Answer: Because of the small atomic and ionic sizes of Be and Mg, their electrons are closely attached to the atom. Flames occur as a result of an electron being excited from one of its energy...
Write Lewis structure of ion and find out oxidation state of each oxygen atom? What is the average oxidation state of oxygen in this ion?
Answer: Because an oxygen atom with zero charges contains six electrons, the oxidation state of the atom is zero. An atom of oxygen with a negative charge contains seven electrons, while when it has...
In the Solvay process, can we obtain sodium carbonate directly by treating the solution containing with sodium chloride? Explain.
Answer: The Solvay method passes $CO_2$ through a concentrated sodium chloride solution containing ammonia, forming ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydrogen carbonate. Crystals of ammonium hydrogen...
All compounds of alkali metals are easily soluble in water but lithium compounds are more soluble in organic solvents. Explain.
Answer: As a result of their large ionic size and low activation enthalpy, alkali metal compounds create ionic compounds, whereas lithium produces covalent compounds as a result of its small ionic...
Why are BeSO4 and MgSO4 readily soluble in water while CaSO4, SrSO4 and BaSO4 are insoluble?
Answer: CaSO4, SrSO4, and BaSO4 are insoluble in water, whereas BeSO4 and MgSO4 are readily soluble in water. This is because to the higher hydration enthalpies of the Be2+ and Mg2+ ions, which...
Discuss the trend of the following: (i) Thermal stability of carbonates of Group 2 elements. (ii) The solubility and the nature of oxides of Group 2 elements.
Answer: i) Carbonate thermal stability rises with cationic size. The more stable an alkaline earth metal's oxide, the less stable its carbonate. As BeO is stable, BeCO3 is not. (ii) Alkali metals...
Name an element from Group 2 which forms an amphoteric oxide and a water-soluble sulphate.
Answer: Beryllium is from Group 2. Unlike the other chemicals, beryllium oxide is amphoteric. Group 2 sulfates are water-soluble, as is $BeSO_4$.
Lithium resembles magnesium in some of its properties. Mention two such properties and give reasons for this resemblance.
Answer: i) In terms of weight and hardness, lithium and magnesium are both significantly lighter and tougher than the other metals in their respective families. (ii) Both LiCl and MgCl2 halides are...
Complete the following reactions (i) (ii)
Answer: (i) Peroxide ions react with water and form $H _{2} O _{2}$. $O _{2}^{2-}+2 H _{2} O \longrightarrow 2 OH ^{-}+ H _{2} O _{2}$ (ii) Superoxides react with water and form $H _{2} O _{2}$...
When heated in air, the alkali metals form various oxides. Mention the oxides formed by Li, Na and K.
Answer: The reactivity of alkali metals towards oxygen rises with atomic size. So Li only produces LiO2 (Li2O). Sodium forms mostly sodium peroxide and a little sodium oxide, while potassium forms...
How do you account for the strong reducing power of lithium in aqueous solution?
Answer: Lithium has the largest negative E value of any element, measuring β3.04V. Lithium has tiny atomic size and the highest ionization enthalpy of all the elements, although this is offset by...
A uniform disc of radius R, is resting on a table on its rim. The coefficient of friction between disc and table is ΞΌ. Now the disc is pulled with a force F as shown in the figure. What is the maximum value of F for which the disc rolls without slipping?
Solution: Let the linear and angular acceleration be $a$ and $\alpha$ respectively. So, $F β f = Ma$ Where, M = mass of the disc f = force of friction applied at the centre Torque to disc,...
A uniform square plate S and a uniform rectangular plate R have identical areas and masses. Show that
Area of square $=$ area of rectangle $I_{z R}-I_{z S}=m\left(d_{R} / 2\right)^{2}-m\left(d_{S} / 2\right)^{2}$ On solving the above equation, we can get $I_{zR}/I_{zS}>1$
A uniform square plate S and a uniform rectangular plate R have identical areas and masses. Show that
a)
b)
a) $\mathrm{c}^{2}=\mathrm{ab}$ as $\mathrm{l}=\mathrm{mr}^{2}$ $\frac{I_{x R}}{I_{x S}}=\frac{m \frac{b}{2}^{2}}{m \frac{c}{2}^{2}}=\frac{b^{2}}{c^{2}}$ Because $c>b$ we can say, $c^{2}>b^ 2$...
Two cylindrical hollow drums of radii R and 2R and of a common height h, are rotating with angular velocities Ο (anti-clockwise) and Ο (clockwise) respectively. Their axes, fixed are parallel and in a horizontal plane separated by (3R + Ξ΄). They are now brought in contact
What would be the ratio of final angular velocities when friction ceases?
The anticlockwise and clockwise angular velocities of the drum are $\omega_{1}$ and $\omega_{2}$ respectively. When the velocities are equal, there is no force of friction and it is given as...
Two cylindrical hollow drums of radii R and 2R and of a common height h, are rotating with angular velocities Ο (anti-clockwise) and Ο (clockwise) respectively. Their axes, fixed are parallel and in a horizontal plane separated by (3R + Ξ΄). They are now brought in contact
a) show the frictional forces just after contact
b) identify forces and torques external to the system just after contact
a) We know, $v_{1} = \omega R$ $v_{2}=\omega^{2}R$ The direction of $v_{1}$ and $v_{2}$ are tangentially upwards in the figure, and they meet at point C. As a result, $f_{12}=-f_{21}$ represents the...
A disc of radius R is rotating with an angular speed about a horizontal axis. It is placed on a horizontal table. The coefficient of kinetic friction is .
a) what condition should be satisfied for rolling to being?
b) calculate the time taken for the rolling to being
a) The condition that needs to be satisfied is $v_{cm}=\omega_{o}R$ b) Frictional force is responsible for allowing rolling motion to occur without the disc slipping.
A disc of radius R is rotating with an angular speed about a horizontal axis. It is placed on a horizontal table. The coefficient of kinetic friction is .
a) what happens to the linear speed of the centre of mass when the disc is placed in contact with the table?
b) which force is responsible for the effects in previous questions?
a) The linear velocity of the revolving disc changes as it is brought into contact with the table. b) Frictional force is responsible. The figure depicts it:
A disc of radius R is rotating with an angular speed about a horizontal axis. It is placed on a horizontal table. The coefficient of kinetic friction is .
a) what was the velocity of its centre of mass before being brought in contact with the table?
b) what happens to the linear velocity of a point on its rim when placed in contact with the table?
a) Before coming into contact with the table, the disc was rotating, and $v_{cm}=0$ was the rest. b) When the revolving disc comes into contact with the table, the linear velocity of the disc...
Two discs of moments of inertia and about their respective axes and rotating with angular speed and are brought into contact face to face with their axes of rotation coincident.
a) calculate the loss in kinetic energy of the system in the process
b) account for this loss
a) Final kinetic energy = rotational + translation energy $K_{f}=KE_{R}+KE_{T}$ $\Delta \mathrm{K}=-I_{1} l_{2} / 2\left(I_{1}+l_{2}\right)\left(\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}\right) 2<0$ b) Because...
Two discs of moments of inertia and about their respective axes and rotating with angular speed and are brought into contact face to face with their axes of rotation coincident.
a) does the law of conservation of angular momentum apply to the situation? why?
b) find the angular speed of the two-disc system
a) Because there is no external torque on the system and the gravitational and normal reactions to external forces have net torque zero, the equation of conservation of angular momentum can be...
Find the centre of mass of a uniform
a) half-disc
b) quarter-disc
Solution: Let the mass of the half-disc be M Area of the half-disc will be $\frac{\pi R^{2}}{2}$ Mass per unit area will be $\frac{2M}{\pi R^{2}}$ a) when the disc is half, the centre of mass is (0,...
(n-1) equal point masses each of mass m are placed at the vertices of a regular n-polygon. The vacant vertex has a position vector concerning the centre of the polygon. Find the position vector of the centre of mass.
$r_{c m}=\frac{(n-1) m b+m a}{(n-1) m+m}$ is given Where, ${r_{cm}}$ The position of mass $m$ at the $n^{th}$ vertex is called. $r_{\mathrm{cm}}=0$ $\frac{(n-1) m b+m a}{(n-1) m+m}=0$ $(n-1) m b+m...
A door is hinged at one end and is free to rotate about a vertical axis. Does its weight cause any torque about this axis? Give a reason for your answer
Solution: The door's axis is in the y-axis, and it is in the x-y plane. As the force is applied in the z-axis, the door rotates in both the positive and negative directions. Gravity is acting on the...
A wheel in uniform motion about an axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to its plane is considered to be in mechanical equilibrium because no net external force or torque is required to sustain its motion. However, the particles that constitute the wheel do experience a centripetal acceleration directed towards the centre. How do you reconcile this fact with the wheel being in equilibrium? How would you set a half-wheel into uniform motion about an axis passing through the centre of mass of the wheel and perpendicular to its plane? Will you require external forces to sustain the motion?
A wheel is a stiff elastic body with a consistent motion that passes through its center, perpendicular to the wheel's plane. Due to elastic force, every particle of the wheel receives a centripetal...
