(a) $1 ppm = 1 part out of 1 million parts.$ Mass percent of 15 ppm chloroform in H2O= $\frac{15}{{{10}^{6}}}\times 100$ $\approx 1.5 \times{10}^{-3}%$ $ (b)$100 grams of the sample is having 1.5 ×...
The meaningful numbers that are known with certainty are known as significant figures. Significant numbers imply that the tested value is unknown. For example, if the experiment yielded 15.6 mL, 15...
Kilogram is the SI unit of mass (kg) Mass: “Mass is defined as the mass equivalent to the mass of the international kilogramme prototype.”
As per definition, pressure is force per unit area of the surface. $P = \frac{F}{A}$ =$ \frac{1034\;g\;\times \;9.8\;ms^{-2}}{cm^{2}}\times \frac{1\;kg}{1000\;g}\times \frac{(100)^{2}\;cm^{2}}{1...
, what is its volume needed for making 2.5 L of its 0.25 M solution?$Molar mass of CH_{3}OH$ = (1 * 12) + (4 * 1) + (1 * 16) =$32 g mol^{-1}$ = $0.032 kg mol^{-1}$ Molarity of the solution = $\frac{0.793\;kg\;L^{-1}}{0.032\;kg\;mol^{-1} }$ = 24.78 mol{L}^{-1}...
in mol 
if its 20 g are dissolved in enough water to make a final volume up to 2L?Molarity (M) is as given by, = $\frac{Number\;of\;moles\;of\;solute}{Volume\;of\;solution\;in\;Litres}$ =$\frac{\frac{Mass\;of\;sugar}{Molar\;mass\;of\;sugar}}{2\;L}$ =...
(a) 1 mole ${{C}_{2}}{{H}_{6}}$ contains two moles of C- atoms. ∴∴ No. of moles of C- atoms in 3 moles of ${{C}_{2}}{{H}_{6}}$ = 2 * 3 = 6 (b) 1 mole ${{C}_{2}}{{H}_{6}}$ contains six moles of H-...
Average atomic mass of Cl. = $[(\text{Fractional abundance of }\!\!~\!\!\text{ }_{{}}^{35}Cl)(\text{molar mass of }\!\!~\!\!\text{ }_{{}}^{35}Cl)+(\text{fractional abundance of }\!\!~\!\!\text{...
Mass percent of Fe = 69.9% Mass percent of O = 30.1% No. of moles of Fe present in oxide =$ \frac{69.90}{55.85}$ = 1.25 No. of moles of O present in oxide =$\frac{30.1}{16.0}$ =1.88 Ratio of Fe to...
1 mole of $CuSO_{4}$ contains 1 mole of Cu. Molar mass of $CuSO_{4}$ = (63.5) + (32.00) + 4(16.00) = 63.5 + 32.00 + 64.00 = 159.5 grams 159.5 grams of $CuSO_{4}$ contains 63.5 grams of Cu....
Mass percent of HNO3 in sample is 69 % Thus, 100 g of HNO3 contains 69 g of HNO3 by mass. Molar mass of HNO3 = { 1 + 14 + 3(16)} g.mol^{-1}g.mol−1 = 1 + 14 + 48 = 63g mol^{-1}=63gmol−1 Now,...
required to make 500 mL of 0.375 molar aqueous solution. Molar mass of sodium acetate is 82.0245 g mol–1.0.375 Maqueous solution of $CH_{3}COONa$ = 1000 mL of solution containing 0.375 moles of $CH_{3}COONa$ Therefore, no. of moles of $CH_{3}COONa$ in 500 mL = 0.1875 mole Molar mass of sodium acetate...
(i) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in air. $C+{{O}_{2}}\to C{{O}_{2}}$ 1 mole of carbon reacts with 1 mole of O2 to form one mole of CO2. Amount of $CO_{2}$ produced = 44 g (ii) 1 mole of carbon...
Percentage of Fe by mass = 69.9% [As said previously] By mass, 30.1 percent of O2 is present. [As said previously] Relative moles of Fe in iron oxide: = (69.9)x(55.85}/55.8569.9 = 1.25 Relative...
Now for Na2SO4. Molar mass of Na2SO4 = [(2 x 23.0) + (32.066) + 4(16.00)] =142.066 g Therefore, mass percent of the sodium element: = 32.379 = 32.4% Mass percent of the sulphur element: = 22.57...
