent medications that are used to treat bacteria-related illnesses.
What is GIFT technique ?
Answer: Multiple eggs are harvested from the ovaries for gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). The eggs, together with the sperm to be used, are put in a tiny flexible tube called a catheter.
Write the name of the plant that produce flowers once in 12 years.
Answer: The purplish blue blooms of Neelakurinji, which bloom just once every 12 years, gave the Nilgiri Hills their name, which literally means "blue mountains."
The most richest species and high degree of endemism are found in : (A) Mega diversity zone (B) National park (C) Sanctuaries (D) Biodiversity hot-spots
Answer: (D) Biodiversity hot-spots Explanation: There are areas on the planet that are both biologically diverse and critically endangered.
Which of the following constitute the pioneer community in hydrarch ecological succession ? (A) Submerged plants (B) Emergent plants (C) Phytoplankton (D) Floating plants
Answer: A) Submerged plants Explanation: A soft mud forms at the pond's bottom as a result of phytoplankton mortality and decomposition, as well as their mixing with silt brought in from the...
The interaction between cattle egret and grazing cattle is an example of : (A) Mutualism (B) Predation (C) Commensalism (D) None of these
Answer: (C) Commensalism Explanation: The intimate relationship of grazing cattle and cattle egrets is a famous example of commensalism. They feed on the blood of cattle and are hence dangerous to...
Which of the following can fix atmospheric nitrogen ? (A) Anabaena (B) Nostoc (C) Oscillatoria (D) All of these
Answer: (D) All of these Explanation: A nitrogen-fixing symbiotic relationship with the cyanobacterium Anabaena and it satisfies the plant's nitrogen requirements.So, 'Nostoc, Anabaena,...
Coelacanth was a : (A) Fish (B) Amphibian (C) Reptile (D) Bird
Answer: (A) Fish Explanation: Coelacanths are mostly caught as by-catch in the hook-and-line fishery for Oilfish, and the Comore population is unlikely to be able to sustain even the current...
Which of the following is a initiative codon ? (A) AUU (B) AUC (C) AUA (D) None of these
Answer: (D) None of these Explanation: AUG is the most common start codon (i.e., ATG in the corresponding DNA sequence). A 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) frequently precedes the start codon. This...
Which of the following is transcribed by RNA polymerase-I ? (A) tRNA (B) mRNA (C) Both (A) & (B) (D) rRNAs
Answer: (D) rRNAs Explanation: In higher eukaryotes, RNA polymerase 1 (also known as Pol I) is the polymerase that only transcribes ribosomal RNA (but not 5S rRNA, which is generated by RNA...
In which of the following the fertilization is external ? (A) Bony fish (B) Frog (C) Both (A) and (B) ( D) Reptile
Answer: (C) Both (A) and (B) Explanation: Aquatic creatures are known for their external fertilisation. Internal fertilisation is seen in terrestrial species such as reptiles, birds, and mammals....
What is gene therapy ? Illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
The technique of introducing DNA into an organism, such as humans, in order to treat a disease is known as gene therapy. It's utilised to replace a gene product that's been lost or to rectify mutant...
What is RNA interference technique of cellular defence ? Explain with an example.
As shown against several RNA viruses, the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway plays a crucial role in antiviral responses in insects. Cleavage of double-stranded RNA genomes or intermediates produced...
Describe various chromosomal disorders found in human beings.
Numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities are the two most common forms. When the number of chromosomes changes, numerical problems arise (more or fewer than 46). Trisomy, monosomy, and...
Time during which the amount of radioactive substance becomes half of its initial amount is called.
(A) Average life
(B) Half-life
(C) Decay constant
(D) Time period
Option (B) is the correct answer The time required for half of the original population of radioactive atoms to decay is called the half-life. The relationship between the half-life, T1/2, and the...
What is co-dominance ? Explain with an example.
The term "codominance" refers to the fact that neither allele can disguise the expression of the other. The ABO blood group, for example, is characterised by the expression of both alleles A and B....