The vector sum of a system of non-collinear forces acting on a rigid body is given to be non-zero. If the vector sum of all the torques due to the system of forces about a certain point is found to be zero, does this mean that it is necessarily zero about any arbitrary point?
The torques' vector total equals zero. However, the net force is not zero. The following is the mathematical explanation: $G_{i} \sum_{i=1}^{n} F_{t} \neq 0$ $\tau=\tau_{1}+\tau_{2}+\ldots...
A uniform sphere of mass m and radius R is placed on a rough horizontal surface. The sphere is struck horizontally at a height h from the floor.
Match the following $\begin{array}{|l|l|} \hline \text { a) } \mathrm{h}=\mathbf{R} / 2 & \text { i) sphere rolls without slipping with a constant velocity and no loss of energy } \\ \hline...
A uniform cube of mass m and side a is placed in a frictionless horizontal surface. A vertical force F is applied to the edge as shown in the figure.
Match the following $\begin{array}{|l|l|} \hline \text { a) } \mathrm{mg} / 4<\mathrm{F}<\mathrm{mg} / 2 & \text { i) cube will move up } \\ \hline \text { b) } \mathrm{F}>\mathrm{mg} /...
The variation of angular position ΞΈ, of a point on a rotating rigid body, with time t is shown in figure. Is the body rotating clock-wise or anti-clockwise?
We discover that the slope of the $\theta - t $ graph is positive, indicating anticlockwise rotation by convention. As $\theta$ is positive and we also know $\omega = \frac{d\theta}{dt}$ and $tan...
Why does a solid sphere have a smaller moment of inertia than a hollow cylinder of same mass and radius, about an axis passing through their axes of symmetry?
The moment of inertia is related to the square of the distance between the mass and the rotational axis. The distribution of mass in a solid sphere occurs from the sphere's centre to its radius. In...
Regarding figure, of a cube of edge a and mass n, state whether the following are true or false.
a) the moment of inertia of cube about the z-axis is
b) the moment of inertia of cube about zβ is
c) the moment of inertia of cube about zββ is
d)
Correct answers are: b) the moment of inertia of cube about zβ is $I_{z}^{\prime}=I_{z}+\frac{m a^{2}}{2}$ d) $I_{x}=I_{y}$
Figure shows a lamina in the x-y plane. Two axes z and zβ pass perpendicular to its plane. A force F acts in the plane of lamina at point P as shown. Which of the following are true?
a) torque Ο caused by F about z-axis is along
b) torque Οβ caused by F about zβ axis is along
c) torque Ο caused by F about the z-axis is greater in magnitude than that about the z-axis
d) total torque is given be Ο = Ο + Οβ
Correct answers are: b) torque Οβ caused by F about zβ axis is along $-\hat{k}$ c) torque Ο caused by F about the z-axis is greater in magnitude than that about the z-axis
The net external torque on a system of particle about any axis is zero. Which of the following are compatible with it?
a) the forces may be acting radially from a point on the axis
b) the forces may be acting on the axis of rotation
c) the forces may be acting parallel to the axis of rotation
d) the torque caused by some forces may be equal and opposite to that caused by other forces
When net external torque on a system of particles about an axis is zero, torque is the cross prodeuct of $\vec r$ and $\vec F = rFsin\theta \times torque=0$ where, $\theta$ is the amgle between the...
Figure shows two identical particles 1 and 2, each of mass m, moving in opposite directions with the same speed v along parallel lines. At a particular instant, and are their respective positions vectors drawn from point A which is in the plane of the parallel lines. Choose the correct options:
a) angular momentum of particle 1 is about A is
b) angular momentum of particle 2 about A is
c) total angular momentum of the system about A is
d) total angular momentum of the system about A is
Solution: Correct answers is: d) total angular momentum of the system about A is $l = mv(d_{2}-d_{1})$ Angular momentum of particle 1 about A is given as, $\vec L_1=mvd_1$ Angular momentum of...
Two long wires carrying current and are arranged as shown in the figure. The one carrying I1 is along is the x-axis. The other carrying current I2 is along a line parallel to the y-axis given by x = 0 and z = d. Find the force exerted at O2 because of the wire along the x-axis.
F = I(LΓB) = ILB sinΞΈΒ is the magnetic field B on a current-carrying wire. O2Β and I1Β Β are in the βY direction and parallel to the y-axis I2 is perpendicular to the y-axis and parallel to the Y-axis,...
Choose the correct alternatives:
a) for a general rotational motion, angular momentum L and angular velocity Ο need not be parallel
b) for a rotational motion about a fixed axis, angular momentum L and angular velocity Ο are always parallel
c) for a general translational motion, momentum p and velocity v is always parallel
d) for a general translational motion, acceleration a and velocity v are always parallel
a) Angular momentum L and angular velocity ΟΒ do not have to be parallel for a general rotating motion. c) Momentum p and velocity v are always parallel in a typical translational motion.
The density of a non-uniform rod of length 1 m is given by where a and b are constant and 0 β€ x β€ 1. The centre of mass of the rod will be at
a)
b)
c)
d)
Correct answer is a) $\frac{3(2+b)}{4(3+b)}$ Considering a differential part of the rod at a distance of $x$, we have, $\begin{array}{l} l=\frac{d m}{d x}=a\left(1+b x^{2}\right) \Rightarrow d...
A uniform square plate has a small piece Q of an irregular shape removed and glued to the centre of the plate leaving a hole behind, the CM of the plate is now in the following quadrant of the x-y plane
a) I
b) II
c) III
d) IV
Correct answer is c) III
A uniform square plate has a small piece Q of an irregular shape removed and glued to the centre of the plate leaving a hole behind. The moment of inertia about the z-axis is then
a) increased
b) decreased
c) the same
d) changed in an unpredicted manner
Correct answer is b) decreased
When a disc rotates with uniform angular velocity, which of the following is not true?
a) the sense of rotation remains the same
b) the orientation of the axis of rotation remains the same
c) the speed of rotation is non-zero and remains the same
d) the angular acceleration is non-zero and remains the same
Correct answer is d) the angular acceleration is non-zero and remains same.
A particle of mass m is moving in yz-plane with a uniform velocity v with its trajectory running parallel to +ve y-axis and intersecting z-axis at z = a. The change in its angular momentum about the origin as it bounces elastically from a wall at y = constant is
a)
b)
c)
d)
Solution: Correct answer is b) $2 m v a \hat{e}_{x}$
Which of the following points is the likely position of the centre of mass of the system shown in the figure
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
Solution: Correct answer is c) C
For which of the following does the centre of mass lie outside the body?
a) a pencil
b) a shotput
c) a dice
d) a bangle
Correct answer is d) a bangle
On a square cardboard sheet of area
, four congruent circular plates of maximum size are placed such that each circular plate touches the other two plates and each side of the square sheet is tangent to two circular plates. Find the area of the square sheet not covered by the circular plates.
Given Area of the square = \[784\] \[c{{m}^{2}}\] Hence Side of the square = \[\sqrt{Area}\] = \[\sqrt{784}\] = \[28\] cm Given that the four circular plates are congruent, Therefore diameter of...
Four circular cardboard pieces of radii
cm are placed on a paper in such a way that each piece touches other two pieces. Find the area of the portion enclosed between these pieces.
solution From the given information, it is given that the four circles are placed such that each piece touches the other two pieces. Now by joining the centers of the circles by a line segment, we...
Find the area of the sector of a circle of radius
cm, if the corresponding arc length is
cm.
solution Given Radius of the circle = r = \[5\] cm Given Arc length of the sector = l = \[3.5\] cm Let us consider the central angle (in radians) be \[\theta \]. As we know that Arc length = Radius...
Three circles each of radius
cm are drawn in such a way that each of them touches the other two. Find the area enclosed between these circles.
Solution: Given that the three circles are drawn such that each of them touches the other two. Now, by joining the centers of the three circles, We get, Β AB = BC = CA = \[2\] (radius) = \[7\] cm...
In Fig. 11.17, ABCD is a trapezium with AB || DC, AB =
cm, DC =
cm and distance between AB and DC =
cm. If arcs of equal radii
cm with centres A, B, C and D have been drawn, then find the area of the shaded region of the figure.
Solution Given AB = \[18\] cm, DC = \[32\] cm Given, Distance between AB and DC = Height = \[14\] cm We know that Β Area of the trapezium = (\[1/2\]) Γ (Sum of parallel sides) Γ Height =...
A circular pond is
m is of diameter. It is surrounded by a
m wide path. Find the cost of constructing the path at the rate of Rs
per
Solution: Given Diameter of the circular pond = \[17.5\] m Let us consider r be the radius of the park = \[(17.5/2)\] m = \[8.75\] m Given The circular pond is surrounded by a path of width \[2\] m....
Which of the following are sets? Justify our answer. (i) A team of eleven best-cricket batsmen of the world. (ii) The collection of all boys in your class.
Solution: (i) A group of eleven of the world's best cricket batsmen is not a well-defined collection. Because the criteria used to determine a batsman's talent differ from person to person. As a...
Find the area of the segment of a circle of radius
m whose corresponding sector has a central angle of
(Use
).