(ii)
(iii)
(i)Molecular weight of methane= (1 x Atomic weight of carbon) + (4 x Atomic weight of hydrogen) = [1(12.011 u) +4 (1.008u)] = 12.011u + 4.032 u = 16.043 u (ii)Molecular weight of water= (2 x...
Option (iii) is correct. Explanation: The lowest boiling point among isomeric pentanes is of 2,2-dimethylpentane, and further on branching, its boiling point decreases
Option (i) is correct Explanation: In nitration, benzene is treated with a nitrating mixture, which consists of conc. $HNO_3$ and $H_2SO_4$, and $H_2SO_4$ aids in the production of $NO_2 +$....
Option (i) is correct
Option (i) is correct. Compounds with the following features are aromatic: planarity and complete delocalization of the electrons in the ring. The ring contains (4n+2) electrons, where n is an...
(i) is d (ii) is a (iii) is b (iv) is c
(i) is d (ii) is c (iii) is b (iv) is a
(i) is b (ii) is c (iii) is a
(i) is d (ii) is a (iii) is e (iv) is c (v) is b
At about 140°C, ethanol is processed with sulphuric acid to produce hydrogen sulphate. The response is
Huckel's rule states that it must meet the (4n+) rule. Aromatic compounds include B, C, D, and F.
Aromatic compounds: A, E and F Non-Aromatic : B, C, D and G
In comparison to the 1° free radical, the 3° free radical is stabilised by 9 hyperconjugation structures, giving it greater stability.
When a combination of 1-iodo-2-methylpropane and 2-iodopropane is treated with salt, it produces three compounds as a result of intermolecular and intramolecular reactions:
Number of hydrogen reactivity = number of mono-chlorinated compounds 1° H = 9 1 = 9 mono-chlorinated products 2° H = 2 3.8 = 7.6 mono-chlorinated products 3° H = 1 5 = 5 mono-chlorinated products...
Nucleophiles I (vi), (vii), and (viii) Electrophiles are (ii), (iii), (iv), and (v).
Step 1: Peroxide homolysis to produce free radicals Step 2: Bromine free radical formation ∙C6H5 + H-BR → C6H6 + Br Step 3: hydrogen bromide reacts with an alkyl radical.∙
I We can cycle acetylene using the intermolecular condensation technique and then treat it at high temperatures in a red hot iron tube. (ii) After being converted to benzene, the aliphatic molecule...
A nitrogen atom is linked to two extremely electronegative oxygen atoms in the Nitro group. This causes a net reduction in electron density around the nitrogen atom, giving nitrogen a positive charge.
Halogens have a ns2p5 outer configuration, indicating that they may take one electron and are near to completing their octate; halogens have a significant affinity for attracting one electron,...
I Bromine undergoes electrophilic substitution with Br2 in the presence of anhydrous FeBr3 to generate bromobenzene. We get a p-nitrobromobenzene after treating it with conc. HNO3 and conc. H2SO4 at...
Friedel Crafts alkylation with a Lewis acid is demonstrated in this process. The development of the carbocation will occur initially, followed by the production of a more stable secondary...
The ascending order of reactivity is HI >HBr>HCl. The rising order of halogen reactivity corresponds to the rise in bond energy.
Because there is less C – H bond pair repulsion and the atoms are at their furthest distance from one other, the staggered arrangement is more stable than an eclipse.
In ethane, the single bond is a – bond, which is a coaxial overlap of orbitals that allows the C C bond to rotate on its axis. However, due to the torsional strain that the bond receives as a result...
The negative charge that has generated on one carbon attacks the proton from NH3 and causes another sodium atom to lose its electron, causing the atom to create a second negative charge. The second...
To produce a more stable saturated product, alkenes undergo an addition reaction. Hybridization shifts from sp2 to sp3 in this reaction. A substitution process maintains the resonance stability of...
Option (ii) and (iii) are the answers
Option (i) and (iii) are the answers.
Option (i) and (iii) are the answers.
Option (i) and (iii) are the answers.
The solutions are options (i) and (iii).
Option (i) and (iv) are the answers.
The solutions are options (iii) and (iv).
The solutions are options (iii) and (iv).
The solutions are options (iii) and (iv).
Option (iii) is the answer.
The solution is option (iv).
The solution is option (ii).
The solution is Option (iii)
Option (iv) is the answer.
Option I is the correct response.
Option I is the correct response.