Describe the structure of pollen grain in detail.
Pollen grain/microspore is a haploid, unicellular organism with a single nucleus that is non-motile. It is encircled by sporoderm, a two-layered wall. Exine refers to the outer wall, whereas intine...
Discuss biomagnification.
When the main exposure route is through the organism's meal, biomagnification occurs when the chemical concentration in the organism surpasses the chemical concentration in its food. Food web...
Discuss biomagnification.
When the main exposure route is through the organism's meal, biomagnification occurs when the chemical concentration in the organism surpasses the chemical concentration in its food. Food web...
. How can DNA be cut at specific locations ?
In order to identify genes, research and understand how cells behave, and make proteins with medical or economic value, scientists must modify DNA. Restriction enzymes, which cut DNA at specified...
What is the role of animal husbandry in human welfare ?
Animal husbandry has a significant impact on humas' welfare in the following ways. It boosts food output and meets the rising demand for food. It provides humans with numerous animal products such...
What is Allergy ? How does it take place & what are its symptoms ?
Allergies develop when your immune system reacts to a foreign substance or food that normally causes no reaction in most people, such as pollen, bee venom, or pet dander. Antibodies are chemicals...
Draw a well labelled diagram of sectional view of a seminiferous tubule.
What is the role of over-exploitation in biodiversity loss ?
Overexploitation of a species can have cascading or knock-on effects. This is especially true if a habitat loses its apex predator due to overexploitation. A substantial increase in their prey...
What are sacred groves ? Write down their role in conservation.
Sacred groves are regenerated woodland areas that surround places of worship. Sacred groves aid in the preservation of numerous unique, endangered, and indigenous plant and animal species found in a...
How does ribosome work in the process of translation ?
During translation, ribosomal subunits form a sandwich on the strand of mRNA, where they then bind tRNA molecules attached to amino acids (circles). As the ribosome decodes the mRNA sequence into a...
The energy of electron in first Bohr orbit of hydrogen atom is-13.6eV.
(A) -3.4 eV
(B) -6.8 eV
(C) -2.7 eV
(D) +3.4 eV
Option (A) is the correct answer
From which microbes, the streptokinase is produced. What is its role ?
Streptokinase is an enzyme generated by various strains of -haemolytic streptococci isolated spontaneously from the upper respiratory tract that is used to dissolve the fibrin matrix of blood clots,...
What is the theory of spontaneous generation ? Name the scientist who dismissed it
Life evolved spontaneously from nonliving substances, according to the hypothesis of spontaneous generation. It was a long-held concept among the ancient Greeks, dating back to Aristotle. With his...
Why are all the three types of RNAs needed to synthesize a protein in a cell ?
RNA's three functions in protein synthesis. ... Messenger RNA (mRNA) transports genetic information from DNA in the form of three-base code "words," each of which defines a certain amino acid. 2....
Differentiate between promoter and terminator gene.
A promoter is a DNA sequence that RNA polymerase attaches to in order to start transcription. A terminator is a DNA sequence that tells RNA polymerase to stop transcription. In most cases, promoter...
Write about barrier methods of contraception
Barrier birth control methods prevent sperm from entering the uterus. When you combine a spermicide with a barrier technique, you get the finest barrier method protection available. The majority of...
Write down the structure of fallopian tube.
There are three sections to a uterine tube. The isthmus is the first part closest to the uterus. The ampulla, which gets progressively dilated in diameter and is the most common site for...
Define Allen’s rule
The concept states that in a warm-blooded animal species with diverse geographic populations, animals living in cold regions tend to have shorter limbs, ears, and other appendages than animals...
Which series of hydrogen spectrum does not lie in infrared region?
(A)Humphreys series
(B) Pfund series
(c) Bracket series
(D) Lyman series
Option (b) and (C) is the correct answer Lyman series of hydrogen atom lies in the ultraviolet region, Balmer series lies in visible region, Paschen series lies in near infrared region whereas...
What is flocs ?