Solution: From the given information, Radius of the circle = r = \[12\] cm β΄Β OA = OB = \[12\] cm \[\angle AOB={{60}^{\circ }}\] (given) As triangle OAB is an isosceles triangle,Β β΄Β \[\angle...
Find the area of the segment of a circle of radius
m whose corresponding sector has a central angle of
(Use
).
Solution: From the given information, Radius of the circle = r = \[12\] cm β΄Β OA = OB = \[12\] cm \[\angle AOB={{60}^{\circ }}\] (given) As triangle OAB is an isosceles triangle,Β β΄Β \[\angle...
Sides of a triangular field are
m,
m and
m. With the three corners of the field a cow, a buffalo and a horse are tied separately with ropes of length
m each to graze in the field. Find the area of the field which cannot be grazed by the three animals.
Solution From the given question, We got Sides of the triangle are \[15\] m, \[16\] m and \[17\] m. Then, perimeter of the triangle = \[(15+16+17)\] m = \[48\]m Therefore, Semi-perimeter of the...
The diameters of front and rear wheels of a tractor are
cm and
m respectively. Find the number of revolutions that rear wheel will make in covering a distance in which the front wheel makes
revolutions.
solution From the given question, We got, Diameter of front wheels = \[{{d}_{1}}\]= \[80\] cm we got, Diameter of rear wheels = \[{{d}_{2}}\]= \[2\]m = \[200\] cm Let us consider \[{{r}_{1}}\] be...
The area of a circular playground is
. Find the cost of fencing this ground at the rate of Rs
per metre.
From the given question, We got Area of the circular playground = \[22176\] \[{{m}^{2}}\] Let us consider r as the radius of the circle. Therefore, \[\pi {{r}^{2}}=22176\]...
In Fig. 11.7, AB is a diameter of the circle,
cm and
cm. Find the area of the shaded region (Use
).
Solution From the given question, \[AC=6\]cm and \[BC=8\] cm We know that a triangle in a semi-circle with hypotenuse as diameter is right angled triangle. By using Pythagoras theorem in triangle...
Find the area of the flower bed (with semi-circular ends) shown in Fig. 11.6.
Solution: From the given figure, We got that the Length and breadth of the rectangular portion (AFDC) of the flower bed are \[38\] cm and \[10\] cm respectively. We know that, Area of the flower bed...
Einsteinβs mass-energy relation emerging out of his famous theory of relativity relates mass (m) to energy (E) as , where c is the speed of light in vacuum. At the nuclear level, the magnitudes of energy are very small. The energy at nuclear level is usually measured in MeV where , the masses are measured in unified equivalent of 1u is 931.5 MeV.
a) Show that the energy equivalent of 1 u is 931.5 MeV.
b) A student writes the relation as 1 u = 931.5 MeV. The teacher points out that the relation is dimensionally incorrect. Write the correct relation.
a) The energy that is comparable to a given mass can be computed using Einstein's mass-energy relation. $1amu=1u=1.67\times 10^{-27}kg$ On Applying $E=mc^{2}$ we get, E = 931.5 MeV b) As $E=mc^{2}$...
Mars has approximately half of the earthβs diameter. When it is closer to the earth it is at about Β½ AU from the earth. Calculate at what size it will disappear when seen through the same telescope.
$D_{mars}/D_{earth}=1/2$ Also, $D_{earth}/D_{sun}=1/100$ So, $D_{mars}/D_{sun}=1/2\times 1/100$ At 1AU, the sunβs diameter is = (1/2) degree Therefore, diameter of mars will be = (1/400) degree At...
a) How many astronomical units (AU) make 1 parsec?
b) Consider the sun like a star at a distance of 2 parsec. When it is seen through a telescope with 100 magnification, what should be the angular size of the star? Sun appears to be (1/2) degree from the earth. Due to atmospheric fluctuations, eye cannot resolve objects smaller than 1 arc minute.
a) 1 parsec is the distance at which 1 AU long arc subtends an angle of 1s, according to the definition. Using the definition, we can write, 1 parsec = (3600)(180)/Ο AU = 206265 AU = 2 Γ 105 AU b)...
In an experiment to estimate the size of a molecule of oleic acid, 1mL of oleic acid is dissolved in 19mL of alcohol. Then 1mL of this solution is diluted to 20mL by adding alcohol. Now, 1 drop of this diluted solution is placed on water in a shallow trough. The solution spreads over the surface of water forming one molecule thick layer. Now, lycopodium powder is sprinkled evenly over the film we can calculate the thickness of the film which will give us the size of oleic acid molecule.
Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions:
a) What would be the volume of oleic acid in each mL of solution prepared?
b) How will you calculate the volume of n drops of this solution of oleic.
a) 1 mL of oleic acid is found in every 20 mL of oleic acid. This signifies that 1/20 mL of oleic acid is present in each mL of solution. Adding alcohol dilutes 1 mL of this solution to 20 mL. As a...
In an experiment to estimate the size of a molecule of oleic acid, 1mL of oleic acid is dissolved in 19mL of alcohol. Then 1mL of this solution is diluted to 20mL by adding alcohol. Now, 1 drop of this diluted solution is placed on water in a shallow trough. The solution spreads over the surface of water forming one molecule thick layer. Now, lycopodium powder is sprinkled evenly over the film we can calculate the thickness of the film which will give us the size of oleic acid molecule.
Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions:
a) Why do we dissolve oleic acid in alcohol?
b) What is the role of lycopodium powder?
a) Because oleic acid does not dissolve in water, it is dissolved in alcohol. b) When oleic acid is introduced, lycopodium powder clears the circular area. This makes it possible to measure the area...
An artificial satellite is revolving around a planet of mass M and radius R, in a circular orbit of radius r. From Keplerβs third law about the period of a satellite around a common central body, square of the period of revolution T is proportional to the cube of the radius of the orbit r. Show using dimensional analysis, that T = k/R βr3/g where k is a dimensionless constant and g is acceleration due to gravity.
Kepler's third law states that, $T^{2} \propto a^{3}$ i.e., square of time period $\left(T^{2}\right)$ of a satellite revolving around a planet, is proportional to the cube of the radius of the...
A cow is tied with a rope of length
m at the corner of a rectangular field of dimensions
. Find the area of the field in which the cow can graze.
Let us consider ABCD be a rectangular field. Given, Length of the field = \[20\] m Given, Breadth of the field = \[16\] m From the given question, A cow is tied with a rope at a point A. Let us...
If the velocity of light c, Planckβs constant h and gravitational constant G are taken as fundamental quantities then express mass, length and time in terms of dimensions of these quantities.
We will us Principle of homogeneity for solving this problem. $\begin{array}{l} {[\mathrm{h}]=\left[\mathrm{ML}^{2}...
In the expression , E, m, l and G denote energy, mass, angular momentum and gravitational constant, respectively. Show that P is a dimensionless quantity.
We have, $P=El^{2}m^{-5}G^{-2}$ E is the energy having dimension $ML^{2}T{-2}$ m is the mass having dimension [M] L is the angular momentum having dimension $[ML^{2}T^{1}]$ G is the gravitational...
The wheel of a motor cycle is of radius
cm. How many revolutions per minute must the wheel make so as to keep a speed of
km/h?
From the question Radius of wheel = r = \[35\] cm We know that one revolution of the wheel is equal to Circumference of the wheel i.e., \[2\pi r\] = \[2\times (22/7)\times 35\] = \[220\] cm But,...
A physical quantity X is related to four measurable quantities a, b, c and d as follows: . The percentage error in the measurement of a, b, c and d are 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%, respectively. What is the percentage error in quantity X? If the value of X calculated on the basis of the above relation is 2.763, to what value should you round off the result.
The given physical quantity is $X=a^{2}b^{3}c^{5/2}d^{-2}$ Percentage error in X is given as (βx/x)(100) Percentage error in a is given as (βa/a)(100) = 1% Percentage error in b is given as...
A new system of units is proposed in which unit of mass is Ξ± kg, unit of length Ξ² m and unit of time Ξ³ s. How much will 5 J measure in this new system?
Let Q be the physical quantity as $n_{1}u_{1}=n_{2}u_{2}$ Let $M_{1}$, $L_{1}$, $T_{1}$ be the units of mass, length, and time for the first system. and $M_{2}$,$L_{2}$,$T_{2}$ be the units of mass,...
Find the area of a sector of a circle of radius
cm and central angle
.
We know that Area of a sector of a circle = \[(1/2){{r}^{2}}\theta \], Here Β r is the radius and \[\theta \] is the angle in radians subtended by the arc at the center of the circle From the given...
In Fig. 11.5, a square of diagonal
cm is inscribed in a circle. Find the area of the shaded region.
Let us take a be the side of square. From the question we got, diagonal of square and diameter of circle is \[8\] cm In right angled triangle ABC, By Using Pythagoras theorem we got,...
During a total solar eclipse-the moon almost entirely covers the sphere of the sun. Write the relation between the distances and sizes of the sun and moon.
$R_{me}=$ distance of the moon from the earth $R_{se}=$ distance of the sun from the moon $A_{sun}=$ area of the sun $A_{moon}=$ area of the moon...
