Answer: Option i) Sodium carbonate is synthesised by Solvary ammonia soda process.
![\[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}} \left( I \right)\text{ }=\text{ }U\theta \\ ~ \\ \left( ii \right)\text{ }>\text{ }U\theta \\ ~ \\ \left( iii \right)\text{ }<\text{ }U\theta \\ ~ \\ \left( iv \right)\text{ }=\text{ }0 \\ \end{array}\]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-253e16b0c605d0c940895437070f698c_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
Solution: Since \[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}} H\theta \text{ }=\text{ }U\theta \text{ }+\text{ }ngRT\text{ }and\text{ }U\theta \text{ }=\text{ }\text{ }X\text{ }kJ\text{ }mol1\text{ }, \\ ~ \\ H\theta...
Answer: Option ii) Lattice and hydration enthalpies encourage the dissolving of alkali metal halides in water. Fluorides are soluble in this order: LiF, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF. The high lattice energy of...
Answer: option iii) Increasing the size of the atoms in a group results in a decrease in ionization enthalpy. As a result, the following is the ranking: Li > Na > K > Rb.
Solution: (I) Sodium responds to shape NaOH and H2 gas when it is dropped in water. The response happens as displayed beneath: \[2Na\left( s \right)\text{ }+\text{ }2H2O\left( l \right)\text{...
Answer: Option i) As the ionisation enthalpy increases from Mg to Ba, the M – O bond weakens and weakens down the group, and as a result, basicity increases down the group as a function of time. As...
Answer: Option i) Because of the smaller cation and larger anion sizes (smaller cation stabilises smaller anion through crystal lattice energy), Beryllium Carbonate can only be preserved in CO2...
Answer: Option iv) The thermal stability of metal carbonates rises as the metal's electropositive character or basicity increases from Be(OH)2 to Ba(OH)2. The most stable is BaCO3.
Solution: \[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}} ~ \\ \left( a \right)\text{ }2Na2O2\left( s \right)\text{ }+\text{ }2H2O\left( l \right)\text{ }\to \text{ }4NaOH\left( aq \right)\text{ }+\text{ }O2\left( aq...
Answer: option iii) Li's hydration enthalpy is likewise high (highly exothermic). Li atom has the highest hydration enthalpy, making it the strongest reducing agent in aqueous media. - Li atom's...
Solution: (iii) When chloride is added to slaked lime, it gives blanching powder. \[Ca\left( OH \right)2\text{ }+\text{ }Cl2\text{ }CaOCl2\text{ }+\text{ }H2O\] Blanching powder (iv)...
Solution: (a) Sodium can be extricated from sodium chloride by Downs measure. This interaction includes the electrolysis of intertwined NaCl (40%) and CaCl2 (60 %) at a temperature of 1123 K in...
Answer: Option (i) is correct. Beryllium carbonate is stable and decomposes to give beryllium oxide and carbon dioxide. The concentration of carbon dioxide grows in the right side, causing the...
Column I(i) CaCO3 (ii) Ca(OH)2 (iii) Cao (iv) CaSO4 Column II(a) Dentistry, ornamental work (b) Manufacture of sodium carbonate from caustic soda (c) Manufacture of high-quality paper (d) Used in...
Solution: (I) Solubility: Soluble base metal nitrates, carbonates and sulfates have water solvency. At the point when you drop down the gathering of soluble base metals, you will see that the...
Solution: We realize that the Solvay interaction is utilized in the readiness of sodium carbonate. This interaction is financially savvy contrasted with different cycles of arrangement of Sodium...
Answer: i) Carbonate thermal stability rises with cationic size. The more stable an alkaline earth metal's oxide, the less stable its carbonate. As BeO is stable, BeCO3 is not. (ii) Alkali metals...
Solution: Likenesses among lithium and magnesium: (I) lithium and magnesium respond delayed with cold water. (ii) oxides of lithium and magnesium are less dissolvable in H2O. additionally the...
Answer: Beryllium is from Group 2. Unlike the other chemicals, beryllium oxide is amphoteric. Group 2 sulfates are water-soluble, as is $BeSO_4$.
Answer: i) In terms of weight and hardness, lithium and magnesium are both significantly lighter and tougher than the other metals in their respective families. (ii) Both LiCl and MgCl2 halides are...