Floc is a flocculent material that is suspended in or precipitated from a liquid in a small, loosely aggregated mass. Physical attraction or adherence to a coagulant component results in finely...
What is ZIFT technique ?
Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) is a procedure in which a woman's egg is fertilised outside of her body and put in one of her fallopian tubes. This is one of the strategies for overcoming...
What is syngamy ?
Answer: Angiosperms have double fertilisation, in which two nuclei (of sperm) from each pollen tube fertilise two different cells in the ovary. When one of the sperm cells fertilises one of the egg...
Which of the following is not a threat to biodiversity ? Introduction of exotic species Wild life sanctuaries Habitat loss Pollution
Answer: B)Wild life sanctuaries Explanation: The world's wildlife is under attack from all sides, including habitat loss and the effects of climate change. Illegal wildlife trade, habitat...
. Lichens and Mosses are the stages of which type of succession ? (A) Hydrarch (B) Marsh (C) Psammarch (D) Xerarch
(D) Xerarch Explanation: Plant succession that begins on bare land or rock and ends in a mature climax forest is known as xerarch succession. The progressive deposit of soil is caused by pioneer...
Interaction between sea anemone and clown fish is an example of : (A) Competition (B) Commensalism (C) Amensalism (D) Parasitism
Answer: (B) Commensalism Explanation: For example, consider the relationship between a clownfish and a sea anemone. Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits while the...
Which of the following is a free living nitrogen fixing bacteria ? (A) Pseudomonas (B) Azotobacter (C) Rhizobium (D) Nitrosomonas
Answer: (B) Azotobacter Explanation: Azotobacter is a genus of bacteria that are huge, free-living, Gram negative, obiigately aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that can fix nitrogen non-symbiotically.
Lobefin evolved into : (A) Amphibian (B) Reptile (C) Bird (D) Mammal
Answer: (A) Amphibian Explanation: Lobe fins are thought to have evolved into tetrapod limbs during the Devonian period, when amphibians first appeared. As a result, the right response is...
Which of the following codon does not code for any amino acid ? (A) UAA (B) UAG (C) Both (A) & (B) (D) UAC
Answer: (C) Both (A) & (B) Explanation: UAA, UAG, and UGA cause the termination of chain development in protein synthesis. A chain initiation codon, also known as a start codon, initiates...
Which of the following is transcribed by rRNA polymerase-II ? (A) tRNA (B) 5s rRNA (C) Sn RNA (D) Hn RNA
Answer: (C) Sn RNA Explanation: In higher eukaryotes, RNA polymerase 1 (also known as Pol I) is the polymerase that only transcribes ribosomal RNA (but not 5S rRNA, which is generated by RNA...
Which of the following is hermaphrodite ? (A) Tapeworm (B) Leech (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) Roundworm
Answer: (C) Both (A) and (B) Explanation: Hermaphrodite, monoecism, or bisexual creatures, such as tapeworms, earthworms, leeches, sponges, and other lesser animals, have both male and female sex...
Which one of following in charge less?
(A) Alpha particle
(B) Beta particle
(C) Photon particle
(D) Proton
Option (D) is the correct option proton is the chargless (neutral particle), because electromagnetic wave does not have charge in it , and it is produced by photon particles
The energy of emitted photo electron depends up on
(A)Intensity of light
(B) Wave length of light
(C) Work-function of metal
(D) None of these
Option (C) is the correct option a When a photoelectric effect is observed, the number of electrons ejected is proportional to the intensity of the incident light. However, the maximum kinetic...
Explain, how Macleod, McCarty and Avery determined the biochemical nature of the molecules responsible for transforming R- strain bacteria into S-strain ?
Answer: In Griffith's experiment, MacLeod, McCarty, and Avery tried to discover the 'biochemical nature' of the 'transforming principle.' They retrieved purified DNA, RNA, proteins, and other...
How did Griffith explain the transformation of R-strain bacteria into S-strain ?
Answer: Griffith inoculated a mouse with heat-killed 'S' strain Streptococcus bacterium as well as live 'R' strain bacteria. The mouse died, but the scientist was able to retrieve surviving 'S' type...