The distance of a galaxy is of the order of m. Calculate the order of magnitude of time taken by light to reach us from the galaxy.
The distance of the galaxy is given as 1025m Speed of light is known as $3\times 10^{8}m/s$ Time taken is t = distance/speed $=3.33\times 10^{16}s$
From parallax measurement, the sun is found to be at a distance of about 400 times the earth-moon distance. Estimate the ratio of sun-earth diameters.
The ratio of sun-earth diameter is $D_{sun}/D_{earth}=100$
Find the radius of a circle whose circumference is equal to the sum of the circumferences of two circles of radii
cm and
cm.
Given Radius of first circle = \[{{r}_{1}}\]Β = \[15\] cm Given Radius of second circle = \[{{r}_{2}}\]Β = \[18\] cm Therefore,Β Circumference of first circle of radius \[{{r}_{1}}\]=Β \[2\pi...
Name the device used for measuring the mass of atoms and molecules.
Mass spectrograph is a tool for determining the mass of atoms and molecules.
Why do we have different units for the same physical quantity?
Because physical quantities differ from location to place, we have several units for the same physical quantity.
Which of the following ratios express pressure?
a) Force/area
b) Energy/volume
c) Energy/area
d) Force/volume
Correct answers are a) force/area and b) energy/volume
If Planckβs constant (h) and speed of light in vacuum (c) are taken as two fundamental quantities, which of the following can, also, be taken to express length, mass, and time in terms of the three chosen fundamental quantities?
a) mass of the electron
b) universal gravitational constant
c) charge of the electron
d) mass of proton
Correct answers are a) mass of electron b) universal gravitational constant and d) mass of proton
Photon is quantum of radiation with energy E = hv where v is frequency and h is Planckβs constant. The dimensions of h are the same as that of:
a) linear impulse
b) angular impulse
c) linear momentum
d) angular momentum
Correct options are b) angular impulse and d) angular momentum
If P, Q, R are physical quantities, having different dimensions, which of the following combinations can never be a meaningful quantity?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Correct answer is d) $PR-Q^{2}/R$ and e) $(R + Q)/P$
On the basis of dimensions, decide which of the following relations for the displacement of a particle undergoing simple harmonic motion is not correct:
a) y = a sin 2Οt/T
b) y = a sin vt
c) y = a/T sin (t/a)
d) y = aβ2 [sin (2 Οt/T) β cos (2Οt/T)]
Correct answers are b) y = a sin vt and c) y = a/T sin (t/a)
Youngβs modulus of steel is . When expressed in CGS units of , it will be equal to:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Correct answer is c) $1.9\times 10^{12}$ Both Dyne and Newton are force units. While Dyne is measured in the C-G-S (Centimeter β Gram β Second) system, Newton is measured in the contemporary SI...
Which of the following measurements is most precise?
a) 5.00 mm
b) 5.00 cm
c) 5.00 m
d) 5.00 km
Correct answer is a) 5.00 mm
Measure of two quantities along with the precision of the respective measuring instrument is:
A = 2.5 m/s Β± 0.5 m/s
B = 0.10 s Β± 0.01 s
The value of AB will be
a) (0.25 Β± 0.08) m
b) (0.25 Β± 0.5) m
c) (0.25 Β± 0.05) m
d) (0.25 Β± 0.135) m
Correct answer is a) (0.25 Β± 0.08) m Here, $\mathrm{A}=2.5 \mathrm{~ms}^{-1} \pm 0.5 \mathrm{~ms}^{-1}, \mathrm{~B}=0.10 \mathrm{~s} \pm 0.01 \mathrm{~s}$ $\mathrm{AB}=\left(2.5...
Which of the following pairs of physical quantities does not have the same dimensional formula?
a) work and torque
b) angular momentum and Planckβs constant
c) tension and surface tension
d) impulse and linear momentum.
Correct answer is c) Tension and surface tension. Tension has the dimension: $[MLT^-2]$ Surface Tension has the dimension: $[ML^0T^-2]$
The length and breadth of a rectangular sheet are 16.2 cm and 10.1 cm respectively. The area of the sheet inappropriate significant figures and error is:
a) 164 Β± 3
b) 163.62 Β± 2.6
c) 163.6 Β± 2.6
d) 163.62 Β± 3
Correct answer is a) 164 Β± 3 $cm^{2}$ Error in product of quantities: Suppose $x=a \times b$ Let, $\Delta a$ be the absolute error in measurement of a, $\Delta b$ be the absolute error in...
The numbers 2.745 and 2.735 on rounding off to 3 significant figures will give:
a) 2.75 and 2.74
b) 2.74 and 2.73
c) 2.75 and 2.73
d) 2.74 and 2.74
Correct answer is d) 2.74 and 2.74 By convention, we apply the following criteria for rounding off measurements: 1. If the droppedΒ digit is less than 5, the preceding digit remains unaffected. 2. If...
The mass and volume of a body are 4.237 g and respectively. The density of the material of the body in correct significant figures is:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Correct answer is c) $1.7g/cm^{3}$
The sum of the numbers 436.32, 227.2, and 0.301 inappropriate significant figures is:
a) 663.821
b) 664
c) 663.8
d) 663.82
Correct answer is c) 663.8
The number of significant figures in 0.06900 is:
a) 5
b) 4
c) 2
d) 3
The correct answer is b) 4 The number of zeroes to the left of a non-zero integer is not considered relevant, whereas the number of zeroes to the right of a non-zero number is.
In covering a distance s metres, a circular wheel of radius r metres makes
revolutions. Is this statement true? Why?
The given statement is True Explanation: The distance travelled by a circular wheel of radius r m in one revolution is equal to the circumference of the circle = \[2\pi r\] So we got, Number of...
Is it true that the distance travelled by a circular wheel of diameter d cm in one revolution is
cm? Why?
The given statement is False Explanation: We know that, Circumference of the circle = \[2\pi d\](d is the diameter of the circle). Thus, the statement is false
Is it true to say that area of a segment of a circle is less than the area of its corresponding sector? Why?
The given statement is False Explanation: In major segment, area is not always greater than the are of its corresponding sector In minor segment, area is always greater than the area of its...
In Fig 11.3, a square is inscribed in a circle of diameter d and another square is circumscribing the circle. Is the area of the outer square four times the area of the inner square? Give reasons for your answer.
Solution: The given statement is False Explanation: From the fig, Let the Diameter of the circle = d Therefore, Diagonal of inner square (EFGH) = Side of the outer square (ABCD) = Diameter of circle...
7.2. Which of the following points is the likely position of the centre of mass of the system shown in the figure. a) A b) B c) C d) D
Answer: The correct answer is option c) C Explanation: Centre of mass represents the mean position of the matter of a system. In the given figure half of the sphere is hollow whereas the second half...
Pressure versus volume graph for a real gas and an ideal gas is shown in Fig. 5.4. Answer the following questions based on this graph. (i) Interpret the behaviour of real gas with respect to an ideal gas at low pressure. (ii) Interpret the behaviour of real gas with respect to an ideal gas at high pressure. (iii)Mark the pressure and volume by drawing a line at the point where real gas behaves as an ideal gas.
(i) At low pressure as the dark blue curve and the sky blue curve are approaching each other, it shows that the real gas is behaving as an ideal gas at a low pressure. (ii) At high pressure as the...
The variation of pressure with the volume of the gas at different temperatures can be graphically represented as shown in Fig. 5.3. Based on this graph answer the following questions. (i) How will the volume of a gas change if its pressure is increased at constant temperature? (ii) At constant pressure, how will the volume of a gas change if the temperature is increased from 200K to 400K?
(i) As the temperature is constant, and the pressure is increasing and the change in the volume is seen as exponentially decreasing. (ii) At constant pressure, by increasing the temperature there is...
Explain the effect of increasing the temperature of a liquid, on intermolecular forces operating between its particles, what will happen to the viscosity of a liquid if its temperature is increased?
As the temperature increases, the intermolecular force operating between the particles decreases, the bond strength increases and also the kinetic energy increases. Hence, as the temperature...
The viscosity of a liquid arises due to strong intermolecular forces existing between the molecules. Stronger the intermolecular forces, greater is the viscosity. Name the intermolecular forces existing in the following liquids and arrange them in the increasing order of their viscosities. Also, give a reason for the assigned order in one line. Water, hexane (CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3), glycerine (CH2 OH CH(OH) CH2 OH)
Water has hydrogen bonding that exists as intermolecular force of attraction, hexane has Vander Waal force of attraction existing as intermolecular force of attraction, glycerin also has hydrogen...
Will it be true to say that the perimeter of a square circumscribing a circle of radius
cm is
cm? Give reasons for your answer.
The given statement is true Explanation: Let \[r\] be the radius of circle and is equal \[a\] cm Therefore,Β Diameter of the circle = d = \[2\times Radius\] = \[2a\] cm From the question we got that...
Name two phenomena that can be explained on the basis of surface tension.
Bubbles have a round surface due to surface tension. A needle can float in water because of the presence of surface tension on the surface of the water.
