Solution: The physical barrier that prevents protoplast fusion is the cell wall. With the help of the enzymes cellulase and pectinase, the cell wall, which is made up of cellulose and pectin, is...
Solution: Pure line is a breed or strain of plants and animals that have homozygous alleles and have similar characters for various generations. In-breeding is used to establish pure lineages....
Solution: Natural selection and Artificial selection are defined as- Natural Selection: Nature picks creatures with desirable characteristics, as the term implies. Organisms that are better adapted...
Solution: Any unfavorable influence on the plant generated by any reason, whether biotic or abiotic, is referred to as stress. Stress has an impact on the plant's growth and development. Water...
Solution: India is a huge country with a lot to offer. Different soil types and climatic conditions can be found in different sections of the country. To be successful throughout India, a crop...
Solution: Tissue culture is a technique that allows us to grow thousands of identical plants from a single cell. Tissue culture plants are used to make thousands and thousands of perfect duplicates...
Solution: A breed is a group of animals with similar appearance, behavior, and other characteristics, whereas a species is a collection of plants and animals that live together and can reproduce...
a. Trisomy of 21st Chromosome b. XXY c. XO Solution: Aneuploidy occurs when chromatid segregation fails during the cell division cycle, resulting in the gain or loss of a chromosome(s). Polyploidy...
Solution: Hunt, Thomas Morgan and his colleagues carried out multiple dihybrid crosses of drosophila to examine the sex-linked genes and experimentally proved the theory of inheritance. Example:...
Solution: Color blindness is a disorder that can be handed down through the generations .
b. Also describe as to, who determines the sex of an unborn child? Mention whether the temperature has a role in sex determination. Solution: Humans have XY chromosomes that determine their gender....
Solution:
Solution: The human population still has sickle cell anaemia. It affects people who have mutations in both their maternal and paternal haemoglobin genes. The patients are more protected against...
Solution: It creates a combination of the expression of two alleles in partial dominance, and the F1 does not resemble either of the parents. Flower colour in a dog flower is an example. There is no...
Solution: It is a type of selection in which people choose desired features or a mix of traits in order to take advantage of species differences. Only in plants does the process of natural selection...
Solution: Recombination is the process of creating non-parental gene combinations through cross-over or independent selection. Alfred Sturtevant calculated the distance between gene pairs on the...
Solution: 1. It both occurs in pair 2. Genes and chromosomes separate during gamete development, and one of each pair is passed to a gamete. 3. The pairs will independently separate each...
Solution: Because it is a simple synthetic medium that can be cultivated in the laboratory, Drosophila has been utilised extensively for genetic studies. A single mating can result in a vast number...
Solution: Color blindness is a frequent genetic illness, meaning it is handed down from one generation to the next. When a father is colorblind, his daughter can only inherit an X chromosome. As a...
Tall, Red = 138 Tall, White = 132 Dwarf, Red = 136 Dwarf, White = 128 Mention the genotypes of the two parents and the four offspring types. Solution:
Solution: It boosts the organism's homozygozity. Through deletion, this also aids in the elimination of dangerous recessive genes. As a result, it encourages the accumulation of superior genes.
Solution: Incomplete dominance is the inheritance. F1 had a phenotype that was in between the parent plants and did not resemble either of them.
Solution: Morgan confirmed Mendelian inheritance laws as well as the fact that genes are found on the same chromosomes. In Drosophila, he discovered that eye colour was a sex-linked feature....
Solution: The presence of an extra copy of chromosomal number 21 (9trisomy of 21) causes Down syndrome. 23 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes make up the karyotype. (There are a total...
Solution: Yes, a child can have blood group O if both of his parents have blood groups A and B. The gene I controls ABO blood grouping in humans. IA, IB, and I are the three alleles of the gene (I)....
Solution: Starting with homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive parents in a monohybrid cross, F1 with partial dominance can show identical genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
Solution: A mutagen can alter the alignment and content of nitrogen bases in DNA, resulting in a different gene product and therefore mutation.
Solution: A diploid organism has more than two alleles, and each character has two alleles. Multiple alleles can be discovered in population research.
