Solution: Growth occurs when the amount of protoplasm in the body increases. Several parameters are used to measure protoplasmic growth, including height, weight, number of cells, fresh tissue...
Solution: The trachea is an insect's respiratory organ. Air enters the trachea through spiracles, which are small apertures. Spiracles can be seen on either side of the insect's abdomen. Each...
Solution: Growth – It is a permanent, irreversible rise in the size of an organ, its parts, or even a single cell. Growth is aided by metabolic activities that occur as a result of the energy...
solution: A new distinguish animal groups can be effectively characterized by ordered guides. The researcher needs to do similar investigations of the morphological and physical elements with the...
Solution: Inspiration is the process of allowing fresh air to enter the lungs. Inspiration occurs when the intrapulmonary pressure (pressure in the lungs) is lower than the atmospheric pressure. The...
Solution: The alveoli present in the lungs are small air sacs that allow the fast exchange of gases. The alveolar membrane has a total thickness of less than a millimeter, and the outside surface of...
solution: The capacity of an item which can self-recreate and self manage is known as Living. The 4 characterizing attributes are- I) Growth ii) Reproduction iii) Metabolism iv) Consciousness...
Carbon dioxide is transported by plasma and red blood cells. This is due to their high water solubility.(1) Through plasma: 7% of $C{{O}_{2}}$ is transported in a dissolved state by the plasma....
solution: A few components are there which assumes a significant part in this. Season, elimination and human exercises. A considerable lot of the living life forms are available at a specific time...
solution: This marvel of all living organic entity is because of hidden connections. The properties of cell organelles are absent in the atomic constituents.
solution: As far as multiplication, these two species changes. They share similar family however they stay various species.
Solution: During respiration, a single glucose molecule is decomposed to produce carbon dioxide and water, as well as ATP molecules. If all of the energy is released at once, the majority of it will...
Solution: The conversion of ADP to ATP by an electron transport mechanism is known as oxidative phosphorylation. When hydrogen protons travel through the inner mitochondrial membrane,...
Solution: The ratio of volume of CO2 evolved to the volume of Oxygen consumed in respiration is called respiratory quotient (RQ) or respiratory ratio. RQ is less than 1 when the respiratory...
solution: They have given a logical name for each plant and creatures. It turned into the normal name all through the world. Model: Mango is experimentally named as Mangifera indica. Mango is called...
Solution: When organic components such as lipids, carbs, proteins, and other organic compounds are broken down in the respiratory system, they release energy. The nature of this phenomenon is...
solution: Greenery is a vegetation happens in a specific locale or time. Fauna is the complete number of creatures found in a specific locale or time Vegetation is a term utilized for plant...
Solution: Assumptions made during the calculation of net gain of ATP are as follows During the oxidation of NADH produced within the mitochondria, three ATP molecules are produced.The shuttle system...
(a) Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration (b) Glycolysis and Fermentation (c) Glycolysis and Citric acid Cycle Solution: a) Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration Aerobic...
solution: For setting up a herbarium sheet, the paper is cut in the ideal length →say, 29 x 41 cm.) The dried example is taken and mounted on the sheers with the assistance of paste. You might...
Solution: The electron transport system (ETS) is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and assists in the liberation and utilisation of energy held in the NADH+H+ and FADH2 molecules.NADH+...
Solution: The schematic representation of an overall view of Krebs’ cycle is as follows:
solution: These variations are known as the 'ecotypes'. Plants show changes in morphological components because of the altitudinal angle.
Solution: Main steps in aerobic respiration are as follows Glycolysis: Glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid in the cytoplasm (cytosol).Pyruvic acid oxidative decarboxylation to acetyl coenzyme-A...
Solution: Schematic representation of glycolysis is as follows:
Solution: Respiratory substrates are organic substrates that are oxidised during breathing to release energy within living cells. The most frequent respiratory substrates are carbohydrates,...