Why is DNA replication said to be semi-conservation ?
Answer: The 'parent' strands of DNA in the double helix are split and each one is copied to form a new (daughter) strand in this intricate process. Because one strand from each parent is conserved...
The unit of ratio of magnetic field B and electrical field E(B/E) is-
(A) ms^-1
(B) sm^-1
(C) ms
(D) ms^-2
Correct Answer is: B) sm- We know that unit of electric field is: Newton per coulomb or volt per meter…… (i) And for magnetic field: tesla which is equal to: Newton second per coulomb meter... (ii)...
Explain the mechanism of DNA replication. Highlight the role of enzymes in this process.
Answer: The replication process begins in specific locations known as replication origins. Replication takes place inside a small opening in the DNA known as a Y-shaped replication fork (uncoiling...
Trace the development of the zygote upto its implantation in the uterus.
Answer: Zygote splits quickly through cleavage, a type of mitotic division that produces 2, 4, 8, or 16 daughter cells known as blastomeres. A morula is an embryo with 8–16 blastomeres. The morula...
Explain the events taking place at the time of fertilization of an ovum in a human female.
Answer: a. Fertilization is the process of sperm and ovum fusing together. During fertilisation, sperm causes alterations in the zona pellucida and prevents additional sperm from entering. The...
When and where are primary oocytes formed in human female ? Trace the development of these oocytes till ovulation.
Answer: In the ovaries of a female foetus, a primary oocyte is generated (which will develop into female baby). The gamete mother cell inside the ovary of the foetus undergoes meiosis (chromosome...
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Answer: Polyembryony is a phenomena that occurs when two or more embryos grow from a single fertilised egg. In humans, this results in the formation of two identical twins. This phenomena can be...
With the help of diagram describe the stages of embryo development in a dicot flowering plant.
Answer: The embryogenesis of a dicot seed is a multi-stage process in which a zygote develops into a proembryo, a quadrant, an octant, a pre-embryo, and eventually a full embryo. At the micropylar...
. Why is fertilization in an angiosperm referred to as double fertilization ? Mention the ploidy of the cells involved.
Answer: One of the two pollen nuclei unites with the egg and the other with the polar nuclei in the double fertilisation process. As a result, there are two forms of fusion: fertilisation and...
Draw a labelled diagram of L. S. of an endospermic monocot seed.
The direction of transmission of electromagnetic wave is-
is the correct answer For electromagnetic waves E and B are always perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of propagation. The direction of propagation is the direction of E x...
Explain with examples how do habitat loss and fragmentation cause extinction of plants and animals ?
Answer: The most common cause of extinction is habitat loss and fragmentation. The extinction of a few primates in the tropical rain forest, out of 620 species, is an example of habitat destruction....
What are transgenic animals ? Explain the role of transgenic animals in biological products
Answer: A transgenic animal is one whose chromosomes have been changed to allow foreign DNA to be inserted into its genes. Many transgenic animals are created to help us better understand how genes...
Name the selectable markers in the cloning vector pBR 322 ? Mention the role they play.
Answer: Ampicillin and tetracycline resistance genes are selected markers in the cloning vector pBR322. They perform a supporting function in the differentiation of transformed cells from...
What are Baculoviruses ? Explain their role in bio-control of pests.
Answer: Baculoviruses are used as biological control agents because they have double-stranded DNA with species-specific (genus Nucleopolyhedrovirus) and narrow-based insecticidal capabilities....
The focal length of a lens 1.5 in air is 20 cm. Its focal length is medium of refractive index 1.5 is-
(A)20cm
(B) 40cm
(C) 10cm
(D) infinite
Option (A) is the correct answer The focal length of a lens 1.5 in air is 20 cm. Its focal length is medium of refractive index 1.5 is 20cm
Why is pedigree analysis done in the study of human genetics ? State the conclusions that can be drawn from it.
Answer: Mendelian disorders can be traced via pedigree analysis. It can bring the inheritance pattern to a close. The sex chromosomes or autosomes are linked to the attribute, according to pedigree...