Solution: The tiny grain size produced by a double recessive allele is the genetic basis for the wrinkled phenotype of pea seed.
Solution: The father, not the mother, determines the baby's sex. The X chromosome is carried by 50% of sperm while the Y chromosome is carried by 50% of sperm. After fusing, the zygote has XX or YY...
Solution: The given cross is Aa bb DD X aa bb dd. Hence the offspring’s would be:
Solution: Individual phenotype is the product of the interaction of environment and genotype. Phenotype = Genotype + Environment
Solution: Mendel obtained only red-flowered plants with genotype Rr by crossing red (RR) and white (rr) flowering plants. This is the first hybrid generation's filial progeny (F1) or plants. F1...
Solution: Homozygous means that the allelic pairings of a gene are same, whereas heterozygous means that the allelic pairs of a gene are different. A dominant factor is one of two distinct factors,...
Solution: Tissue culture, we know, has made it feasible to grow a new plant from any portion of an existing one. Tissue culture is the method through which we can produce thousands of plants of the...
Solution:
Solution: Meristematic tissue cells undergo differentiation and lose their ability to divide in order to create permanent tissue, as we know. Plants, on the other hand, have the rare capacity to...
Solution: Because of true breeding, Mendel pollinated a pure-breeding tall plant with a pure-breeding dwarf plant to produce the F1 generation. Half of the kids of a genotype resemble one parent,...
Solution: A culture media is a growth medium that has been artificially created. This medium contains a variety of nutrients, chemicals, growth regulators, and food supplements that the growing cell...
Solution: According to the pedigree, both parents are carriers, and only a handful of the kids exhibit the feature that is gender agnostic. The other could be normal or a carrier.
Solution: Plant cells can be cultured in vitro more easily than animal cells. The reasons behind this are as follows: (a) Meristem is present in a plant, and meristem cells are always divided....
Solution: True breeding is the criterion for selecting the organisms.
Solution: 1. Selection of parents with desired characters 2 Emasculation and bagging procedures protect the stigma against contamination (unwanted pollen grains). Cucurbits are monoecious...
Solution: Morphological features: Various plants have a certain hair-like structure in the stem and other parts of the plants, these features prevent insect pests and Biochemical features...
Solution: Even if the characteristics were on the same chromosome, Mendel's rules of inheritance would not have been different because Mendel's laws of inheritance would not have been different even...
Solution: The improved qualities of wheat that helped India accomplish the green revolution were as follows: (a) Semi-dwarf plants: Semi-dwarf plants use the majority of their resources to produce a...
The Test cross is a cross between F1 progeny (that is, F2 generation) and a homozygous recessive parent that is used to determine the genotype (genetic makeup) of a plant whose phenotype (visible...
group, respectively. What would be the genotype of both mother and father? a. Mother is homozygous for ‘A’ blood group and father is heterozygous for ‘B’ b. Mother is heterozygous for ‘A’ blood...
Solution: Germplasm is nothing more than a collection of genes. The collection of plants or seeds that include all of the various alleles for all of the genes in a specific crop is completed. The...
phenotypes and genotypes are: a. phenotypes – 4; genotypes – 16 b. phenotypes – 9; genotypes – 4 c. phenotypes – 4; genotypes – 8 d. phenotypes – 4; genotypes – 9Solution: Option (d) is the...
Solution: Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technique (MOET) is used to improve fertilizing success rates. A cow is given an FSH-like activity hormone to enhance follicular maturation and...
genes, the F1 heterozygote is crossed with the homozygous recessive parental type (aa bb). What would be the ratio of offspring in the next generation? a. 1: 1 : 1: 1 b. 9 : 3 : 3: 1 c. 3: 1 d. 1: 1...
Solution: Adopting nutritious foods can help prevent both malnutrition and lifestyle problems. As part of an overall healthy diet, eating a diet high in various vegetables and fruits may protect...
is discrete and independent. His proposition was based on the a. results of the F3 generation of a cross. b. observations that the offspring of a cross made between the plants having two contrasting...