(a) Respiration and Combustion (b) Glycolysis and Krebs’ cycle (c) Aerobic respiration and Fermentation Solution: a)Respiration and Combustion RespirationCombustionIt is a biochemical processIt is a...
solution: The chain of importance continued in plants: Species → Genus → Family → Order → Class →Division → Kingdom Postfixes utilized by botanists are as per the following: Taxon Suffix a) Division...
solution: Biodiversity is only the complete of creature present in a specific region while variety is named for a huge region which might be utilized for living or non-living things.
solution: The development in the event of ice ball is totally apathetic from development. This occurs because of the outward development by the testimony of a similar material.
solution: The world's biggest greenhouse is arranged in London which is known as Kew Royal Gardens.
solution: Digestion is characterized as the all out of all biochemical responses occurring inside any living being to support and keep up with life.
(a) C3 and C4 pathways (b) Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation (c) Anatomy of leaf in C3 and C4 plants Solution: a) C3 and C4 pathways...
solution: One-celled critter is a solitary cell creature; its development through mitosis is equivalent to generation since it partitions to bring about the new person. Mitosis is liable for...
(a) At which point/s (A, B or C) in the curve is light a limiting factor? (b) What could be the limiting factor/s in region A? (c) What do C and D represent on the curve? Solution: a) Light is a...
Solution: Shaded leaves receive less sunlight for photosynthesis than plants that are kept in direct sunshine. More chlorophyll is found in leaves that receive less sunlight, allowing for more...
solution: A portrayal of a solitary chime or a gathering of things is known as a monograph. It will have the data in regards to anybody taxon.
Solution: In the absence of light, chlorophyll fails to absorb energy and hence loses stability, resulting in the yellow coloration of the leaf. This demonstrates that carotenoids, which are...
Solution: Because chlorophyll-a is a reaction centre responsible for the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy, photosynthesis will not occur without it. Although chlorophyll is the major...
Solution: RUBISCO has a substantially stronger affinity for oxygen than Oxygen. The enzyme's binding is determined by the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide. This enzyme is not found in the...
solution: The ordered key gives a specific design based on which the client can figure out the ordered situation of the obscure species. Couplet implies a couple which is of differentiating...
Solution: The pace at which photosynthesis occurs can be used to assess plant productivity. The rate of photosynthesis is directly related to the amount of carbon dioxide in a plant. Despite the...
Solution: C4 plants have kranz anatomy, which distinguishes them from C3 plants. Bundle sheath cells are specialised cells that wrap the vascular bundles in C4 plants. Chloroplasts are found in...
Arrangement: ICZN represents International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. It directs a uniform arrangement of zoological terminology.
Solution: Plants acclimated to a dry tropical climate have the C4 pathway, but they have no outward morphologic features. As a result, judging a plant's C3 or C4 status just by its appearance is...
Solution: George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker are known botanists who gave the regular arrangement of order of blooming plants.
Cutaneous respiration is an exchange of gases that is occurring from the skin while pulmonary respiration is the exchange of gases with the help of the lungs. We can see cutaneous respiration in...
Solution: Almost all the enzymes are proteins. Important properties of enzymes are as follows: They have a higher molecular weight and are complex macromoleculesThey aid in the breakdown of larger...
Solution: Out of 170 billion tonnes of total organic matter, the Biosphere produces roughly 100 billion tonnes of cellulose. Paper production uses roughly 0.5 billion tonnes of wood. Food,...
Solution: Qualitative test for proteins Biuret test: The presence of proteins is detected by the biuret test, which changes the colour of the solution from light blue to purple. Qualitative test for...
Solution: Gums are heteropolysaccharides made up of monosaccharide units linked together by glycosidic linkages. Fevicol, on the other hand, differs from gums in that it is made up of synthetic...
Solution: The structure of Alanine is as follows:
(ionizable) functional groups in the amino acid. Solution: The amino acid's pH is measured, and the weak base is gradually added to the amino acids while the pH is monitored. In the acidic range,...
Solution: Yes, the ball and stick model can be used to represent biomolecules. Sticks depict the bonds that hold the molecule together, while balls represent the atoms. A model of D-glucose is shown...