The relation between the pressure exerted by an ideal gas (Pideal) and observed pressure (Pearl) is given by the equation: Pideal = Preal+ an2/V2 If the pressure is taken in Nm-2, the number of moles in mol and volume in m3, Calculate the unit of βaβ. What will be the unit of βaβ when pressure is in atmosphere and volume in dm3?
We know that: Pideal = Preal + an2/V2 Pideal β Preal= an2/V2 Nm-2 = a*mol2/m6 A = Nm4mol-2 The unit of βaβ when the pressure is taken in Nm-2, number of moles in βmolβ and volume in m3 is Nm4mol-2...
For real gases the relation between p, V and T are given by van der Waals equation: [(P + an2) / V2](V β nb) = nRT Whereβaβ and βbβ are van der Waals constants, βnbβ is approximately equal to the total volume of the molecules of a gas. βaβ is the measure of the magnitude of intermolecular attraction. (i) Arrange the following gases in the increasing order of βbβ. Give reason. O2, CO2, H2, He (ii) Arrange the following gases in the decreasing order of magnitude of βaβ. Give reason. CH4, O2, H2
(i) The increasing order of βbβ is as follows: He < H2< O2< CO2. As the Vander Waals constant βbβ is approximately equal to the total volume of the molecules of a gas. (ii)The decreasing...
Is the area of the circle inscribed in a square of side a cm,
? Give reasons for your answer.
The given statement is false Explanation: Let Β us assume a be the side of square. From the question we got Β that the circle is inscribed in the square. Therefore, Diameter of circle = Side of square...
If the perimeter of a circle is equal to that of a square, then the ratio of their areas is (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The correct option is (B) \[14:11\] Explanation: Let us take r as the radius of the circle and a as the side of the square. From the given question, Perimeter of a circle of radius r = Perimeter of...
Area of the largest triangle that can be inscribed in a semi-circle of radius r units is (A)
sq. units (B)
sq. units (C)
sq. units (D)
sq. units
The correct option is (A) \[{{r}^{2}}\] sq. units Explanation: The largest triangle which can be inscribed in a semi-circle of radius r units is Base of triangle should beΒ equal to the diameter of...
If the circumference of a circle and the perimeter of a square are equal, then (A) Area of the circle = Area of the square (B) Area of the circle > Area of the square (C) Area of the circle < Area of the square (D) Nothing definite can be said about the relation between the areas of the circle & square.
The correction option is (B) Area of the circle > Area of the square Explanation: From Β the given question, Circumference of a circle of radius r Β = Perimeter of a square of side a Let us take Β r...
Let the magnetic field on the earth be modelled by that of a point magnetic dipole at the centre of the earth. The angle of dip at a point on the geographical equator a) is always zero b) can be zero at specific points c) can be positive or negative d) is bounded
b) can be zero at specific points c) can be positive or negative d) is bounded
If the sum of the circumferences of two circles with radii
and
is equal to the circumference of a circle of radius
, then (A)
(B)
(C)
(D) Nothing definite can be said about the relation among
,
&
.
The Correct option(A) \[{{R}_{1}}+{{R}_{2}}=R\] Explanation: From the given question, We got sum of the circumferences of two circles with radiiΒ \[R1\] andΒ \[R2\] is equal to the circumference of a...
If the sum of the areas of two circles with radii
and
is equal to the area of a circle of radius
, then (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The Correct option is (B) \[R_{1}^{2}+R_{2}^{2}={{R}^{2}}\] Explanation: From the given question, We got sum of the areas of two circles with radiiΒ \[R1\] andΒ \[R2\] is equal to the area of a circle...
The critical temperature (Tc) and critical pressure (Pc) of CO2 are 30.98Β°C and 73atm respectively. Can CO2(g) be liquefied at 32Β°C and 80atm pressure?
CO2 gas cannot be liquefied at a temperature which is greater than its critical temperature i.e 30.98Β°C even by applying any pressure. So as the given temperature is 32Β°C by applying a pressure of...
Compressibility factor, Z, of a gas is given as Z = PV/ nRT (i) What is the value of Z for an ideal gas? (ii) For real gas what will be the effect on the value of Z above Boyleβs temperature?
(i) Compressibility factor, Z is defined as the ratio of the product of pressure and volume to the product of the number of moles, gas constant and temperature. For an ideal gas, the value of Z is...
One of the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases is that there is no force of attraction between the molecules of a gas. State and explain the evidence that shows that the assumption is not applicable for real gases.
Under a condition of low pressure and high temperature the assumption made by kinetic theory is true. At high temperature, the molecules will be very far from each other and at low pressure, the...
Name two intermolecular forces that exist between HF molecules in a liquid state.
Hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interaction (HF-HF interaction) exists between HF molecule in a liquid state.
Name the energy which arises due to the motion of atoms or molecules in a body. How is this energy affected when the temperature is increased?
Thermal energy arises due to the motion of particles (atoms or molecules) in the body. If we increase the temperature then the kinetic energy of atom and molecule increases significantly and they...
The pressure exerted by saturated water vapour is called aqueous tension. What correction term will you apply to the total pressure to obtain a pressure of dry gas?
The total pressure of the gas is Pmoist gas = Pdry gas By applying the correction term, we have: Pdry gas = Pmoist gas β Aqueous tension Therefore, the correction term applied to the total pressure...
The magnitude of the surface tension of liquid depends on the attractive forces between the molecules. Arrange the following in increasing order of surface tension: Water, alcohol (C2H5OH) and hexane [CH3(CH2)4CH3)].
Hydrogen bonding is stronger in water than in alcohol. So, water has a strong intermolecular attraction than alcohol. The increasing order of surface tension is β Hexane< alcohol< water.
One of the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases states that βthere is no force of attraction between the molecules of a gas.β How far is this statement correct? Is it possible to liquefy an ideal gas? Explain.
The above statement is true. At a higher temperature the movement of gaseous molecules become faster such that there is no intermolecular attraction. Under this condition, gas behaves like an ideal...
Value of universal gas constant (R) is the same for all gases. What is its physical significance?
The dimension of the universal gas constant R is energy per degree per mole. In the metre-kilogram-second system, the value of R is 8.3144598 joules per Kelvin per mole. Hence R only depends on the...
Two different gases βAβ and βBβ are filled in separate containers of equal capacity under the same conditions of temperature and pressure. On increasing the pressure slightly the gas βAβ liquefies but gas B does not liquefy even on applying high pressure until it is cooled. Explain this phenomenon.
The critical temperature is the term used for this phenomenon. Here gas A liquefies means that A is below its critical temperature and gas B does not liquefy on applying high pressure as it is above...
A gas that follows Boyleβs law, Charles law and Avogadroβs law are called an ideal gas. Under what conditions a real gas would behave ideally?
All gases are not ideal gas. This means that they do not follow the above mentioned laws at all conditions of temperature, pressure or volume. Real gas doesnβt obey the gas law at normal temperature...
What will be the molar volume of nitrogen and argon at 273.15K and 1 atm?
As it is known, 1 mole of any gas at STP (273K, 1 atm) occupies a 22.4L of volume. So, the molar volume (volume of 1 mole of the gas) of such gases occupy a 22.4L of volume.
7.1. The centre of mass of which of the following is located outside the body? a) a pencil b) a shotput c) a dice d) a bangle
Answer: The correct option is d) a bangle. Explanation: The mass of a bangle is distributed along the circumference of the ring shape of the bangle as it is a hollow shape. The center of mass is...
Use the information and data given below to answer the questions (a) to (c): β’ Stronger intermolecular forces result in a higher boiling point. β’ Strength of London forces increases with the number of electrons in the molecule. β’ Boiling point of HF, HCl, HBr and HI is 293 K, 189 K, 206 K and 238 K respectively. (a) Which type of intermolecular forces are present in the molecules HF, HCl, HBr and HI? (b) Looking at the trend of boiling points of HCl, HBr and HI, explain out of dipole-dipole interaction and London interaction, which one is predominant here. (c) Why is the boiling point of hydrogen fluoride highest while that of hydrogen chloride lowest?
(a) Since the halides are a polar molecule (due to high electronegativity), due to the presence of permanent dipoles, the dipole-dipole interactions along with the London forces are found in HF, HCl...
The behaviour of matter in different states is governed by various physical laws. According to you what are the factors that determine the state of matter?
The factors that determine the states of matter can be determined by two laws: 1) Charle's Law: According to this law, when pressure is kept constant, the volume of an ideal gas (V) is directly...
If 1 gram of each of the following gases are taken at STP, which of the gases will occupy (a) greatest volume and (b) smallest volume? CO, H2O, CH4, NO
(a) CH4 has the least molar mass (16gm), so it would occupy the highest volume for 1gm of the gas as higher the molar mass, the lesser is the volume occupied. (b) Similarly, NO has the highest...
Physical properties of ice, water and steam are very different. What is the chemical composition of water in all three states?
H2O exists in three different states of matter. It exists in the solid form as ice, in the liquid form as water and as steam in the gaseous state. All of these states consist of water, due to which...