Solution: It appears that the low yield from the farm was because of the absence of sufficient pollinators. We know pollination is important for seed production in many crops. Insects are important...
studied by the pedigree analysis. Character studied in the pedigree analysis is equivalent to: a. quantitative trait b. Mendelian trait c. polygenic trait d. maternal trait Solution: Option (b) is...
have 18 chromosomes. The 17 and 18 chromosome-bearing organisms are: a. males and females, respectively b. females and males, respectively c. all males d. all females Solution: Option (a) is the...
Solution: The rise of aquaculture as a significant and highly productive agricultural activity is referred to as the 'blue revolution.' Its vision is to achieve economic prosperity for the country,...
the phenomenon is called: a. multiple allelism b. mosaicism c. pleiotropy d. polygeny Solution: Option (c) is the answer.
on the: a. non-homologous chromosomes b. homologous chromosomes c. extranuclear genetic element d. same chromosome Solution: Option (b) is the answer.
Solution: Globalization is aided by migration from one location to another. As a result, there is a greater risk of infectious diseases spreading quickly. The virus can even spread from person to...
a. Independent assortment of genes b. Crossing over c. Linkage d. Mutation Solution: Option (c) is the answer
a. The alleles of two genes are interacting with each other b. It is a multigenic inheritance c. It is a case of multiple allelism d. The alleles of two genes are segregating independently Solution:...
(i) Breed Selection: The breed should be capable of producing a high milk output. It should be able to fend off a variety of ailments. (ii) Cattle shed construction: Cattle sheds should be well...
plants. What would be the genotypes of both the parents? a. TT and Tt b. Tt and Tt c. TT and TT d. Tt and tt Solution: Option (b) is the answer.
Solution: If the character of height is taken into consideration, tallness can be desirable for one plant whereas undesirable for another plant. The same is the case with dwarfness. (a) While a...
a. Platypus b. Snails c. Cockroach d. Peacock Solution: Option (d) is the answer.
because of: a. Pleiotropy b. Co-dominance c. Segregation d. Incomplete dominance Solution: Option (b) is the answer.
Solution: The two contributions of Dr. M. S. Swaminathan are- (i) M.S. Swaminathan produced high-yielding, short-duration rice cultivars, notably scented Basmati. He is known as the ‘Father of Green...
the following triplets codes for valine? a. G G G b. A A G c. G A A d. G U G Solution: Option (d) is the answer.
Solution: Pisciculture is the culture of just fishes to obtain products of fish whereas aquaculture is the culture of all aquatic plants and animals. Aquaculture - Fish is a high-protein food with a...
female to only some of the male progeny, the disease is: a. Autosomal dominant b. Autosomal recessive c. Sex-linked dominant d. Sex-linked recessiveSolution: Option (d) is the answer.
a. a direct relationship b. an inverse relationship c. a parallel relationship d. no relationship Solution: Option (a) is the answer.
a. Aneuploidy b. Polyploidy c. Allopolyploidy d. Monosomy Solution: Option (a) is the answer.
Solution: In the interspecific crossing, two different male and female species mate. The offspring produced in this manner will be sterile. As a result, inter-specific crosses are rare in nature....
Solution: The following are the two main limits of the plant hybridization program: (a) Germplasm collection: Cultivators and agricultural scientists require seeds from currently produced kinds as...
a. Form different groups depending upon their relative distance b. Form one linkage group c. Will not from any linkage groups d. Form interactive groups that affect the phenotype Solution: Option...
Solution: Emasculation is the process of removing the male portion of a bisexual flower, the anther. The male reproductive component (stamens) of a flower, usually a bisexual flower, is...
Solution: The fusion of any two organisms produces a somatic hybrid, whereas the fusion of two different varieties or two related species produces a hybrid. Nuclear and cytoplasmic fusion occurs as...
Solution: No, it is not incorrect because each plant will be genetically identical to the original plant from which it was developed, i.e., clones/soma clones. A clone is a live entity that is...
Solution: They must pay attention to animal behavior. At regular intervals, they should perform a basic check-up. Vaccination is given for a particular amount of time. Analyzing and inspecting the...
Solution: Aquaculture is defined as the culture or farming of all the aquatic plants and animals for economic use. Therefore, aquaculture is the breeding of aquatic animals or the cultivation of...