(ii) 
Answer: (i) Peroxide ions react with water and form $H _{2} O _{2}$. $O _{2}^{2-}+2 H _{2} O \longrightarrow 2 OH ^{-}+ H _{2} O _{2}$ (ii) Superoxides react with water and form $H _{2} O _{2}$...
Solution:
Answer: The reactivity of alkali metals towards oxygen rises with atomic size. So Li only produces LiO2 (Li2O). Sodium forms mostly sodium peroxide and a little sodium oxide, while potassium forms...
Answer: Lithium has the largest negative E value of any element, measuring –3.04V. Lithium has tiny atomic size and the highest ionization enthalpy of all the elements, although this is offset by...
Solution: we know that,
Solution: The condition of state is given by, \[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}} pV\text{ }=\text{ }nRT\text{ }\ldots \text{ }..\left( 1 \right) \\ ~ \\ Where,\text{ }p\text{ }=\text{...
Solution: Let the linear and angular acceleration be $a$ and $\alpha$ respectively. So, $F – f = Ma$ Where, M = mass of the disc f = force of friction applied at the centre Torque to disc,...
a) $\mathrm{c}^{2}=\mathrm{ab}$ as $\mathrm{l}=\mathrm{mr}^{2}$ $\frac{I_{x R}}{I_{x S}}=\frac{m \frac{b}{2}^{2}}{m \frac{c}{2}^{2}}=\frac{b^{2}}{c^{2}}$ Because $c>b$ we can say, $c^{2}>b^ 2$...
a) We know, $v_{1} = \omega R$ $v_{2}=\omega^{2}R$ The direction of $v_{1}$ and $v_{2}$ are tangentially upwards in the figure, and they meet at point C. As a result, $f_{12}=-f_{21}$ represents the...
about a horizontal axis. It is placed on a horizontal table. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 
.a) The linear velocity of the revolving disc changes as it is brought into contact with the table. b) Frictional force is responsible. The figure depicts it:
and 
about their respective axes and rotating with angular speed 
and 
are brought into contact face to face with their axes of rotation coincident.a) Final kinetic energy = rotational + translation energy $K_{f}=KE_{R}+KE_{T}$ $\Delta \mathrm{K}=-I_{1} l_{2} / 2\left(I_{1}+l_{2}\right)\left(\omega_{1}-\omega_{2}\right) 2<0$ b) Because...
Solution: Let the mass of the half-disc be M Area of the half-disc will be $\frac{\pi R^{2}}{2}$ Mass per unit area will be $\frac{2M}{\pi R^{2}}$ a) when the disc is half, the centre of mass is (0,...
Solution: The door's axis is in the y-axis, and it is in the x-y plane. As the force is applied in the z-axis, the door rotates in both the positive and negative directions. Gravity is acting on the...
The torques' vector total equals zero. However, the net force is not zero. The following is the mathematical explanation: $G_{i} \sum_{i=1}^{n} F_{t} \neq 0$ $\tau=\tau_{1}+\tau_{2}+\ldots...
Match the following $\begin{array}{|l|l|} \hline \text { a) } \mathrm{h}=\mathbf{R} / 2 & \text { i) sphere rolls without slipping with a constant velocity and no loss of energy } \\ \hline...
We discover that the slope of the $\theta - t $ graph is positive, indicating anticlockwise rotation by convention. As $\theta$ is positive and we also know $\omega = \frac{d\theta}{dt}$ and $tan...
The geometric centre of gravity is the geometric centre, but the mass of the place where the complete mass of the body is considered is the mass of the centre of mass. When an object's vertical...
When net external torque on a system of particles about an axis is zero, torque is the cross prodeuct of $\vec r$ and $\vec F = rFsin\theta \times torque=0$ where, $\theta$ is the amgle between the...
and 
are their respective positions vectors drawn from point A which is in the plane of the parallel lines. Choose the correct options:
of particle 1 is about A is 
of particle 2 about A is 
Solution: Correct answers is: d) total angular momentum of the system about A is $l = mv(d_{2}-d_{1})$ Angular momentum of particle 1 about A is given as, $\vec L_1=mvd_1$ Angular momentum of...
solution: Electron-lacking mixtures are substance compounds with inadequate octets that will in general get at least 1 electrons to finish their octet setups. BCl3 BCl3 is a genuine illustration of...