Which of the following changes decrease the vapour pressure of water kept in a sealed vessel? (i) Decreasing the quantity of water (ii) Adding salt to the water (iii) Decreasing the volume of the vessel to one-half (iv) Decreasing the temperature of the water
The correct option is (ii) and (iv).
Under which of the following two conditions applied together, a gas deviates most from the ideal behaviour? (i) Low pressure (ii) High pressure (iii) Low temperature (iv) High temperature
The correct options are (ii) and (iii).
Which of the following figures does not represent 1 mole of dioxygen gas at STP? (i) 16 grams of gas (ii) 22.7 litres of gas (iii) 6.022 Γ 1023 dioxygen molecules (iv) 11.2 litres of gas
The correct options are (i) and (iv).
With regard to the gaseous state of matter which of the following statements are correct? (i) Complete order of molecules (ii) Complete disorder of molecules (iii) Random motion of molecules (iv) Fixed position of molecules
Option (ii) and (iii) are the correct statements.
How does the surface tension of a liquid vary with an increase in temperature? (i) Remains the same (ii) Decreases (iii) Increases (iv) No regular pattern is followed
The correct option is (ii) Decreases.
Increase in kinetic energy can overcome intermolecular forces of attraction. How will the viscosity of liquid be affected by the increase in temperature? (i) Increase (ii) No effect (iii) Decrease (iv) No regular pattern will be followed
The correct option is (iii) Decrease.
Draw a right triangle ABC in which BC = 12 cm, AB = 5 cm and β B = 90Β°. Construct a triangle similar to it and of scale factor 2/3. Is the new triangle also a right triangle?
Steps of construction: Define a boundary portion \[AB\text{ }=\text{ }5\text{ }cm.\] Develop a right point \[SAB\]at point \[A.\] Draw a circular segment of span \[12\text{ }cm\]with \[B\]as its...
Draw a line segment of length 7 cm. Find a point P on it which divides it in the ratio 3:5.
Steps of construction: Define a boundary fragment, \[AB\text{ }=\text{ }7\text{ }cm.\] Draw a beam, \[AX\], making an intense point down ward with \[AB.\] Imprint the focuses\[{{A}_{1}},\text{...
To construct a triangle similar to a given β³ABC with its sides 7/3 of the corresponding sides of β³ABC, draw a ray BX making acute angle with BC and X lies on the opposite side of A with respect to BC. The points B1, B2, β¦., B7 are located at equal distances on BX, B3 is joined to C and then a line segment B6Cβ is drawn parallel to B3C where Cβ lies on BC produced. Finally, line segment AβCβ is drawn parallel to AC.
False Support: Allow us to attempt to build the figure as given in the inquiry. Steps of development, Define a boundary section \[BC.\] With \[B\text{ }and\text{ }C\]as focuses, draw two circular...
By geometrical construction, it is possible to divide a line segment in the ratio β3:(1/β3)
True Support: As per the inquiry, Ratio\[=\text{ }\surd 3\text{ }:\text{ }\left( \text{ }1/\surd 3 \right)\] On working on we get, \[\surd 3/\left( 1/\surd 3 \right)\text{ }=\text{ }\left( \surd...
Draw two concentric circles of radii
Taking a point on outer circle construct the pair of tangents to the other. Measure the length of a tangent and verify it by actual calculation.
Steps of construction: Draw a circle with focus \[\mathbf{O}\]and radius \[\mathbf{3}\text{ }\mathbf{cm}.\] Draw one more circle with focus \[\mathbf{O}\]and radius \[\mathbf{5}\text{...
Draw a parallelogram
in which
and angle
divide it into triangles
and
by the diagonal
Construct the triangle
similar to triangle
with scale factor
. Draw the line segment
parallel to
where
lies on extended side
. Is
a parallelogram?
Steps of construction: Β Define a boundary \[\mathbf{AB}=\mathbf{3}\text{ }\mathbf{cm}.\] Draw a beam \[\mathbf{BY}\]making an intense \[\angle \mathbf{ABY}=\mathbf{60}{}^\circ .\] With focus...
Two line segments
include an angle of
where
Locate points
respectively such that
Join
and measure the length
Steps of construction: 1.Define a boundary portion \[AB\text{ }=\text{ }5\text{ }cm.\] Draw \[\angle BAZ\text{ }=\text{ }60{}^\circ .\] With focus \[A\]and sweep\[7\text{ }cm\], draw a...
To divide a line segment
in the ratio
, draw a ray
such that
is an acute angle, then draw a ray
parallel to
and the points
and
are located at equal distances on ray
and
, respectively. Then the points joined are
\[\left( \mathbf{A} \right)\text{ }{{\mathbf{A}}_{\mathbf{5}}}~\mathbf{and}\text{ }{{\mathbf{B}}_{\mathbf{6}}}\] As per the inquiry, A line portion \[AB\]in the proportion \[5:7\] Along these...
To divide a line segment
in the ratio
, a ray
is drawn first such that
is an acute angle and then points
are located at equal distances on the ray
and the point
is joined to
SOLUTION:- \[\left( \mathbf{B} \right)\text{ }{{\mathbf{A}}_{\mathbf{11}}}\] As per the inquiry, A line section\[~AB\] in the proportion \[4:7\] Thus, \[A:B\text{ }=\text{ }4:7\] Presently, Draw a...
To divide a line segment
in the ratio
, first a ray
is drawn so that
is an acute angle and then at equal distances points are marked on the ray
such that the minimum number of these points is (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
SOLUTION:- \[\left( D \right)\text{ }12\] As indicated by the inquiry, A line fragment \[AB\]in the proportion \[5:7\] In this way, \[A:B\text{ }=\text{ }5:7\] Presently, Draw a beam \[AX\]making an...
Which curve in Fig. 5.2 represents the curve of an ideal gas? (i) B only (ii) C and D only (iii) E and F only (iv) A and B only
The correct option is (i) B only.
Atmospheric pressures recorded in different cities are as follows: Cities Shimla Bangalore Delhi Mumbai p in N/m2 1.01Γ105 1.2Γ105 1.02Γ105 1.21Γ105. Consider the above data and mark the place at which liquid will boil first. (i) Shimla (ii) Bangalore (iii) Delhi (iv) Mumbai
The correct option is (i) Shimla
What is the SI unit of viscosity coefficient (Ξ·)? (i) Pascal (ii) Nsmβ2 (iii) kmβ2 s (iv) N mβ2
The correct option is (ii) Nsmβ2
Gases possess characteristic critical temperature which depends upon the magnitude of intermolecular forces between the particles. Following are the critical temperatures of some gases. Gases H2 He O2 N2 Critical temperature in Kelvin 33.2 5.3 154.3 126 From the above data what would be the order of liquefaction of these gases? Start writing the order from the gas liquefying first (i) H2, He, O2, N2 (ii) He, O2, H2, N2 (iii) N2, O2, He, H2 (iv) O2, N2, H2, He
The correct option is (iv) O2, N2, H2, He.
As the temperature increases, the average kinetic energy of molecules increases. What would be the effect of the increase of temperature on pressure provided the volume is constant? (i) increases (ii) decreases (iii) remains the same (iv) becomes half
The correct option is (i) increases.
Dipole-dipole forces act between the molecules possessing permanent dipole. Ends of dipoles possess βpartial chargesβ. The partial charge is (i) more than unit electronic charge (ii) equal to unit electronic charge (iii) less than unit electronic charge (iv) double the unit electronic charge
The correct option is (iii) less than unit electronic charge.
Which of the following property of water can be used to explain the spherical the shape of rain droplets? (i) viscosity (ii) surface tension (iii) critical phenomena (iv) pressure
The correct option is (ii) surface tension.
Find the sum of the integers between 100 and 200 that are
(i) divisible by 9
(ii) not divisible by 9
[Hint (ii): These numbers will be: Total numbers β Total numbers divisible by 9]
Solution: (i) The numberΒ divisible by 9Β between 100 and 200 = 108, 117, 126,...198 Let n be the number of terms that are divisible by 9 and areΒ between 100 and 200. ${{a}_{n}}~=\text{ }a\text{...
An AP consists of 37 terms. The sum of the three middle most terms is 225 and the sum of the last three is 429. Find the AP.
Solution: We all know that, First term of an AP = a The common difference = d APβs nthΒ term of an, ${{a}_{n}}~=a+\left( n1 \right)d$ Since, $n\text{ }=\text{ }37$ (odd), Middle term will be $\left(...
The eighth term of an AP is half its second term and the eleventh term exceeds one third of its fourth term by 1. Find the 15th term.
Solution: We all know that, APβs first term = a APβs common difference = d APβs nthΒ term, ${{a}_{n}}~=\text{ }a\text{ }+\text{ }\left( n\text{ }\text{ }1 \right)d$ According to the question,...
Find the
(i) Sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which are multiples of 2 or 5.
[Hint (i): These numbers will be: multiples of 2 + multiples of 5 β multiples of 2 as well as of 5]
Solution: We all know that, Multiple of 2 + Multiple of 5 - LCM Multiple (2, 5) = Multiples of 2 or 5 Multiple of 2 + Multiple of 5 β Multiple of LCM (10) = Multiples of 2 or 5 List of multiple of 2...