Solution: Spirulina is a high-protein food that contains all of the essential amino acids. Spirulina has a considerably higher protein content than pulses. As a result, it may be a healthier protein...
Solution: Single called protein is a protein-rich meal manufactured by microorganisms (SCP) Spirulina is a type of bacteria that has a lot of protein. Since bacteria proliferate at such a rapid...
Solution: Meristems have the ability to divide continuously throughout their lives, and their walls are thin and elastic to aid division, making them ideal for tissue. They divide and differentiate...
Solution: Protoplast fusion is a way of fusing somatic cells from various plants to create a hybrid. Both spontaneous and induced fusion procedures can be used to combine protoplasts from two...
Solution: Somatic hybrids are formed by fusing isolated protoplasts from two different plant varieties, each with a desirable characteristic, to produce a hybrid protoplast that can be grown to form...
Solution: Many people are able to obtain a product that is solely composed of carbohydrates. Other nutrients, such as protein, vitamins, and minerals, are not available to these people. This is...
Solution: a) Mating of closely related individuals within the same breed - v) inbreeding b) Mating of animals of the same breed but with no common ancestors on either side for at least 4-6...
Solution: Triticale was the earliest cereal created by humans. It's a cross between wheat and rye. It was first bred in the laboratory in Scotland and Sweden in the late 1800s. It blends wheat's...
Solution: Although wild variants of domesticated plants have a low yield, they are disease and insect-resistant. They have various resistant characters (genes) that can be introduced in other...
Solution: Two closely related species are mated for a few generations, the technique is known as inbreeding, and if this is continued, inbreeding depression occurs. The condition is known as...
Solution: If gamma rays aren't directly exposed to humans, they can't be hazardous to their health. Only the crop varieties are mutated as a result. Since humans are not in direct contact with the...
Solution: Millions of chickens were murdered (culled) in West Bengal, Orissa, and Maharashtra after the H5N1 virus, the cause of Bird Flu. Since they were infected with the bird flu virus, which can...
Solution: Germplasm collection refers to the full collection of all the various alleles of all the genes in a certain crop. It is used to assess the desirable character combinations in plants. It is...
Solution: Agriculture, together with its associated industries, is unquestionably India's major source of income, particularly in the country's vast rural areas. It also makes a substantial...
Solution: India's agriculture sector employs over 70% of the population, with 80 percent of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounts for 20.5 percent of India's GDP. So, the...
Solution: India and China account for more than 70% of the world's cattle population. However, the contribution to global agriculture production is only 25%, implying a very poor productivity per...
Solution: Apiculture, also known as beekeeping, is the practice of maintaining bee colonies in order to produce honey. Beeswax is a by-product of honey bees that are used to make numerous polishes...
Solution: Rohu, Catla, and common carp are freshwater fish, while Hilsa is both a freshwater and a marine fish. Freshwater fish are hypertonic to their surroundings, meaning that the concentration...
Solution: Plant cell walls are made up of cellulose, soluble proteins, and pectin, and are organized in layers. As a result, both pectinase (a pectin-degrading enzyme) and cellulase are required to...
Solution: The protoplasm of a living cell whose cell wall has been removed is known as protoplast. In other words, a protoplast is a plant cell that lacks a cell wall. It is done in order to create...
Solution: Plants are propagated by developing plantlets in tissue culture and then transplanting them into the wild. Tissue culture is a technique for growing plant cells, tissues, or organs in an...
Solution: The essential amino acids are those that our bodies cannot synthesize and must be obtained from our food. Lysine and tryptophan are essential amino acids. Non-essential amino acids are...
Solution: Plant breeding is the process of introducing a desired gene from a wild type into plants. When a related species is involved, the genes can only be transmitted from the wild type. The...
Solution: An explant is a section of the plant that has been removed and cultivated under sterile conditions in special nutritive media. In tissue culture, this is the procedure for producing a...
Solution: Somatic hybridization is a technique for manipulating cellular genomes by fusing protoplasts from different species. Treatment of cells with digesting enzymes can be used to isolate their...