Solution: Thallium and boron have a place with bunch 13 of the intermittent table and +1 oxidation state turns out to be more steady as we drop down the gathering. Boron is more steady than thallium...
Solution: (d) BaCO3 Warm dependability is straightforwardly corresponding to the size of the cation i.e., bigger the size of the iota, more prominent is its warm security. The greatest cation among...
Solution: (a) Li Li is fit for shaping hydrated salts in light of its size. Since it is more modest in size, it has a higher charge thickness and can undoubtedly draw in water atoms around it and...
Solution: (d) Cs Cs has the most un-liquefying point of the given salt metals since it has the biggest size. Because of a bigger size, the limiting capacity of Cs is restricted and the grid energy...
Solution: (I) The measures of Be2+ and O2-are little and are profoundly viable with one another. Because of this, a high measure of cross section energy is delivered during its arrangement. The...
Solution: (a) Sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide are the finished results when Na2CO3 is hydrolyzed. Since, the item are basic in nature, an answer of Na2CO3 is viewed as basic in nature. (b)...
![\[E0\text{ }for\text{ }M2+\left( aq \right)\text{ }+\text{ }2e\to \text{ }M\left( s \right)\text{ }\left( where\text{ }M\text{ }=\text{ }Ca,\text{ }Sr\text{ }or\text{ }Ba \right)\]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-30816136accb3333fde729011cce90bd_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
Solution: (a) The ionic and nuclear sizes of the metals will in general increment while going down the antacid gathering. The expanding request of the ionic sizes of the salt metal particles is as...
Solution: Sodium (Na): They are found in our blood plasma and the interstitial liquids around the cells. They help in (a) Transmission of nerve signals. (b) They direct the progression of water...
Solution: LiF has a more noteworthy ionic person than LiCl which upsets the harmony between hydration energy and cross section energy. This equilibrium is critical for the reasonability of particles...
Solution: Since Lithium has the littlest size among all the soluble base metals, it can without much of a stretch enraptured water atoms. Subsequently, more modest the size of the particle, more...
Solution: Employments of concrete: Extension development Putting Most significant fixing in concrete Employments of Plaster of Paris: Used to make projects and shape Used to make careful wraps...
solution: Since the nuclear sizes of magnesium and calcium are more modest than that of sodium and potassium, calcium and magnesium structure carbonates and hydroxides with higher cross section...
solution: BeCl2 has a straight construction and exists as a monomer in the fume state. 2. In the strong stage, BeCl2 is a polymer.
solution: (I) Caustic pop (a) Heavily utilized in cleanser ventures. (b) Common reagent in research centers. (ii) Sodium carbonate (a) Finds utilizes in both cleanser and glass ventures. (b) Also...
Solution: The electropositive person increments while dropping down in the gathering of soluble base metal which brings about an increment in solidness of antacid carbonates. For the most part,...
Solution: Solvay measure isn't pertinent for the arrangement of potassium carbonate since potassium carbonate is dissolvable in water and it doesn't hasten out like sodium bicarbonate.
solution: The valence electrons get eager to a higher energy level when a basic earth metal is warmed. It transmits energy which has a place with the apparent locale when this invigorated electron...
solution: At the point when the soluble base metal is broken up in fluid alkali, a dark blue shaded arrangement is framed. \[M+\left( x+y \right)NH3\to M\left( NH3 \right)x+e-{}^\text{1}\text{...
Correct answer is a) 2ω
Solution: Lithium, potassium, and cesium, are all antacid metals. Yet at the same time, potassium and cesium are utilized in photoelectric cell and not Lithium since Li is more modest in size when...
where a and b are constant and 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. The centre of mass of the rod will be at
Correct answer is a) $\frac{3(2+b)}{4(3+b)}$ Considering a differential part of the rod at a distance of $x$, we have, $\begin{array}{l} l=\frac{d m}{d x}=a\left(1+b x^{2}\right) \Rightarrow d...
Correct answer is c) III
Correct answer is d) the angular acceleration is non-zero and remains same.
Solution: Correct answer is b) $2 m v a \hat{e}_{x}$
Solution: Correct answer is c) C
Solution: By utilizing a more grounded lessening specialist, the oxides of metals get diminished by the cycle called synthetic decrease. Basic earth metals and soluble base metals are solid among...