Why is the use of CNG in vehicles is better than diesel and petrol ? Give any four reasons.
Answer: Natural gas produces much fewer nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) when combusted than diesel or even gasoline. In addition, the combustion process is quieter. As a result,...
State any two uses of biodiversity in industrial products.
Answer: Fibers for clothing, for example, and wood for shelter and warmth. Biodiversity has the potential to be a source of energy (such as biomass). Oils, lubricants, perfumes, scents, dyes, paper,...
Under what circumstances does the secondary succession begin ? Why does it proceed faster than primary succession ?
Answer: Because the substrate is already existent, secondary succession usually happens faster than primary succession. There is no soil in primary succession, thus it must form. This process takes...
What are adaptation ? State the adaptations found in desert plants to minimize water loss through transpiration.
Answer: To limit water loss from the surface of the leaves, they are reduced to spines. The number of stomata is low, and they are sunken. To minimise water loss in hot conditions, both leaves and...
Expand the name of the enzyme ADA. Why is this enzyme essential in the human body ?
Answer: ADA stands for adenosine deaminase. This enzyme is required for the immune system to operate properly. Gene therapy can help those with ADA deficiency. Lymphocytes are taken from the...
State the disadvantage of inbreeding among cattle. How it can be overcome ?
Answer: Outbreeding is the process of combining out-crossing, cross-breeding, and interspecific breeding. Inbreeding depression in cattle is overcome by pairing selected animals from the breeding...
A patient is down with typhoid fever. List the symptoms that confirm this infection. Name the causative pathogen.
Answer: Signs and symptoms include: Fever that starts low and increases daily, possibly reaching as high as 104.9 F (40.5 C) Headache. Weakness and fatigue. Muscle aches. Sweating. Dry cough. Loss...
Are the wings of a bird and butterfly homologous organs or analogous organs ? Explain, and state the kind of evolution they represent.
Answer ; Homologous structures have the same developmental origin and function as homologous organs. The bones in a whale's front flipper, for example, are similar to those in a human arm. These...
Give an example of hormone releasing IUDs. How does it help in preventing pregnancy ?
Answer: The hormones in the IUD work in two ways to prevent pregnancy: 1) Hormonal IUDs thicken the mucus on the cervix. This mucus prevents sperm from reaching an egg. 2) The hormones in the IUD...
Transverse nature of light is shown by-
(A)Interference
(B) Reflection
(C) Polarisation
(D) Dispersion
Option (C) is the correct answer Polarized light waves are electromagnetic waves in which the vibrations occur in a single plane. Light can be polarized by transmission, reflection, refraction or...
What is secondary productivity in an ecosystem ?
Answer: Secondary production is the process of heterotrophic (consumer) organisms in a system producing biomass. This is caused by the transfer of organic material across trophic levels, and it...
What is trisomy ?
Answer: Trisomy is a genetic condition in which a person's chromosomes are duplicated three times instead of the usual two.
What is tubectomy ?
Answer: Tubectomy, commonly known as tubal sterilisation, is a long-term contraception procedure for women. It is a surgical procedure that prevents the egg produced by the ovary from reaching the...
What is vegetative propagation ?
Answer: Plants use their leaves, roots, and stems for vegetative propagation, which is an asexual way of reproduction. This can happen as a result of plant fragmentation and regeneration of certain...
Which gas is responsible for the degradation of ozone layer in stratosphere (A) Carbon dioxide (B) CFCs (C) Sulphur dioxide (D) Nitrous oxide
Answer: (B) CFCs Explanation: Man-made chemical ozone depletion is mostly caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated ozone-depleting substances (ODS).
Brewer’s Yeast is used in the preparation of industrial product : (A) Bread (B) Ethanol (C) Penicillin (D) Acetic acid
(B) Ethanol Explanation: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (also known as Baker's yeast or Brewer's yeast) is a yeast that is commonly employed in the manufacture of ethyl alcohol in the beer and...