Solution: The ability to create a completely new plant from any cell is referred to as totipotency. Explants could be used to regrow the entire plant (any part of the plant that is taken out and...
Solution: The process of improving the nutritional quality of food crops by agronomic methods, traditional plant breeding, or modern biotechnology is known as biofortification. Biofortification...
Solution: Mutation breeding is the technique of exposing seeds to chemicals and radiation to create mutants with desirable qualities that may be bred with other growers. The base sequence of genes...
Solution: Biocidal chemical substances known as fungicides are used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores. They stop pathogenic fungi from growing and causing major damage to crops. Antibiotics...
Solution: Saccharum barberi is sugarcane that is grown in north India, but it has a low sugar content and yield. Saccharum officinarum, on the other hand, was grown in south India and has thick...
Solution: Rice is grown in some South Indian states twice a year. This is owing to the development of improved rice varieties with increased nutritious content and higher annual yields. Golden rice...
Solution: The meristematic tissues are virus-free because virus spread in plant tissue does not keep up with meristem growth, which means meristem growth outpaces viral multiplication. Since they...
Solution: The fungus Puccinia graminis causes stem, black, and cereal rusts. It belongs to the phylum Basidiomycota, which is part of the kingdom Fungi. Infected plants produce fewer tillers and...
Solution: Wheat varieties like Sonalika and Kalyan Sona are semi-dwarf varieties developed by Norman E. Borlaug in Mexico in 1963. These are drug-resistant varieties with a high yield. There are...
Solution: Mating genetically identical creatures are referred to as inbreeding. Interbreeding aids in the expression of advantageous recessive alleles for a trait. Interbreeding is carried out in...
Solution: A breed is a collection of animals that are connected by descent and share several characteristics such as overall appearance, size, and traits. Leghorn, for example, is a better chicken...
Solution: When prepared correctly, chicken and other poultry products are safe to eat. The H5N1 virus, which causes avian flu, dies when poultry is cooked to 70 degrees Celsius. As a result, all...
Bacteriophages are viruses that parasitize other viruses. Bacteriophages are viruses that assault bacteria and infect and proliferate within them. They are composed of nucleic acid molecules that...
Solution: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a type of bacteria that is commonly used to ferment or culture foods. Curd contains lactic acid bacteria (LAB). It can be used for a variety of purposes,...
Solution: a) The Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) will increase, resulting in the mortality of species such as fish due to a lack of oxygen in the water. As people drink water directly from the river,...
Solution: Biological pest and disease control is based on the interdependency of multiple ecosystem components. This method is also founded on the recognition of the possible harm caused by chemical...
(a) The Government of India's Ministry of Environment and Forests has launched two plans: i. Action Plan for the Ganga ii. Action Plan for the Yamuna These proposals called for a large number of...
Solution: Aerobic degradation is more significant than anaerobic degradation for the treatment of large volumes of organic-rich wastewaters because: i) the majority of the organic sludge is digested...
Solution: A 'biofertilizer' is a chemical that contains living microorganisms that encourage development by boosting the supply or availability of primary nutrients when applied to seed, plant...
Solution: Streptokinase, produced by the bacterium Streptococcus, is utilized as a 'clot buster.' This enzyme has a fibrinolytic activity, which means it breaks down clots that form in the blood...
Solution: Antibiotics with a broad spectrum of action are effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Chloramphenicol, for example, is used to treat typhoid, dysentery, acute...
Solution: Microbes aid in the reduction of chemical-induced environmental damage. Agriculture is a good example of bioremediation. Biofertilizers are made up of bacteria that enrich the soil by...
Solution: Biogas is made up of three different gases. Methane ($C{{H}_{3}}$) makes up roughly 60-70 percent of the overall volume, carbon dioxide ($C{{O}_{2}}$) makes up about 30-40 percent, and...
Solution: Lipase and proteases are examples of enzymes that are crucial in detergents. They're used in detergents to clean and remove oily stains from clothing. These enzymes are derived from the...
Solution: As a number of bioactive molecules are important in the medical treatment of people, bioactive molecules of fungal origin aid in the restoration of human health. a) A statin is a drug that...