Solution: Alkaline earth metals Solubility of hydroxide: They are less soluble compared to alkali metals as it has high lattice energy and is having higher charge densities...
solution: On dropping down the gathering in the antacid metals, the size of the molecule increments and the impact of the atomic charge gets diminished. Because of these elements, the electron of...
Solution: Leave the oxidation territory of Na alone y. In the event of peroxides, the oxidation condition of oxygen is - 1. Subsequently, \[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}} ~ \\ 2\left( y...
Solution: Sodium, cesium, lithium, francium, potassium, rubidium all together include the salt metals. They comprise of just a single electron on its valence shell, which gets free effectively...
Solution: General attributes: (I) (Noble gas) ns2 is the electronic design of basic earth metal. (ii) To possess the closest inactive gas setup, these metals lose two of their...
Solution: Actual properties: (1) The soluble base metal is delicate thus we can cut them without any problem. We can ready to cut the sodium metal even by utilizing the blade. (2)...
solution: (ii) Zero
![\[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}} \left( I \right)\text{ }T\text{ }=\text{ }0 \\ ~\left( ii \right)\text{ }p\text{ }=\text{ }0 \\ \left( iii \right)\text{ }q\text{ }=\text{ }0 \\ ~\left( iv \right)\text{ }w\text{ }=\text{ }0 \\ \end{array}\]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-68d24071d9398f3df1fc5ee9b1897869_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
solution: \[\left( iii \right)\text{ }q\text{ }=\text{ }0\] Reason: For an adiabatic interaction heat move is zero, for example \[q\text{ }=\text{ }0.\]
(ii) An amount which is autonomous of way. solution: Capacities like strain, volume and temperature relies upon the condition of the framework just and not on the way.
solution: The actual meaning of 'a': The greatness of intermolecular appealing powers inside gas is addressed by 'a'. The actual meaning of 'b': The volume of a gas atom is addressed by...
solution: In the event that the basic temperature of a gas is higher, it is simpler to condense. That is the intermolecular powers of fascination among the atoms of gas are straightforwardly...
solution: Charles saw that the volume of certain measure of a gas changes by VO /273.15 for every degree rise or fall in temperature.VO being the volume at 0°C.The volume at any temperature t°C...
solution: The SI unit for pressure, p is Nm–2 . The SI unit for volume, V is m3. The SI unit for temperature, T is K. The SI unit for the quantity of moles, n is mol. Subsequently, the SI unit for...
solution: Let the heaviness of dihydrogen be 20 g. Let the heaviness of dioxygen be 80 g. No. of moles of dihydrogen (nH2), \[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}} ~ \\ =\text{ }20/2 \\ ~ \\...
![\[R\text{ }=\text{ }0.083\text{ }bar\text{ }dm3\text{ }K1\text{ }mol1.\]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-63d0fbfbaf1b21bdbcb7644d8def9148_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
solution: \[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}} ~ \\ pVM\text{ }=\text{ }mRT \\ ~ \\ V=\text{ }mRT/Mp \\ \end{array}\] Here, \[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}} m\text{ }=\text{ }8.8\text{ }g \\ ~ \\ R\text{...
![\[~\left( Thickness\text{ }of\text{ }air\text{ }=\text{ }1.2\text{ }kg\text{ }m3\text{ }and\text{ }R\text{ }=\text{ }0.083\text{ }bar\text{ }dm3\text{ }K1\text{ }mol1 \right)\]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-106263d412dec0c1dbf32f23a40c938c_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
solution: Given: \[r\text{ }=\text{ }10\text{ }m\] Accordingly, volume of the inflatable \[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}} =4/3\text{ }\pi r{}^\text{3} \\ ~ \\ =4/3\text{ }\times...
![\[R\text{ }=\text{ }0.083\text{ }bar\text{ }dm3\text{ }K1\text{ }mol1\]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-48f6d7112751bbb16471c7a7ca51ec8d_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
solution : Given: \[Mass\text{ }of\text{ }O2\text{ }=\text{ }8\text{ }g\]
solution: \[Avogadro\text{ }number\text{ }=\text{ }6.02\text{ }\times \text{ }1023\]Thus, time required
solution: \[Molar\text{ }mass\text{ }of\text{ }dinitrogen\text{ }\left( N2 \right)\text{ }=\text{ }28\text{ }g\text{ }mol-1\] Subsequently, 1.4 g of N2 \[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}} 1.4/2.8 \\ ~ \\...