Option (ii) is the correct response.
Option (i) is the solution
the answer is Option (iv)
Option (iii) is the answer.
Option (i) is the answer.
Option (iv) is the answer.
Option (ii) is the answer.
Option (i) is correct.
Option (ii) is correct.
correct is Option (iii)
(i) are a and d (ii) is c (iii) is a (iv) is b
(i) is e (ii) is d (iii) is a (iv) is b (v) is c
(i) is d (ii) is e (iii) is a (iv) is c (v) is b
(i) are c and d (ii) are e and d (iii) is b (iv) is a
The laxative effect is the loosening of faeces and increased bowel movement induced by laxative drugs. Laxatives in high dosages might induce diarrhoea. This might be due to an excessive amount of...
The ozone layer is heavier than oxygen and is thermodynamically unstable, yet the interaction between ozone production and dissociation has a dynamic equilibrium. As a result, they avoid settling...
The action of ultraviolet light on atmospheric oxygen forms the ozone layer in the stratosphere. UV rays cause molecular oxygen to divide or dissociate into two oxygen atoms. O 2 (g) → O (g) + O (g)...
Nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds (VOC), ozone, and PAN (peroxyacetyl nitrate) are all components of photochemical smog. In the presence of sunshine, nitrogen oxide in the smog dissociates...
The uncatalyzed oxidation of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide is sluggish, but it may be oxidised quickly in the presence of a catalyst in the environment. There are substances in the atmosphere...
This sort of breathing difficulty can be caused by toxic nitrogen and sulphur oxides in the environment. These oxides are produced in industry by the oxidation of fossil fuels such as coal. N2 (g) +...
Algae breakdown by bacteria continually generates a nasty odour, and algae contaminate and make water unpleasant. The quantity of dissolved oxygen in the water drops as well, which might cause...
The quantity of oxygen required by bacteria to breakdown organic materials is known as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The higher the BOD of water, the more contaminated it is. The water with a...
Water absorbs oxygen from the atmosphere when it comes into direct contact with atmospheric air. During the day, green aquatic plants photosynthesise. Photosynthesis does not occur at night, but the...
Biodegradable pollutants are ones that can be degraded by bacteria or other natural elements such as fruits, sewage, and so on. Bacteria have a difficult time decomposing non-biodegradable...
The dumping of household garbage in the lake can give nutrients for algae and aquatic plants to develop fast. The breakdown of these, which is aided by bacteria, can also result in a bad odour. The...
Inadequate industrial and household waste management in a city can result in significant harm to both living and non-living objects. 1. If household trash is not properly disposed of, sewage pipes...
The action of ultraviolet radiation causes chlorofluorocarbons to dissociate, releasing the free chlorine radicle. U V radiations + CF2Cl2 + Cl + CFC Now that this Chlorine radicle has formed, it is...
The process of eutrophication is when the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water decreases. It's a process in which nutrient-rich water bodies support a dense plant population, which then kills...
When ozone is removed from the atmosphere, UV radiation comes into direct contact with living organisms, causing harm such as skin cancer and a variety of other dangerous illnesses. The ozone in the...
Acid rain is caused by human activities that release sulphur and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere. 2H2SO4 = 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) + 2H2O (l) (aq) 4HNO3 (aq) = 4NO2 (g) + O2 (g) + 2H2O (l). Acid rain...
Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, chlorofluorocarbon compounds (CFCs), and water vapour are all responsible for the greenhouse effect, which leads to global warming.
The solutions are (i), (ii).
The solutions are (ii), (iii), and (iv).
The solutions are option (i) and (ii)
The solutions are option (iii) and (iv)
The solution is option (iV).
The solution is option (iii).
The solution is option (iii).
The solution is option (i).
The solution is option (ii).
The solution is option (ii).
The solution is option (iii).
The solution is option (i).
The solution is option (i).
The solution is option (i).
The solution is option (iii).
Option (i) is the correct answer
(i) is a, b and d (ii) is b (iii) is b (iv) are c and d
(i) is c (ii) is e (iii) is a (iv) is b (v) is d
(i) is c (ii) is f (iii) is b (iv) is a (v) is d (vi) is e
(i) is e (ii) is d (iii) is a (iv) is b (v) is c
Compound A's two resonant structures are not equal, but compound B, which has a negative charge on the oxygen atom, has two equivalent structures, making it more stable.