Solution: Casein, a milk protein, is denatured during fermentation, transforming globular proteins into fibrous proteins. Curd or yoghurt is produced as a result of this transformation.
Solution: Triglycerides are formed when glycerol forms ester linkages with three fatty acids on each of the OH groups. In pure fat, the three fatty acids in triglyceride are similar, however in...
a. Turmeric_______________________ b. Snowdrop_______________________ c. Sweet potato __________________________ d. Water lily__________________________ e. Dryopteris __________________________ f. ...
Solution: Following are the list of proteins used as therapeutic agents. Insulin, Oxytocin, Immunoglobin, Antidiuretic Hormone( ADH), Thrombin, Fibrinogen, Renin and streptokinases. Some other...
Solution: The main structure of a protein refers to its positional information. The N-terminal amino acid is the first amino acid in a protein, while the C-terminal amino acid is the last amino acid...
Solution: CompoundManufacturerBuyerStarchPremier starch products private limitedResearch institutes and laundriesLiquid GlucoseImperial liquid glucoseUsed in making flavored drink and in...
Solution: It's a hollow, wollen ball-like structure that emerges when secondary coiled polypeptides are folded together. It's folded so that the active side groups are on the outside and the...
Solution: Glycosidic bond – A glycosidic linkage is the connection between separate monosaccharides. This bond is formed between two carbon atoms of two monosaccharide units that are nearby. Peptide...
Solution: Macromolecules are biomolecules that are created by polymerizing a large number of smaller micromolecules with a larger molecular weight. Due to their insoluble nature, micromolecules are...
Solution: Primary constriction present in a chromosome is called the centromere. Centromere holds two chromatids of a chromosome. Based on the position of the centromere, the chromosomes can be...
(i) Nucleus (ii) Centrosome Solution: i) The nucleus is a double-membraned structure with an oval or spherical shape that contains the genetic material. The nuclear envelope, nuclear matrix,...
Solution: The endomembrane is an intercellular structure that allows materials to pass from one area to another via vesicles. Vacuoles, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and the...
Solution: The nuclear membrane is bordered by minute pores termed nuclear pores, which are generated by the fusing of two membranes. It's just a few perforations in the nuclear envelope. Functions:...
Solution: Organ systems are made up of organs in every plant and animal cell, and organ systems are built up of organs. Tissues make up organs, and tissues are made up of a cluster of cells. Cells...
Solution: Organs and organ systems are made up of tissues made up of cells. A cell is a self-contained structure that can perform functions on its own. As a result, for enhanced efficiency and...
Solution: • The nuclear membrane is missing, and there is no envelope around the genetic material. • They lack membrane-bound organelles and membrane-bound nucleus • Cell lumen is filled with a...
Solution: Two organelles that are double membrane-bound are i) Mitochondria ii) Chloroplasts Characteristics of mitochondria The mitochondrion is a double membrane-bound structure, with the outer...
Solution: A mesosome is a membranous structure generated by plasma membrane expansions within the cell. It is known as septal mesosome if it is found linked to the nucleoid, and lateral mesosome if...
(a) Cells of all living organisms have a nucleus. (b) Both animal and plant cells have a well defined cell wall. (c) In prokaryotes, there are no membrane bound organelles. (d) Cells are formed de...
Column IColumn II(a) Cristae(i) Flat membranous sacs in stroma(b) Cisternae(ii) Infoldings in mitochondria(c) Thylakoids(iii) Disc-shaped sacs in Golgi apparatus Solution: Column IColumn II(a)...
(a) bacterial fermentation (b) regeneration of old cells (c) pre-existing cells (d) abiotic materials Solution: The answer is (c) pre-existing cells
(a) Robert Brown discovered the cell. (b) Schleiden and Schwann formulated the cell theory. (c) Virchow explained that cells are formed from pre-existing cells. (d) A unicellular organism carries...
Solution: Ureters in frog – In the male frog, it serves as a urinogenital duct that transports urine and sperm.Malpighian tubules – Cockroaches have malpighian tubules, which are...