Which high yielding semi dwarf variety of rice is developed at Taiwan ? (A) Taichung Native – 1 (B) Ratna (C) Jaya (D) I R – 8
(A) Taichung Native - 1 Explanation: In 1966, the Taiwanese Taichung Native 1 (TN1) and the Philippines' IR8 (International Rice Research Institute) were introduced to India. They were widely...
The angle of minimum deviation for thin prism of refractive index is
correct option is Angle of minimum deviation produced by a thin prism (μ=3/2) is 4
Which one of the following is the vector of Dengue disease ? (A) House fly (B) Culex mosquito (C) Anopheles mosquito (D) Aedes mosquito
(D) Aedes mosquito Explanation: Dengue and chikungunya are viral infections spread from an infected person to a healthy person through the bite of an Aedes mosquito. Only female mosquitoes are...
Which scientist stated that it is the mutation which causes evolution and not the minor variations ? (A) Oparin (B) Lamarck (C) de Vries (D) Darwin
(C) de Vries Explanation: Darwin's variations are modest and directional, whereas mutations are random and directionless. Evolution, according to Darwin, is progressive, although Hugo de Vries...
Which of the following bond is not present in DNA double helix ? (A) Hydrogen bond (B) Peptide bond (C) Glycosidic bond (D) Phosphodiester bond
(B) Peptide bond Explanation: A nitrogenous base, phosphate, and sugar make up DNA. It contains deoxyribose sugar, which has hydrogen at the second carbon position. The glycosidic bond connects the...
Which of the following trait of pea plant studied by Mendel is recessive ? (A) Constricted pod shape (B) Round seed shape (C) Tall stem height (D) Green pod colour
(C) Tall stem height Explanation: Mendel worked on the garden pea and came up with a cast of seven characters. In his experiment, green seed colour is the recessive feature, while yellow seed...
In which of the following plant vegetative propagation occurs by bulbils ? (A) Bryophyllum (B) Agave (C) Chara (D) Water Hyacinth
(B) Agave Explanation: Bulbils are a tiny bulb-like structure found mostly in the leaf and stem axils. Agave flowers produce bulbil, which falls to the ground and sprouts into a new plant. Agave has...
The critical angle of light passing from glass to air is minimum for-
(A)Red colour
(B) Green colour
(C) Yellow colour
(D)Violet colour
Correct option is (d) Violet Violet light has the shortest wavelength and the largest refractive index within the visible light region. Thus it bends the most when passing from glass to air. As a...
A short sighted person uses for clear vision
(A)Convex Lens
(B) Concave Lens
(C) Cylindrical Lens
(D) Bi-focal Lens
Correct Answer is: B) Concave lens Short-sightedness is corrected using a concave (curved inwards) lens which is placed in front of a myopic eye, moving the image back to the retina and making it...
The relation between peak current 0 I and root mean square current I rms is-
the correct option is (a) The relation between peak current 0 I and root mean square current I rms is
The unit of reactance is-
(A)Ohm
(B) Fared
(C) Ampere
(D) Mho
Correct option is (a) ohm The electrical resistance of an electrical conductor is the opposition to the passage of an electric current through that conductor. The S.I. unit of electrical resistance...
How did Hershey and Chase established that DNA is transferred from virus to bacteria ? Explain
Answer: Hershey and Chase carried out a series of tests that proved that DNA is the genetic material. They worked on bacteriophages, which are bacteria-infecting viruses. When a bacteriophage...
Explain the process of parturition in human female
Answer: Vigorous uterine contractions lead to the delivery of the foetus at the conclusion of an average 9-month pregnancy. Parturition is the term for this process. The signals from the fully grown...
Name the inner and middle layers of human uterus and explain their roles
Answer: The glandular inner wall of the uterus is known as the endometrium. The endometrial wall thickens into a thick, blood vessel-rich, glandular layer during the menstrual cycle. The endometrium...
Explain the role of accessory glands in human male reproductive system.