Steam distillation can be used to separate the mixture. The boiling points of alcohol and hydrocarbon are almost same. Steam distillation is used to purify temperature-sensitive materials in...
Because all of the atoms in structure I have a complete octet, while the carbon atom with a positive charge does not have a complete octet in structure II, structure I will be more stable.
Conjugation is only feasible when an atom possesses any of the double bond's charge or alternate positions. Because of this, CH3OH will not exist as a resonance hybrid here.
1. In the inductive effect, the electron is only sent through the sigma bond, but in the resonance effect, the electron is transmitted through both the sigma and pi bonds. 2. It is feasible when the...
(i) Because the bromine atom destabilises the positive charge on a carbon atom, C+H3 will be more stable. Bromine possesses a lone pair of electrons and is an electron-withdrawing group. (ii) CCl3...
(i)The compound's name is 3-ethyl-4-methyl-5-heptane-2-one. (ii) The chemical is called 1-nitro-cyclohexane-2-ene.
3NaCNS + FeSO4 + dilute sulphuric→ Fe(CNS)3 (Blood red colour) + 3Na+ Ramesh's organic molecule has both Nitrogen and Sulphur, resulting in the Blood-red colour of Fe(CNS)3, whereas Manish and...
The following is the stability order: (III) > (II) > (I) > IV This is due to the fact that (III) is a tertiary carbocation, (II) is a secondary carbocation, and (I) and (IV) are primary...
Triphenylcarbocation is a tertiary carbocation with a positive charge on the carbon atom that is stabilised by resonance thanks to the three phenyl groups. The stability of the system improves as a...
Inductive effect, hyperconjugation, resonance, and other factors influence the stability of carbocation. Because structure A has a carbocation that is both primary and allylic, whereas...
Structure C is more stable than structure A because all atoms' octets are complete in structure C, but in structure A, a C-atom with a positive charge does not have 8 electrons in its valence...
Because the liquid component decomposes near its boiling point, indicating that it is heat-sensitive, we purify it using "Steam distillation." For temperature-sensitive materials, this is done.
Because nitrogen cannot be transformed into ammonium sulphate at the conditions employed in the Kjeldahl technique, it cannot be used to estimate nitrogen levels in DNA and RNA. This test for DNA...
a. The main(parent) chain should be the longest carbon chain feasible, including all carbons containing functional groups. With both functional groups in the main chain, the aforementioned option is...
The functional groups (thioether/sulphide) are the similar in both structures, but the atoms in the main chain are arranged differently. As a result, they can show chain isomerism.
CH3—CH2—CH2—δ-CH2—δ+Mg+ X- Because the electronegativity differential in the C-Mg bond is strongly polarised, carbon is more electronegative than magnesium. Because C is more electronegative, its...
There are three forms of carbon hybridization in organic compounds: sp, sp2, and sp3. The electronegativity of carbon increases as the ‘s' character increases because ‘s' orbitals are closer to the...
The terminal carbons are sp2 hybridised, forming three sigma bonds (two with H and one with C) and one pi bond (between carbons), whereas the middle carbon is sp hybridised (as it forms 2 sigma...
If dilute H2 SO4 is used, sodium sulphide and sodium cyanine are not destroyed, therefore the proper result will not be obtained if halides are present.
Chain isomerism is represented by the chemicals I and III, I and IV, II and III, II and IV, II and IV, V and VII, VI and VII. Chain isomerism refers to compounds that have the same chemical formula...
Position isomerism is represented by the chemicals I and II, III and IV, V and VI. When the length of the parent chain and the functional group are the same but the position of the functional group...
I and V, I and VI, I and VII, II and V, II and VI, II and VII, III and V, III and VI, III and VII, IV and V, IV and VI, IV and VII. Each ether in the listed seven compounds has an alcohol function...
Metamers V and VI form a pair. (Ethers' metamers) The chain length of compounds V and VI is the same, but the carbon arrangement around the oxygen atom differs.
The correct answers are (i) and (ii).
The correct answers are I and (iii).
The correct answers are (i) and (iii).
Correct Option is (ii)
The correct answers are (ii) and (iii).
Option (i), (iii) and (iv) are the answers.
The correct answers are I and (iv).
Option II is the correct answer.
Option (ii) is the correct answer.
Option III is the correct answer.
Option IV is the correct answer.
Option I is the correct answer.
Option II is the correct answer.
Option I is the correct answer.
Option II is the correct answer.