Solution: The diagram is as below:
Solution: The earthworm's circulatory system is closed, with blood arteries, capillaries, and a heart.Because earthworms have a closed circulatory system, blood is limited to the heart and blood...
Column IColumn II(a) Compound epithelium(i) Alimentary canal(b) Compound eye(ii) Cockroach(c) Septal nephridia(iii) Skin(d) Open circulatory system(iv) Mosaic vision(e) Typhlosole(v) Earthworm(f)...
(a) Areolar tissue; blood; neuron; tendon (b) RBC; WBC; platelets; cartilage (c) Exocrine; endocrine; salivary gland; ligament (d) Maxilla; mandible; labrum; antennae (e) Protonema; mesothorax;...
(a) Simple epithelium and compound epithelium (b) Cardiac muscle and striated muscle (c) Dense regular and dense irregular connective tissues (d) Adipose and blood tissue (e) Simple gland and...
Solution: Epithelial tissues form a protective layer on the surface of the body. There is extremely little intercellular matrix in these cells, therefore they are closely packed. Various types of...
(a) Chondriocytes (b) Axons (c) Ciliated epithelium Solution: a) The cartilage cells are called chondrocytes. In adults, cartilage can be found in the tip of the nose, outer ear joints, between...
Solution: The cellular components of blood are – Red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and platelets.
(a) Prostomium and peristomium (b) Septal nephridium and pharyngeal nephridium Solution: a) Prostomium and peristomium The differences are as follows: ProstomiumPeristomiumThe little, fleshy lobe...
Solution: The diagram of alimentary canal of a cockroach is as follows:
Solution: The diagram of reproductive organs of an earthworm is as follows:
(i) What is the function of nephridia? (ii) How many types of nephridia are found in earthworm based on their location? Solution: i) Nephridia perform the function of excretion and osmoregulation in...
(i) Give the common name of Periplanata americana. (ii) How many spermathecae are found in earthworm? (iii) What is the position of ovaries in cockroach? (iv) How many segments are present in the...
Let's take a look at each assertion separately.(a) Water is impermeable to the ascending limb of Henle's loop but permeable to the descending limb.An ascending limb, a descending limb, and a hairpin...
Solution: The following are the one word answers- Amphioxus is a chordate animal with flame cells as excretory organs. Some animals have excretory structures called flame cells or...
Solution: The juxtaglomerular apparatus is a sensitive zone created by cellular changes in the distal convoluted tubule and the afferent arteriole at the point where they meet. The significance of...
Solution: Ammonia is a highly poisonous nitrogenous waste. A substantial volume of water is required to minimize the toxicity of ammonia in the body. The bodies of terrestrial animals lack...
Solution: The floral formula lacks the coralla representation i.e. the integral part of the floral formula of the Fabaceae family.
Solution: Osmoregulation is the process of checking the amount of water and salts in the body's cells to regulate the osmotic concentration.
Solution: In an epigynous flower, the ovary is situated below the sepals, petals, and androecium
Solution: In ginger, the edible part is a rhizome which is a modified shoot that stores food materials. The edible part of the onion is fleshy scale leaves.
Solution: The following is the role of the liver, lungs, and skin in the excretion process: Liver- The liver is the primary site for the elimination of inactive steroid hormones, cholesterol,...
Solution: The following statements are explained as- (a) Micturition is a reflex reaction of passing urine. The stretch receptors in the bladder wall are stimulated by distension, and reflex action...
Solution: The auto regulating mechanism in the kidneys regulates the glomerular filtration rate. It is mediated by the juxtaglomerular apparatus, a microscopic structure located between the...
Solution: The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the quantity of filtrate produced every minute by both kidneys (nephrons). A healthy person's GFR is around 125 milliliters per minute. Water and...
Solution:Dicot and Monocot are characterized by reticulate and parallel venation respectively.
Solution: Every cardiac cycle produces two sounds: lub and dub, which are produced by a heartbeat. The sound is produced in a specific order, in time with each heartbeat. The initial sound is a...