Find the
(i) Sum of those integers between 1 and 500 which are multiples of 2 as well as of 5.
(ii) Sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which are multiples of 2 as well as of 5 .
Solution: (i) It isΒ known to us that, LCM of (2, 5) = 10 for multiples of 2 and 5. Between 1 and 500, multiples of 2 and 5 = 10, 20, 30,..., 490. As a result, We can say that 10, 20, 30,..., 490 is...
The sum of the first five terms of an AP and the sum of the first seven terms of the same AP is 167. If the sum of the first ten terms of this AP is 235, find the sum of its first twenty terms.
Solution: In an A.P, we know that, First term = a The common difference = d An APβs number of terms of = n According to the question, We have, ${{S}_{5}}~+\text{ }{{S}_{7}}~=\text{ }167$ Using the...
Determine the AP whose fifth term is 19 and the difference of the eighth term from the thirteenth term is 20.
Solution: It is known to us that, APβs first term = a The common difference = d. According to the question given, 5thΒ term, ${{a}_{5}}~=\text{ }19$ Using the nthΒ term formula, ${{a}_{n}}~=\text{...
Find a, b and c such that the following numbers are in AP: a, 7, b, 23, c.
Solution: The below given condition needs to be satisfied for a, 7, b, 23, c⦠to be in AP, ${{a}_{5}}-{{a}_{4}}~=\text{ }{{a}_{4}}-{{a}_{3}}~=\text{ }{{a}_{3}}-{{a}_{2}}~=\text{...
Write the first three terms of the APs when a and d are as given below:
(i) a = 2, d = 1/β2
Solution: (i)Β It is known to us that, APβs first three terms are : a, a + d, a + 2d β2, β2+1/β2, β2+2/β2 β2, 3/β2, 4/β2
Write the first three terms of the APs when a and d are as given below:
(i) a =1/2, d = -1/6
(ii) a = β5, d = β3
Solution: (i)Β It is known to us that, APβs first three terms are : a, a + d, a + 2d ${\scriptscriptstyle 1\!/\!{ }_2},\text{ }{\scriptscriptstyle 1\!/\!{ }_2}\text{ }+\text{ }\left( -1/6...
Verify that each of the following is an AP, and then write its next three terms.
(i) a, 2a + 1, 3a + 2, 4a + 3,β¦
Solution: Given Here a1Β = a ${{a}_{2}}~=\text{ }2a\text{ }+\text{ }1$ ${{a}_{3}}~=\text{ }3a\text{ }+\text{ }2$ ${{a}_{4}}~=~4a\text{ }+\text{ }3$ ${{a}_{2}}-{{a}_{1}}~=\text{ }\left( 2a\text{...
Verify that each of the following is an AP, and then write its next three terms.
(i) β3 , 2β3, 3β3,β¦
(ii) a + b, (a + 1) + b, (a + 1) + (b + 1), β¦
Solution: (i) Given here, ${{a}_{1~}}=\surd 3$ ${{a}_{2}}~=2\surd 3$ ${{a}_{3}}~=3\surd 3$ ${{a}_{4}}~=4\surd 3$ ${{a}_{2}}-{{a}_{1}}=2\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}=\sqrt{3}$ ${{a}_{3}}-{{a}_{2}}~=3\surd...
Verify that each of the following is an AP, and then write its next three terms.
(i) 0, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4,β¦
(ii) 5, 14/3, 13/3, 4β¦
Solution: (i) Given here, ${{a}_{1~}}=0$ ${{a}_{2}}~=\text{ }{\scriptscriptstyle 1\!/\!{ }_4}$ ${{a}_{3}}~=\text{ }{\scriptscriptstyle 1\!/\!{ }_2}$ ${{a}_{4}}~=\text{ }{\scriptscriptstyle 3\!/\!{...
Match the APs given in column A with suitable common differences given in column B.
Column A Column B (A1) 2, β 2, β 6, β10,β¦ (B1) 2/3 (A2)Β aΒ = β18,Β nΒ = 10,Β anΒ = 0 (B2) β 5 (A3)Β aΒ = 0,Β a10Β = 6 (B3) 4 (A4)Β a2Β = 13,Β a4Β =3 (B4) β 4 (B5) 2 (B6) 1/2 (B7) 5 Solution: (A1) AP is 2, β 2, β...
Two APs have the same common difference. The first term of one AP is 2 and that of the other is 7 The difference between their 10th terms is the same as the difference between their 21st terms, which is the same as the difference between any two corresponding terms. Why?
Solution: Consider two APs with the first terms as βaβ and βAβ. The common differencesΒ are βdβ and βDβ, respectively. Assume that n is any term. ${{a}_{n}}~=a+\left( n-1 \right)d$ ${{A}_{n}}~=\text{...
For the AP: β3, β7, β11, β¦, can we find directly a30 β a20 without actually finding a30 and a20? Give reasons for your answer.
Solution: True Provided that The first term, $a=-3$ The common difference, $d=\text{ }{{a}_{2}}~-{{a}_{1}}~=-7\left( -\text{ }3 \right)=-4$ ${{a}_{30}}-{{a}_{20}}~=\text{ }a+29d-\left( a\text{...
Justify whether it is true to say that β1, -3/2, β2, 5/2,β¦ forms an AP as a2 β a1 = a3 β a2.
Solution: False ${{a}_{1}}~=\text{ }-1,\text{ }{{a}_{2}}~=\text{ }-3/2,\text{ }{{a}_{3}}~=\text{ }-2$and ${{a}_{4}}~=\text{ }5/2$ ${{a}_{2}}-{{a}_{1~}}=-3/2\left( -1 \right)\text{ }=-1/{{}_{2}}$...
Which of the following form an AP? Justify your answer.
(i) β3, β12, β27, β48, β¦
Solution: We have, ${{a}_{1~}}=\text{ }\surd 3$ $,{{a}_{2}}~=\text{ }\surd 12,\text{ }{{a}_{3}}~=\text{ }\surd 27$ and ${{a}_{4}}~=\text{ }\surd 48$ ${{a}_{2}}~-{{a}_{1~}}=\text{ }\surd 12-\surd...
Which of the following form an AP? Justify your answer.
(i) 1/2,1/3,1/4, β¦
(ii) 2, 22, 23, 24, β¦
Solution: (i) We have ${{a}_{1}}~=\text{ }{\scriptscriptstyle 1\!/\!{ }_2}~,\text{ }{{a}_{2}}~=\text{ }1/3~$and ${{a}_{3}}~=~{\scriptscriptstyle 1\!/\!{ }_4}$ ${{a}_{2}}~-{{a}_{1}}~=-1/6$ We can...
Which of the following form an AP? Justify your answer.
(i) 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3β¦
(ii) 11, 22, 33β¦
Solution: (i) We have ${{a}_{1}}~=\text{ }1\text{ },\text{ }{{a}_{2}}~=\text{ }1,\text{ }{{a}_{3}}~=\text{ }2$ and ${{a}_{4}}~=\text{ }2$ ${{a}_{2}}~-{{a}_{1}}~=\text{ }0$...
Which of the following form an AP? Justify your answer.
(i) β1, β1, β1, β1,β¦
(ii) 0, 2, 0, 2,β¦
Solution: (i) We have${{a}_{1}}~=-1\text{ },\text{ }{{a}_{2}}~=-1$, ${{a}_{3}}~=-1$and ${{a}_{4}}~=-1$ ${{a}_{2}}~-{{a}_{1}}~=\text{ }0$ ${{a}_{3}}~-{{a}_{2}}~=\text{ }0$...
Choose the correct answer from the given four options in the following questions: If the common difference of an AP is 5, then what is a18 β a13?
(A) 5 (B) 20 (C) 25 (D) 30
Solution: Option (C) 25 is the correct answer. Explanation: Provided, the common difference of AP i.e., d = 5 Now, As it is known, an APβs nth term is ${{a}_{n\text{ }}}=~a+\left( n-1 \right)d$...
Choose the correct answer from the given four options in the following questions: Which term of the AP: 21, 42, 63, 84β¦ is 210?
(A) 9th (B) 10th (C) 11th (D) 12th
Solution: Option (B) 10th is the correct answer. Explanation: Let the given APβs nth term be 210. According to question, first term, $a=21$ common difference, $d=42-21=21$and ${{a}_{n}}~=210$ We...
Choose the correct answer from the given four options in the following questions: If the 2nd term of an AP is 13 and the 5th term is 25, what is its 7th term?
(A) 30 (B) 33 (C) 37 (D) 38
Solution: Option (B) 33 is the correct option. Explanation: It is known that the APβs nth term is ${{a}_{n\text{ }}}=~a\text{ }+\text{ }\left( n-1 \right)d$ In which, first term = a nth term = an...
Choose the correct answer from the given four options in the following questions: The 21st term of the AP whose first two terms are β3 and 4 is
(A) 17 (B) 137 (C) 143 (D) β143
Solution: Option (B) 137 is the correct option. Explanation: First two terms of an AP are $a=-3$and${{a}_{2\text{ }}}=~4$. It is known, nth term of an AP is ${{a}_{n\text{ }}}=~a\text{ }+\text{...