Option IV is the correct answer.
Option IV is the correct answer.
Option (iii) is the correct answer.
Option (iii) is the correct answer.
Option II is the correct answer.
Option IV is the correct answer.
Option I is the correct answer.
Correct Option is (ii)
Correct Option is (i)
(i) is b (ii) is c (iii) is b (iv) is a (v) is b (vi) is c
(i) is c (ii) is d (iii) is a (iv) is e (v) is b
(i) is e (ii) is c (iii) is d (iv) is a,b
BF3 + 3LiAlH4 → B2H6 + 3LiF + 3AlF3 3B2H6 + 3O2 → B2O3 + 3H2O
A is Borax, which produces Orthoboric acid when it combines with HCl in the presence of water (X). When Orthoboric acid is heated, Metaboric is formed, and when heated further, the chemical Z, i.e....
A is Borax, which produces Orthoboric acid when it combines with HCl in the presence of water (X). When Orthoboric acid is heated, Metaboric is formed, and when heated further, the chemical Z, i.e....
(ix) BF3 does not entirely hydrolyze. Instead, it forms boric acid and fluoroboric acid after partial hydrolysis. Because the HF is produced first, it interacts with H3BO3. As a result, BF3 does not...
(vii) The +3 oxidation state of Tl is less stable than the +1 oxidation state due to the weak shielding effect of the inner electronic orbitals. Because Tl's oxidation state is +3 in Tl(NO3)3, it...
(v); Due to the inert pair effect, the lower oxidation state, i.e. +2, is more stable than the higher one while travelling from top to bottom in the group. As a result of the inert pair effect, Pb...
(iii) While aluminium has an empty d-orbital to accommodate the electrons from the fluorine atom, boron does not have an empty d-orbital. (iv); Pb is a part of the periodic table's group 14. (carbon...
(i)The effective nuclear charge of Ga is somewhat greater than that of Al due to the poor shielding of valence electrons by the intervening 3d electrons. (ii) Boron's valence shell has three...
Aluminium interacts with both acid and base to produce hydrogen gas, which pops and burns in the air. As a powerful oxidising agent, nitric acid produces a thin coating of aluminium oxide on the...
AlCl3 + 6H2O → [Al(H2O)6]3+ + 3Cl– The 6 H2O molecules bind to Al, donating 6 electron pairs to the Al3+ ion's 3s, 3p, and 3d orbitals. As a result, the Al atom hybridization in [Al(H2O)6]3+ species...
One valence electron of each Si atom will become free if a few tetrahedral Si atoms in a three-dimensional network structure of SiO2 are replaced with an equal number of trivalent atoms. As a...
The likelihood of s orbital electrons to form bonds diminishes down the group from group 13 and 14 due to inadequate shielding of s orbital electrons by d and f orbitals. The inner pair effect is...
I In comparison to carbon, silicon has a huge size. It does not provide a decent overlapping pattern. With oxygen atoms, it forms four single covalent bonds. Two Si atoms are connected to each...
I Because water is polar and CCl4 is non-polar, CCl4 is insoluble in water. There are no vacant orbitals on the carbon atom to absorb the electrons given by oxygen in water. Because Si possesses an...
Because aluminium contains three electrons in its valence shell, AlCl3 forms a covalent connection with chlorine by creating three single chlorine bonds, making it an electron-deficient molecule and...
Because it possesses 6 electrons in its outermost orbital and an empty p orbital, BCL3 is an electron-deficient compound. As a result, it functions as a Lewis acid, accepting a single pair of...
[B(OH)4]–species are formed when boric acid interacts with water. B(OH)3 + 2H2O → [B(OH)4]– + H3O+ Boron hybridization is sp3 in this species.
Boric acid is a weak monobasic acid that accepts electrons from a hydroxyl ion to behave as a Lewis acid. B(OH)3 + 2H2O → [B(OH)4]– + H3O+ Boric acid accepts OH-, resulting in the production of the...
The solutions are options (ii) and (iv).
The solutions are I (ii), and (iv).
The correct answers are II and (iii).
The correct answers are I and (ii).
The correct answers are II and (iii).
The correct answers are I and (ii).
Option II is the correct response.
Option III is the correct response.
Option IV is the correct response.
Option II is the correct response.
Option I is the correct response.
Option II is the correct response.
Option IV is the correct response
Option III is the correct response.
Option II is the correct response.
Option III is the correct response.