Solution: Cardiac cycle: Blood circulates in the heart due to the alternate contraction and relaxation of the chambers of the heart.Diastole refers to the relaxation or expansion phase, whereas...
Solution:In water plants like Pistia and Eichhornia, leaves and roots are found near the Nodal region between two internodes.
Solution: The atrioventricular bundle (AV) sends the cardiac impulse from the AV node to the ventricle walls, whereas the atrioventricular node (AVN) sends the impulse from the SA node. The action...
Solution: The sinoatrial or sinus node (SAN) is a specialized bundle of neurons that generates action potentials and generates a cardiac impulse without any external stimulation, making it auto...
Solution:In swampy areas like the Sunderbans in West Bengal, plants bear special roots called pneumatophores that show negative geotropic movement.
Solution:In Australian Acacia, the petiole takes the shape of the leaf and turns green to perform the function of photosynthesis.Asparagus spears continue to grow, flat, green, leaflike...
Solution: The terms ‘myo' and ‘genic' refer to muscle and genesis, respectively. The sino-atrial or sinus node (SA node) is capable of generating an impulse that extends across the heart wall,...
Solution: Through rigorous investigation, an evolutionary alteration in the heart pattern among vertebrates have been discovered. Vertebrates have a chambered heart that is muscular. They've...
Explanation:
Solution: The differences are as follows: (a) Blood and Lymph LymphBloodIt's a type of white tissue fluid.It's a liquid connective tissue that's red in color.The lymph vessels carry lymph.Blood...
Solution: The term "double circulation" refers to the fact that blood flows twice in the heart. The atrioventricular septum divides the heart into four chambers, the right and left halves, allowing...
Solution: Blood is a circulatory fluid that transports oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic wastes throughout the animal body. The lymphatic system, which consists of lymph nodes and lymph veins, is...
Solution: Blood is a connective tissue that is generated from the mesoderm and contains plasma, an extracellular matrix. It is a plentiful and extensively dispersed tissue throughout the body....
Solution:In some plants such as Rhizophora growing in swampy areas, many roots come out of the ground and grow vertically upwards. Such roots, called pneumatophores, help to get oxygen for root...
Column IColumn II(a) Eosinophils(i) Coagulation(b) RBC(ii) Universal Recipient(c) AB Group(iii) Resist Infections(d) Platelets(iv) Contraction of Heart(e) Systole(v) Gas transport Solution: The...
Solution: Plasma is responsible for blood's fluid-like consistency. It's the straw-colored liquid that aids in the transportation of food, waste, carbon dioxide, and other salts. Plasma makes up...
Solution: The following are the components of blood's produced elements: • Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are oxygen-carrying cells that also contain the pigment hemoglobin. Hemoglobin...
Solution: Some animals that are found parasitic in humans are as follows: i. Ancylostoma (Hookworm) ii. Taenia (Tapeworm) iii. Enterobius (Pinworm) iv. Wuchereria (Filarial worm)...
Column I A. Aleurone layer B. Parthenocarpic fruit C. Ovule D. EndospermColumn II i. without fertilization ii. Nutrition iii. Double fertilization iv. Seed a. A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iv b. A-ii, B-i,...
Solution: The volume of air exhaled or inhaled during typical respiration is referred to as tidal volume (TV). For a healthy person, the tidal volume is roughly 500ml. A healthy person may exhale or...
Solution: The differences between all the following sets are as follows: (a) IRV and ERV IRV (Inspiratory reserve volume)ERV (Expiratory reserve volume)It's the amount of air that a person can...
a. Trifoliumb. Indigoferac. Lupind. CassiaSolution:Option (b) is the answer.Explanation: Indigofera belongs to the Fabaceae family and its common name is true indigo.
Solution: Hypoxia is a situation in which the supply of oxygen to the lungs is insufficient or reduced. Several external factors, such as a decrease in pO2, insufficient oxygen, and so on, induce...