Choose the correct answer from the given four options in the following questions: The first four terms of an AP, whose first term is β2 and the common difference is β2, are
(A) β 2, 0, 2, 4 (B) β 2, 4, β 8, 16 (C) β 2, β 4, β 6, β 8 (D) β 2, β 4, β 8, β16
Solution: Option (C) β 2, β 4, β 6, β 8 is the correct answer. Explanation: First term, a = β 2 Second Term, d = β 2 ${{a}_{1\text{ }}}=~a=\text{ -}2$ It is known that the APβs nth term is...
Choose the correct answer from the given four options in the following questions: The 11th term of the AP: β5, (β5/2), 0, 5/2, β¦is (A) β20 (B) 20 (C) β30 (D) 30
Solution: Option (B) 20 is the correct answer. Explanation: First term, a = β 5 Common difference, $d=5-\left( -5/2 \right)=5/2$ $n\text{ }=\text{ }11$ It is known that the APβs nth term is...
Choose the correct answer from the given four options in the following questions: The list of numbers β 10, β 6, β 2, 2,β¦ is (A) an AP with d = β 16 (B) an AP with d = 4 (C) an AP with d = β 4 (D) not an AP
Solution: Option (B) an AP with d = 4 is the correct answer. Explanation: According to the question, ${{a}_{1\text{ }}}=~\text{ }-10$ ${{a}_{2\text{ }}}=\text{ }-6$ ${{a}_{3\text{ }}}=~\text{ }-2$...
Choose the correct answer from the given four options in the following questions: In an AP, if a = 3.5, d = 0, n = 101, then an will be (A) 0 (B) 3.5 (C) 103.5 (D) 104.5
Solution: Option (B) 3.5 is the correct answer. Explanation: It is known that nth term of an AP is ${{a}_{n\text{ }=}}~a+\left( n1 \right)d$ In which, first term = a nth term = an common difference...
Find the value of x for which DE||AB in given figure.
Solution: According to the given question, DE || AB By the basic proportionality theorem, $CD/AD\text{ }=\text{ }CE/BE$ Therefore, when a line is drawn parallel to one of the triangle's sides and...
Is the triangle with sides 25 cm, 5 cm and 24 cm a right triangle? Give reason for your answer.
Solution: False According to the given question, Letβs assume that, $A\text{ }=\text{ }25\text{ }cm$ $B\text{ }=\text{ }5\text{ }cm$ $C\text{ }=\text{ }24\text{ }cm$ Using the Pythagoras Theorem, We...
The points A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and C (x3 y3) are the vertices of ABC.
(i) Find the coordinates of points Q and R on medians BE and CF, respectively such that BQ : QE = 2 : 1 and CR : RF = 2 : 1
(ii) What are the coordinates of the centroid of the triangle ABC?
Solution: (i) Let (p, q) be the coordinates of a point Q. Provided, The point Q (p, q), Divide the line joining $\mathrm{B}\left(\mathrm{x}{2}, \mathrm{y}{2}\right)$ and...
The points A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and C (x3 y3) are the vertices of ABC. (i) The median from A meets BC at D. Find the coordinates of the point D. (ii) Find the coordinates of the point P on AD such that AP : PD = 2 : 1
Solution: According to the given question, A, B and C are the vertices of ΞABC A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) are the coordinates of A, B and C. (i) According to the information provided, D is BC's...
A (6, 1), B (8, 2) and C (9, 4) are three vertices of a parallelogram ABCD. If E is the midpoint of DC, find the area of β³ ADE.
Solution: According to the given question, A (6, 1), B (8, 2) and C (9, 4) are the three vertices of a parallelogram ABCD Let (x, y) be the fourth vertex of parallelogram. It is known to us that,...
Choose the correct answer from the given four options in the following questions: In an AP, if d = β4, n = 7, an = 4, then a is (A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 20 (D) 28
Solution: Option (D) 28 is the correct answer. Explanation: It is known that nth term of an AP is ${{a}_{n\text{ }=}}~a+\left( n-1 \right)d$ In which, first term = a nth term = an common difference...
If (β 4, 3) and (4, 3) are two vertices of an equilateral triangle, find the coordinates of the third vertex, given that the origin lies in the interior of the triangle.
Solution: Let (x,y) be the vertices. The distance between (x,y) & (4,3) is $=\text{ }\surd ({{\left( x-4 \right)}^{2}}~+\text{ }{{\left( y-3 \right)}^{2}})$β¦β¦(1) The distance between (x,y) &...
In what ratio does the xβaxis divide the line segment joining the points (β 4, β 6) and (β1, 7)? Find the coordinates of the point of division.
Solution: Let 1: k be the ratio in which x-axis divides the line segment joining (β4, β6) and (β1, 7). Therefore, x-coordinate is (-1 β 4k) / (k + 1) y-coordinate is (7 β 6k) / (k + 1) y coordinate...
Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (β8, 4), (β6, 6) and (β3, 9).
Solution: The provided vertices are: $({{x}_{1}},\text{ }{{y}_{1}})\text{ }=\text{ }\left( -8,\text{ }4 \right)$ $({{x}_{2}},\text{ }{{y}_{2}})\text{ }=\text{ }\left( -6,\text{ }6 \right)$...
1.0 mol of a monoatomic ideal gas is extended from the state (1) to state (2) as displayed in Fig. 6.4. Ascertain the turn out accomplished for the development of gas from the state (1) to state (2) at 298 K.
solution: \[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}} W=\text{ }\text{ }2.303nRT\text{ }log\text{ }\left( p1/p2 \right)Β \\ ~Β \\ =\text{ }\text{ }2.303\text{ }\times \text{ }1\text{ }mol\text{ }\times \text{...
Enthalpy graph for a specific response is given in Fig. Is it conceivable to choose the immediacy of a response from the given chart? Clarify.
solution: From the given enthalpy outline it tends to be said the adjustment of enthalpy βH is positive for the response, for example it will be endothermic. In any case, when goes to the suddenness...
Address the likely energy/enthalpy change in the accompanying cycles graphically. (a) Throwing a stone starting from the earliest stage rooftop.
In which of the cycles likely energy/enthalpy change is contributing variable to the immediacy?
solution: Among these two cycles, simultaneously or response (b) the expected energy/enthalpy change is contributing component to the immediacy.
How might you ascertain work done on an optimal gas in a pressure, when an adjustment of tension is completed in boundless advances?
solution: At the point when an optimal gas in a pressure, where the adjustment of tension is completed in boundless advances for example through a reversible interaction, the work done can be...
ideal gas encased in a chamber, when it is compacted by steady outer strain, pext in a solitary advance as displayed in Fig? Clarify graphically.
solution: From this chart we can get the be the work done on the ideal gas encased in the chamber in 1 stage: the region covered by P-V diagram (concealed locale) is the real worth of the...
If the point A (2, β 4) is equidistant from P (3, 8) and Q (β10, y), find the values of y. Also find distance PQ.
Solution: $A(2,-4), P(3,8)$ and $Q(-10, y)$ are the given points. Now according to the question given, $$ \begin{aligned} P A &=Q A \\ \sqrt{(2-3)^{2}+(-4-8)^{2}} &=\sqrt{(2+10)^{2}+(-4-y)^{2}} \\...
An example of 1.0 mol of a monoatomic ideal gas is taken through a cyclic interaction of extension and pressure as displayed in Fig. What will be the worth of βH for the cycle in general?
solution: In the accompanying cyclic ( 1 β 2 β3 β1 ) measure the underlying and last point is something very similar (for example 1). Subsequently the enthalpy change or\[H=\text{ }0\]...
Find the value of m if the points (5, 1), (β2, β3) and (8, 2m) are collinear.
Solution: The points given here i.e., A(5, 1), B(β2, β3) and C(8, 2m) are collinear. Therefore the area of βABC = 0 ${\scriptscriptstyle 1\!/\!{ }_2}\text{ }[{{x}_{1}}~({{y}_{2}}~\text{...
Find the coordinates of the point Q on the xβaxis which lies on the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining the points A (β5, β2) and B(4, β2). Name the type of triangle formed by the points Q, A and B.
Solution: As the point P lies on the perpendicular bisector of AB, point Q is the midpoint of AB . By the formula for midpoint: $({{x}_{1}}~+\text{ }{{x}_{2}})/2\text{ }=\text{ }\left( -5+4...
The strain volume work for an ideal gas can be determined by utilizing the articulation w= ΚPexdv. The work can likewise be determined from the pVβa plot by utilizing the region under the bend inside as far as possible. At the point when an ideal gas is compacted (a) reversibly or (b) irreversibly from volume Vi to Vf. pick the right alternative.
Arrangement: Alternative (ii) is the appropriate response. w (reversible) < w (irreversible) Region under the bend is more noteworthy in irreversible pressure than that of reversible...
Find a point which is equidistant from the points A (β5, 4) and B (β1, 6)? How many such points are there?
Solution: Let P be the point. Now according to the given question, P is at equal distance from A (β5, 4) and B (β1, 6) Then the point P $=\text{ }(({{x}_{1}}+{{x}_{2}})/2,\text{...