![\[\left( R\text{ }=\text{ }0.083\text{ }bar\text{ }dm3\text{ }K1\text{ }mol1 \right).\]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-0eea6131e45ed685db113cdc3bf5955a_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
Solution: Given, \[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}} Measure\text{ }of\text{ }the\text{ }gas\text{ },n~=\text{ }4.0\text{ }mol \\ ~ \\ Volume\text{ }of\text{ }the\text{ }gas~,V~=\text{ }5\text{ }dm3 ...
solution: Leave the volume of the round lined cup alone V. Then, at that point, the volume of air inside the cup at 27° C is V. Presently, \[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}} ~ \\ V1\text{...
solution: Given, \[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}} p\text{ }=\text{ }0.1\text{ }bar \\ ~ \\ V\text{ }=\text{ }34.05\text{ }mL\text{ }=\text{ }34.05\text{ }\times \text{ }103\text{ }L\text{ }=\text{...
Solution: For an optimal gas \[Thickness\text{ }\rho \text{ }=\text{ }p\text{ }x\text{ }M/RT\] From the given information, \[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}} 5.46\text{ }=\text{ }2\text{...
Solution: From the situation \[Pv\text{ }=\text{ }n\text{ }RT\] for the two gases. We can compose \[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}} 0.8\text{ }x\text{ }0.5\text{ }=\text{ }nH2~x\text{ }RT~\text{...
a) Because oleic acid does not dissolve in water, it is dissolved in alcohol. b) When oleic acid is introduced, lycopodium powder clears the circular area. This makes it possible to measure the area...
Kepler's third law states that, $T^{2} \propto a^{3}$ i.e., square of time period $\left(T^{2}\right)$ of a satellite revolving around a planet, is proportional to the cube of the radius of the...
solution: Aluminum responds with scathing soft drink as per the response The response of aluminum with scathing soft drink can be addressed as: \[2Al\text{ }+\text{ }2NaOH\text{...
Solution: \[\begin{array}{*{35}{l}} Mass\text{ }of\text{ }gas\text{ }A\text{ },\text{ }WA~=\text{ }1g \\ ~ \\ Mass\text{ }of\text{ }gas\text{ }B,~\text{ }WB~=\text{ }2g \\ ~ \\ Tension\text{...
Utilizing the relationship of thickness (ρ) of the substance at temperature (T) We have \[\rho \text{ }=\text{ }Mp/RT\] or on the other hand \[p\text{ }=\text{ }\rho \text{ }RT/M\]...
, E, m, l and G denote energy, mass, angular momentum and gravitational constant, respectively. Show that P is a dimensionless quantity.We have, $P=El^{2}m^{-5}G^{-2}$ E is the energy having dimension $ML^{2}T{-2}$ m is the mass having dimension [M] L is the angular momentum having dimension $[ML^{2}T^{1}]$ G is the gravitational...
As indicated by Boyle's Law \[P1~V1~=\text{ }P2~V2\] Here the temperature is steady. Thusly \[1.2\text{ }X\text{ }120\text{ }=\text{ }P2~X\text{ }180\] Or then again...
Volume of gas\[\left( V1 \right)\text{ }=\text{ }500dm3~~\] (given) Strain of gas \[\left( p1 \right)\text{ }=\text{ }1\text{ }bar\text{ }~~\] (given) Volume of packed gas \[\left( V2...
where P is the pressure difference between the two ends of the pipe and η is coefficient of viscosity of the liquid having dimensional formula 
. Check whether the equation is dimensionally correct.Dimension of the given physical quantity is as follows, [V] = dimension of volume/dimension of time $=[L^{3}]/[T]$ $=[M^{-1}T^{-2}]$ LHS $=[L^{3}T^{-1}]$ RHS $=[L^{3}T^{-1}]$ LHS = RHS Hence, the...
The minimum inaccuracy in the measurement of distance = (1/50)(0/5)mm = 0.01 mm
m. Calculate the order of magnitude of time taken by light to reach us from the galaxy.The distance of the galaxy is given as 1025m Speed of light is known as $3\times 10^{8}m/s$ Time taken is t = distance/speed $=3.33\times 10^{16}s$
Correct option is d) an atomic clock as it measures up to one second.