Solution: The altitude rises as we go higher. The concentration of atmospheric oxygen is lower at this height, implying that the partial pressure of oxygen decreases. The lack of oxygen in this...
a. These plants are not angiosperms.b. Double fertilization is absent in them.c. Endosperm is not formed in them.d. Endosperm gets used up by the developing embryo during...
on oxygen transport?Solution: In the oxygen transport mechanism, $pC{{O}_{2}}$ plays a critical function. Oxyhaemoglobin is formed when low $pC{{O}_{2}}$ levels in the alveoli cause oxygen to bind to hemoglobin and...
Solution: The respiratory rhythm center in the medulla area of the brain is in charge of controlling the breathing process. The pneumatic center can change the function of the respiratory rhythm...
Solution: When comparing the pO2 and pCO2 in atmospheric air to those in alveolar air, (ii) pO2 will be higher and pCO2 will be lower. Each gas in a combination exerts a pressure known as partial...
a. Testab. Hilumc. Micropyled. ChalazaSolution:Option (b) is the answer.Explanation: Hilum is a structure attached to the ovule outer region and interiorly to the placenta.
Solution: The functional residual capacity can be used to express it (FRC). The volume of air that remains in the lungs following a normal expiration is referred to as the FRC. The expiratory...
Solution: The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration is known as vital capacity. It is equal to the sum of inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), tidal volume (TV), and...
a. Solanaceae b. Poaceae c. Liliaceae d. Fabaceae Solution: Option (d) is the answer. Explanation: Fabaceae is a family that consists of members including pulses mainly.
a. Coconutb. Maizec. Orchidsd. CastorSolution:Option (c) is the answer.Explanation because endosperm is used up during the time of seed development.
Column IColumn II(a) Operculum(i) Ctenophora(b) Parapodia(ii) Mollusca(c) Scales(iii) Porifera(d) Comb plates(iv) Reptilia(e) Radula(v) Annelida(f ) Hairs(vi) Cyclostomata and Chondrichthyes(g)...
(a) Platyhelminthes (b) Aschelminthes (c) Annelida (d) Arthropoda Solution: Form the four given options the correct answer is (c) Annelida
Solution: No, the number of eggs or young produced by an oviparous and viviparous mother are not equal; the number of eggs produced by oviparous mothers is higher in comparison because fertilisation...
Solution: The following are some of the differences identified in birds that aid in flight: (i) Feathers are present. (ii) To aid flight, forelimbs are transformed into wings. (iii) Scales on the...
Solution: Air bladder in Pisces regulates Buoyancy which prevents fishes from sinking.
SolutionThe phylum chordate is distinguished by the presence of Notocard and paired pharyngeal gill slits. Adults, on the other hand, replace the vertebrata notocard in the embryo in the subfilm...
(a) Porifera (b) Ctenophora (c) Echinodermata (d) Chordata Solution: From the four given options the correct answer is (c) Echinodermata This is a trait of theirs. A perforated panel known as...
Solution: The causes of arthropods, which constitute up the largest group of animal kingdoms, are listed below. (i) They have jointed legs, which enable them to move about and perform a variety of...
a. Floral organs b. Flower in inflorescence c. Veins and veinlets in a lamina d. All of the above Solution: Option (c) is the answer
a. Taproots b. Fibrous roots c. Adventitious roots d. Nodular roots Solution: Option (c) is the answer.
Solution: The parasitic Platyhelminthes have the following characteristics: (i) Parasitic forms that live on their own. (ii) The observed bodily organisation is tissue organ grade. (iii)...
Solution: Direct developmentIndirect developmentIt can be found in fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals.Occurs in in vertebrate amphibiansThe embryo develops into a fully developed human without going...
Solution: Intracellular digestionExtracellular digestionIt can be found in lower organismsOccurs in multicellular organismsOccurs within cellsOutside the cell, within the cavity of the ailmentry...
Solution: Coelomates are animals that have a coelom, which is a bodily cavity or fluid-filled area lined by the mesoderm. The mesoderm does not cover the body cavity in some animals; instead, the...
Solution: The following are the steps to classify the specimen: (i) Determine the level of organisation: Determine how cells are organised at the cellular and tissue levels. (ii) Symmetry: Determine...