Solution: Sir Alexander Fleming White discovered penicillin while researching Staphytococd bacteria. Ernst Chain and Howard Florey, on the other hand, discovered its full potential as an effective...
Solution: Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin by accident in 1921. When he returned from a vacation, he discovered that one of his staphylococcus culture plates had become infected with mold....
Solution: Cyanobacteria can fix nitrogen in the atmosphere. The soil conditions in paddy fields provide an ideal environment for nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria to thrive. Biofertilizers such as...
Solution: Mycorrhiza is a fungus that aids the plants that harbor it in drawing more nutrients from the soil, such as phosphorus, and transferring it to the host plant. This also aids ion in drawing...
Solution: The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis aids in the control of insect pest caterpillars by producing an endotoxin in the caterpillar's midgut after it is ingested by the pest. The endotoxin...
Solution: Flocs are bacterial masses that are linked together by fungal filaments to produce a mesh-like structure. The majority of the organic material in the sludge is digested by flocs. As a...
Solution: A substance that suppresses the immune system's response. It weakens the body's defenses against infections and other disorders including cancer. To prevent a person from rejecting a bone...
Solution: Enzymes are biological catalysts that are macromolecular in nature. Chemical reactions are sped up by them. Amylases and lipase are two industrially important enzymes. Amylase is a starch...
Solution: The Ganga action plan involves the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.
Solution: Penicillium roqueforti is the type of penicillium that is used to produces Roquefort cheese. It forms when the cheese starts ripening. Penicillium roqueforti is also used to give a...
Solution: Blue-green algae have the ability to multiply in water and fix nitrogen. Paddy, on the other hand, is the only crop that can thrive in stagnant water. The majority of other crops do not...
Solution: ECORI's source organism is Escherichia coli restriction endonucleases (e.g., E.Coli). It's a rod-shaped, gram-negative bacteria found in the intestines of warm-blooded mammals.
Solution: In the realm of biotechnology, microbes are commonly utilized to produce primary and secondary metabolites. These have a wide range of applications in agriculture, medicine, and...
Solution: Because the microbes in the rumen (a part of the stomach) of cattle, collectively known as methanogens, are capable of digesting cellulose and have cellulase enzyme, we would be able to...
Solution: The most important feature that Aspergillus Niger, Clostridium butylicum, and Lactobacillus have in common is that they are all microorganisms involved in the creation of acids....
Solution: Different types of alcoholic drinks are produced depending on the type of raw material used for fermentation and the style of processing (with or without distillation). Wine and beer are...
Solution: Antibiotics produced by bacteria are widely recognized as one of the most important discoveries of the twentieth century, and they have made a tremendous contribution to human wellbeing....
Solution: In farms, nucleopolyhydro viruses are employed to manage pests and other arthropods. These viruses are narrow-spectrum, meaning they have no effect on plants, cattle, humans, or non-target...
Solution: Secondary waste water treatment is called biological treatment because microorganisms are involved in the breakdown of organic matter in this phase of waste water treatment. The primary...
Solution: For commercial stain production, the yeast Monascus purpureus is utilised. Stain works by inhibiting the cholesterol-forming enzyme in a competitive manner, decreasing blood cholesterol...
Solution: The fermenter is a vessel or apparatus that is used to conduct microbial fermentation for the commercial manufacture of specific chemicals. Fermenters come in a variety of shapes and...
Solution: When a bacterium called Propionibacterium sharmanii consumes the lactose protein in the cheese to make lactic acid, it produces a lot of carbon dioxide. This is why Swiss cheese has large...
Solution: Option (a) is the answer. To be pumped back to the aeration tank, the activated sludge must settle fast. 'Be swiftly pumped back from the sedimentation tank to the aeration tank' is the...
Solution: Option (a) is the answer. Methanogens are a type of prokaryotic bacteria that belongs to the Archaea phylum. - Prokaryotes are organisms that lack a well-defined nucleus and cell...
Solution: Option (c) is the answer Because it provides certain organic compounds and minerals to the soil, the residue remaining after methane production from calf dung is used as manure. As a...