(a) Because the distance between the moon and the earth is greater than the radius of the earth, it is considered as an arc. Let the length of the arc be $R_{e}$ Distance between the moon and the...
Because physical quantities differ from location to place, we have several units for the same physical quantity.
Correct answers are a) mass of electron b) universal gravitational constant and d) mass of proton
. When expressed in CGS units of 
, it will be equal to:
Correct answer is c) $1.9\times 10^{12}$ Both Dyne and Newton are force units. While Dyne is measured in the C-G-S (Centimeter – Gram – Second) system, Newton is measured in the contemporary SI...
Correct answer is a) (0.25 ± 0.08) m Here, $\mathrm{A}=2.5 \mathrm{~ms}^{-1} \pm 0.5 \mathrm{~ms}^{-1}, \mathrm{~B}=0.10 \mathrm{~s} \pm 0.01 \mathrm{~s}$ $\mathrm{AB}=\left(2.5...
Correct answer is c) Tension and surface tension. Tension has the dimension: $[MLT^-2]$ Surface Tension has the dimension: $[ML^0T^-2]$
Correct answer is a) 164 ± 3 $cm^{2}$ Error in product of quantities: Suppose $x=a \times b$ Let, $\Delta a$ be the absolute error in measurement of a, $\Delta b$ be the absolute error in...
Correct answer is d) 2.74 and 2.74 By convention, we apply the following criteria for rounding off measurements: 1. If the dropped digit is less than 5, the preceding digit remains unaffected. 2. If...
Correct answer is c) 663.8
(i) On heating, they may become crystalline at a certain temperature. (ii) They may become crystalline on keeping for a long time. (iii) Amorphous solids can be moulded by heating. (iv) They are...
(i) Same in all directions (ii) Different in different directions (iii) Cannot be measured (iv) Always zero Correct Answer: (i) Same in all directions Explanation: As the amorphous...
Correct Answer: Option (d) Explanation: These are the factors in which the electron spins are associated with magnetic atoms in certain crystallographic areas and are directed at each other in such...
(i) Graphite (C) (ii) Quartz glass (SiO2) (iii) Chrome alum (iv) Silicon carbide (SiC) Correct Answer: (ii) Quartz glass (SiO2) Explanation: Solids are considered as an amorphous when they...
(i) Definite and characteristic heat of fusion (ii) Isotropic nature (iii) A regular periodically repeated pattern of arrangement of constituent particles in the entire crystal (iv) A true solid...
(i) High temperature (ii) Low temperature (iii) High thermal energy (iv) Weak cohesive forces Correct Answer: (ii) Low temperature Explanation: At the low temperatures, the substances...
(i) At low pressure as the dark blue curve and the sky blue curve are approaching each other, it shows that the real gas is behaving as an ideal gas at a low pressure. (ii) At high pressure as the...
(i) As the temperature is constant, and the pressure is increasing and the change in the volume is seen as exponentially decreasing. (ii) At constant pressure, by increasing the temperature there is...
As the temperature increases, the intermolecular force operating between the particles decreases, the bond strength increases and also the kinetic energy increases. Hence, as the temperature...
Water has hydrogen bonding that exists as intermolecular force of attraction, hexane has Vander Waal force of attraction existing as intermolecular force of attraction, glycerin also has hydrogen...
, in a horizontal plane without friction or damping. It is pulled to a distance 
and pushed towards the centre with a velocity 
at time 
Determine the amplitude of the resulting oscillations in terms of the parameters 
and 
[Hint: Start with the equation 
and note that the initial velocity is negative.]The angular velocity of the spring be $\omega$ $x=a \cos (\omega t+\theta)$ At $t=0, x=x_{0}$ On Substituting these values in the above equation we get, $\mathrm{x}_{0}=\mathrm{A} \cos \theta-(1)$...
Bubbles have a round surface due to surface tension. A needle can float in water because of the presence of surface tension on the surface of the water.
and a period of 
. Find the acceleration and velocity of the body when the displacement is 0 
Amplitude is given as $=5 \mathrm{~cm}=0.05 \mathrm{~m}$ Time period is given as $=0.2 \mathrm{~s}$ When the displacement is $y$, then acceleration is given as $A=-\omega^{2} y$ Velocity is given as...