Solution Animals are classed based on shared characteristics such as cell organisation, body symmetry, coelom type, digestive tract, circulation, and reproductive system. It is impossible to handle...
a. – Ae b. – Onae c. – Aceae d. – Ales Solution: Option (c) Aceae is the answer
Solution: Option (a) it decrease is the answer . As we go higher from species to realm, the quantity of normal attributes continues diminishing. Lower the taxa, more are the attributes that...
Solution: Gymnosperms have the following main characteristics: (i) The ovules of Gymnosperms are not contained by the ovary. They are exposed to the environment both before and after fertilisation....
Column IColumn II(a) Chlamydomonas(i) Moss(b) Cycas(ii) Pteridophyte(c) Selaginella(iii) Algae(d) Sphagnum(iv) Gymnosperm Solution: Column IColumn II(a) Chlamydomonas(iii) Algae(b) Cycas(iv)...
Solution: MonocotsDicotsHave single cotyledon seedSeeds having two cotyledonsFlowers are trimerousFlowers are tetramerous or pentamerousVenation in leaves is parallel.Have reticulate venations in...
(i) red algae and brown algae (ii) liverworts and moss (iii) homosporous and heterosporous pteridophyte (iv) syngamy and triple fusion Solution: Following are the differences: i) 1. Chlorophyll a...
a. Proximal b. Distal c. Intercalary d. Anywhere Solution: Option (b) is the answer.
A. Root hair zone B. Zone of meristems C. Root cap zone D. Zone of maturation E. Zone of elongation Options: a. C, B, E, A, D b. A, B, C, D, E c. D, E, A, C, B d. E, D, C, B, A Solution: Option (a)...
(i) protonema (ii) antheridium (iii) archegonium (iv) diplontic (v) sporophyll (vi) isogamy Solution: i) Protonema is the haploid stage of the bryophyte lifecycle, during which a thread-like chain...
Solution: Heterosporis refers to the production of two different types of spores in the same plant. Heterospory's significance: (i) In gymnosperms and angiosperms, Heterosporis stimulates seed...
Solution: The following are the explanations for the distinction between angiosperms and gymnosperms. (i) The ovules in gymnosperms are naked, but in angiosperms they are encased within the ovary....
Solution: Importance of Gymnosperms (i) Gymnosperms are utilised as decorative plants. Some are bonsai trees that can be found in formal gardens. (ii) The fibres from these plants are used to make...
protonemal cell of a moss; primary endosperm nucleus in dicot, leaf cell of a moss; prothallus cell of a fern; gemma cell in Marchantia; meristem cell of monocot, ovum of a liverwort, and zygote of...
Solution: Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, and Gymnosperms are the plants that bear archegonia. The life cycle of Bryophytes (i) Bryophytes produce gametes and are haploid. Bryophytes have multicellular...
Solution: The reduction division takes place in the following stages: (i) Liverworts – In the sporangium, meiosis occurs in the spore mother cells, culminating in the generation of haploid spores....
Solution: The presence of pigments that give algae its conventional colour is the primary criterion for categorization. Name of the pigmentColor impartedChlorophyll typeChlorophyceaeGreenChlorophyll...
Essential amino acids are those that are required by the human body but cannot be synthesized by the body. They must be obtained from an outside source, such as food. Consider the amino acids...
Solution: The differences are as follows: Anaphase of mitosis Anaphase I of meiosis The chromatids divide and the centromere separates. Sister chromatids remain connected at their centromeres...
Solution: a) Synapsis — During Zygotene of prophase-I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes link together. Synapsis is the term for this couple. b) A bivalent or tetrad is a pair of synapsed homologous...
Solution: In plants, food is constantly prepared in the form of glucose in the mesophyll cells of the leaves. The prepared meal is transformed to sucrose, which is then transported to the phloem's...
Solution: If a plant is kept in a solution having higher water potential, the following are the things that can happen- a) When water leaves a plant's cell and the cell membrane, the cell shrinks...