Answer: The seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands are the male reproductive system's accessory glands. Fluids are secreted by these glands and enter the urethra. seminal...
Write the specific location and the functions of the following cells human males : (a) Leydig cells (b) Sertoli cells, and (c) Primary spermatocytes
Answer: Sertoli cells are a type of cell that can be found in Inside the seminiferous tubules, it's lined. Function: Feed the germ cells/Sperms with food. Cells of Leydig Seminiferous tubules on the...
Explain any two advantages of seeds offer to flowering plants.
Answer: I They feed the developing embryo with food and parental care. (ii) They shield the embryo from the effects of the environment. (iii) Seed dispersal to far-flung locations reduces...
Draw a diagram of L. S. of an embryo of grass. Label its all the parts.
Explain the development of endosperm from this embryo sec.
Answer: When the two sperm nuclei inside a pollen particle reach the interior of a female gametophyte (also known as the embryo sac), endosperm is created. The endosperm develops from the cell...
Draw a diagram of a fertilized embryo sac of a flowering plant. Label all its cellular components.
The structure of the embryo sac in the angiospermic plants.
Explain with examples, how do alien species invasion cause extinction of indigenous species ?
Answer: Alien species invasion occurs when a recently introduced species becomes invasive and competes with native species, resulting in the extinction of native species. Example. The demise of an...
Explain the treatment of adenosine deaminase deficiency by genetically engineered lymphocytes. Why is this treatment not permanent ?
Answer: SCID is identified in the first six months of life for the majority of people with ADA deficiency. These babies frequently do not live past the age of two if they are not treated. In roughly...
How are the desired DNA sequences used in biotechnology cut ? Explain the technique used to separate the cut fragments.
Answer: The technique of gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size. DNA samples are placed into wells (indentations) at one end of a gel and pulled through using an...
. How are flocs produced in the secondary treatment plant of Sewage ? Explain their role.
Answer: When primary effluent is pumped into enormous aeration tanks and mechanically agitated, it produces a robust growth of helpful aerobic bacteria known as flocs. These microorganisms absorb...
During his studies on genes in Drosophila that were sex linked. T. H. Morgan found F2 population phenotypic ratios deviated from expected 9 : 3 : 3 : 1. Explain the conclusion he arrived at.
Answer: Morgan's experiment: fruit flies were used in a dihybrid cross. Females with yellow bodies and white eyes were crossed with males with brown bodies and red eyes. F progeny were acquired, and...
How does an electrostatic precipitator work to remove particulate pollutants releases from the thermal power plants ?
Answer: Precipitators work by electrostatically charging gas stream particles. The charged particles are attracted to plates or other collection devices and deposit on them. The purified air then...
State any two uses of biodiversity in agriculture.
Answer: 1. It aids in the conservation and cultivation of all wild and native plant species. Agricultural biodiversity is the foundation of our agricultural food chain, as well as the development...
. How do climatic factors affect process of decomposition in ecosystem ? Explain.
Answer: Within the same climatic zone, mean residence periods exhibit a trend of increasing with increasing latitude, with conifer litter having longer mean residence times than deciduous litter....
What is mutualism ? Give any two example of this population interaction.
Answer: Mutualism. Mutualism is a type of interaction in which two different population species interact in such a way that is beneficial to both of them. Lichens are a classic example of fungi and...
What is gene therapy ? Name the first clinical case, where it was used.
Answer: Ex vivo: Genes are transferred to cultured cells and subsequently reintroduced into the body. In 1990, a four-year-old girl with Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) deficiency received the first...
Why does the yield of both crop and honey increase when bee-hives are kept in mustard crop fields during flowering season ? Explain
Answer: During the flowering season, beehives are kept in a crop field to improve pollination and hence increase crop output. Also, without much foraging, bees can readily collect large amounts of...
Give the scientific name of the malarial parasite that causes malignant malaria in human Mention the symptoms of malaria disease.
Answer: Malignant malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum, which is one of the most dangerous human infectious diseases. Plasmodium reichenowi, a chimpanzee parasite with only one isolate...