Solution: Option (c) is the answer. When Propionibacterium shermani consumes lactic acid, it produces carbon dioxide and bubbles. Big holes appear in the Swiss cheese as a result of the bubbles. As...
Solution: Option (d) is the answer. Nitrogen fixation is aided by Anabaena, Nostoc, and Azotobacter. Pseudomonas, on the other hand, execute denitrification, which is the conversion of nitrates to...
Solution: Option (d) is the answer. Mycorrhizae aids the host plant in boosting its phosphorus uptake capability and drought tolerance. Mycorrhiza produces compounds that protect against pathogens...
Solution: The microorganisms' ability to break down and destroy the organic materials in sewage or activated sludge is dependent on oxygen. The degradation rate will slow if the oxygen availability...
Solution: Option (b) is the answer. Trichoderma fungi are free-living fungi found in abundance in root habitats. They are employed in the treatment of plant diseases and are efficient biocontrol...
Solution: Option (c) is the answer. The Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) and the Khadi & Village Industries Commission (KVIC) were instrumental in developing the method for...
Solution: Option (a) is the answer. Wine is an alcoholic beverage made without the use of distillation, whereas whiskey, rum, and brandy are made by distilling a fermented broth. Depending on the...
Solution: The amount of oxygen consumed when all the organic matter in one liter is oxidized by bacteria is known as biological oxygen demand (BOD). Thus, the amount of oxygen used is used to...
Solution: Option (b) is the answer. Filtration and sedimentation are used in the initial treatment to physically remove particles from the sewage. These are removed first by sequential filtering,...
Solution: Option (d) is the answer. In activated sludge, methanogenic bacteria (bacteria that create methane) are not detected. Microorganisms that produce methane are anaerobic bacteria. Aerobic...
Solution: Option (a) is the answer. During secondary treatment, a huge amount of activated sludge is generated, which is used as an inoculum, and a small portion of it is piped back to the massive...
Solution: Option (c) is the answer 1. The bacteria lactobacillus converts the lactose in the milk into lactic acid, resulting in curd. 2. The nutritional content of the curd will change in...
a. Relation of heterogeneous populations to its environment b. Relation of an individual to its environment c. Relation of a community to its environment d. Relation of a biome to its environment...
a. The zygote begins to divide right after the primary endosperm cell (PEC) because it needs nourishment during its development provided by the PEC. b. The PEC forms the endosperm where food...
Williamson's synthesis is a flexible approach for making symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers. However, careful reactant selection is required for the synthesis of unsymmetrical ethers. Because the...
Solutions: (i) 2, 2, 4 -Trimethylpentan – 3 – ol (ii) 5 – Ethylheptane – 2, 4 – diol
(−NH—CHR—CO−)n is a homopolymer because it is derived from a single monomeric unit, (-NH-CHR-CO-)
Vitamins are divided into two categories based on their solubility in water or fat. (a) Water-Soluble Vitamins: This category includes vitamins that are water-soluble. B vitamins (B1,B2, B12 etc.)...
The H-bonds formed between the -NH group of each amino acid residue and the -OH group of the adjacent turns of the α-helix aid in helix stabilization.
(i) The glucose pentaacetate does not react with hydroxylamine. This demonstrates that glucose does not include a free -CHO group. (ii) Aldehydes produce hydrogen sulfite as a byproduct by giving...
(i) When D-glucose is heated with HI for a long time, n-hexane is produced. (ii) D-glucose is converted to D-gluconic acid when it is treated with Bromine water. (iii) After being treated with HNO3,...
Starch consists of amylopectin and amylose subunits. Amylose has a long linear chain of alpha – D (+)glucose units linked together by a C1-C4 glycosidic bond (alpha -link). Figure :- Amylose While...
(i) One molecule of α-D glucose and one molecule of β-D fructose are produced when sucrose is hydrolyzed. (b) When lactose is hydrolyzed, it produces beta-D-galactose and beta-D-glucose
Glycogen, commonly known as animal starch, is a type of carbohydrate found solely in animals. It is made up of polysaccharides. Glycogen and starch are the two primary sources of glucose in humans....
2-deoxyribose, galactose, ribose, and fructose are monosaccharides. Lactose and maltose are two disaccharides.