Solution: The following steps are involved in the formation of nodules: • Rhizobia colonize roots and attach themselves to epidermal and root hair cells. • Bacteria infect the root hair, causing it...
Solution: For Rhizobium to fix nitrogen, the following conditions must be met. The production of root nodules requires a symbiotic connection between Rhizobium and roots.The requirement for a...
Solution: Yes, DNA replication can occur throughout the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Each chromosome is made up of one chromatid, and the number of chromosomes remains constant. The chromosome is...
Solution: Yes, DNA replication can occur without the need for cell division. DNA replication is required to prepare cells for cell division. Cell division is the next logical stage after cell...
Solution: DNA synthesis or replication occurs during the S phase. For cell division to take place, DNA replication is required. Cell division is impossible without DNA replication.
Solution: (i)Honey bee drones are haploid insects that undergo cell division, and lower plants include Spirogyra, Chlamydomonas, and Pteridophytes. They create haploid gametes by mitosis rather than...
Solution: Significances of Meiosis: • It maintains the number of chromosomes in each species over generations. • Increases the genetic variation of an organism's population from generation to...
Solution: The differences are as follows: MitosisMeiosisOccurs in somatic cellsOccurs in germ cellsThe number of chromosomes in the daughter cell is the same as in the parent cell.In comparison to...
Solution: Four daughter cells are generated during meiosis during the generation of male gametes (sperms) in human beings. During meiosis, the female gamete (ovum) divides into four daughter cells,...
Solution: Plant cytokinesisAnimals cytokinesisCell plate development causes this to happen.It occurs as a result of cleavage known as cell furrowing.The cell plate moves to the centre and expands...
Solution: (i)In Metaphase, chromosomes are transported to the spindle equator. ii) In Anaphase, centrosomes split and chromatids separate. iii) In meiosis, the pairing of homologous chromosomes...
Solution: Since the number of chromosomes in the parent and progeny cells is the same, mitosis is known as equational division.
Solution: In mature animals, certain cells will not divide, and many others will divide only when it is necessary to replace cells that have been lost due to injury or cell death. These cells depart...
Solution: The following are the events that occur during interphase: • G1 phase (Gap 1) - The cell is metabolically active at this time. It develops and prepares DNA for replication. • S phase...
Solution: The difference between karyokinesis and cytokinesis is- CytokinesisKaryokinesisDuring the M phase of the cell cycle, the cytoplasm divides into two cells.The M phase of the cell cycle...
Solution: A mammalian cell's average cell cycle lasts 24 hours.
Solution: The change in the turgidity of the guard cells is one of the factors that causes the stomata to open and close. The stomatal hole opens when guard cells become turgid, causing their thin...
Solution: When water is absorbed by roots through the xylem, it only travels upward. As a result, water transport is one-way. The phloem tissue transports the food. Food is created in the leaves and...
Solution: Endodermal cells have thickened radial walls as a result of lignin and suberin deposition. This blocks water and mineral apoplastic movement, enabling only symplastic mineral transport in...
Solution: The following are the factors that cause xylem sap to rise in plants: Mutual attraction between water molecules is referred to as cohesion. Water molecules are drawn to the polar surface...
Solution: The cohesion-tension model of water transport, which is formed by the loss of water or the process of transpiration from the pores of stomata of leaves, helps water rise in tall trees. The...
Solution: Root pressure is developed in plant roots due to active nutrient absorption from the soil. Water (together with minerals) increases the pressure in the xylem when nutrients are actively...
Solution: Mycorrhizal hyphae have a huge surface area, which aids in the absorption of water and minerals. As a result, plants' relationship with Mycorrhiza aids in the absorption of water and...
Solution: When pure water or a solution is subjected to a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, its water potential increases.
Solution: The tendency of water to migrate from one location to another due to osmosis, gravity, and mechanical pressure is known as water potential. In other words, it is the difference between the...
Solution: The diffusion between all the following sets are- a) Diffusion and Osmosis DiffusionOsmosisIt is a form of passive transport in which a chemical moves from an area of higher concentration...