We know that: Pideal = Preal + an2/V2 Pideal – Preal= an2/V2 Nm-2 = a*mol2/m6 A = Nm4mol-2 The unit of ‘a’ when the pressure is taken in Nm-2, number of moles in “mol” and volume in m3 is Nm4mol-2...
and a period of . Find the acceleration and velocity of the body when the displacement is
Amplitude is given as $=5 \mathrm{~cm}=0.05 \mathrm{~m}$ Time period is given as $=0.2 \mathrm{~s}$ When the displacement is $y$, then acceleration is given as $A=-\omega^{2} y$ Velocity is given as...
(i) The increasing order of ‘b’ is as follows: He < H2< O2< CO2. As the Vander Waals constant ‘b’ is approximately equal to the total volume of the molecules of a gas. (ii)The decreasing...
is suspended by a wire attached to its centre. The wire is twisted by rotating the disc and released. The period of torsional oscillations is found to be 
s. The radius of the disc is 
. Determine the torsional spring constant of the wire. (Torsional spring constant 
is defined by the relation 
, where 
is the restoring couple and 
the angle of twist).Mass of the circular disc is given as $10 \mathrm{~kg}$ Period of torsional oscillation is given as $1.5 \mathrm{~s}$ Radius of the disc is given as $15 \mathrm{~cm}=0.15 \mathrm{~m}$ Restoring...
. Assuming that you are examining the oscillation characteristics of its suspension system. The suspension sags 
when the entire automobile is placed on it. Also, the amplitude of oscillation decreases by 
during one complete oscillation. Estimate the values of (a) the spring constant 
and (b) the damping constant b for the spring and shock absorber system of one wheel, assuming that each wheel supports 
.(a) Mass of the automobile is given as $=3000 \mathrm{~kg}$ The suspension sags by a length of $15 \mathrm{~cm}$ Decrease in amplitude $=50 \%$ during one complete oscillation If each spring's...
Area of cross-section of the U-tube is given as $A$ Density of the mercury column is given as $\rho$ Acceleration due to gravity is given as $g$ Restoring force, F = Weight of the mercury column of...
is suspended in a car. The car is moving on a circular track of radius 
with a uniform speed 
If the pendulum makes small oscillations in a radial direction about its equilibrium position, what will be its time period?The centripetal acceleration supplied by the circular motion of the car, as well as the acceleration due to gravity, will be felt by the bob of the basic pendulum. Acceleration due to gravity is...
and mass 
of the particle: 
. A simple pendulum executes SHM approximately. Why then is the time period of a pendulum independent of the mass of the pendulum?
is greater than 
Think of a qualitative argument to appreciate this result.(a) The spring constant $k$ is proportional to the mass in the case of a simple pendulum. The numerator ($m$) and denominator ($d$) will cancel each other out. As a result, the simple pendulum's...
. What is the time period of a simple pendulum on the surface of moon if its time period on the surface of earth is 
? (g on the surface of earth is 
)Acceleration due to gravity on the surface of moon is given as $g^{\prime}=1.7 \mathrm{~m} \mathrm{~s}^{-2}$ Acceleration due to gravity on the surface of earth is given as $g=9.8 \mathrm{~m}...
. If the piston moves with simple harmonic motion with an angular frequency of 
, what is its maximum speed?Angular frequency of the piston is given as $\omega=200 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{min}$ Stroke is given as$=1.0 \mathrm{~m}$ Amplitude is given as $A=1.0 / 2$ $=0.5 \mathrm{~m}$ The maximum speed...
attached to its free end. A force 
applied at the free end stretches the spring. Figure (b) shows the same spring with both ends free and attached to a mass at either end. Each end of the spring in Fig. (b) is stretched by the same force F.(a) What is the maximum extension of the spring in the two cases? (b) If the mass in Fig. (a) and the two masses in Fig. (b) is released, what is the period of oscillation in each case? Solution:...
position of the particle, the radius of the circle, and the angular speed of the rotating particle. For simplicity, the sense of rotation may be fixed to be anticlockwise in every case: ( 
is in cm and 
is in 
.
(b) 
(a)$x=3 \sin (2 m t+\pi / 4)$ $=-3 \cos (2 \pi t+\pi / 4+\pi / 2)$ $=-3 \cos (2 \pi t+3 \pi / 4)$ $=-3 \cos (2 \pi t+3 \pi / 4)$ On comparing with the standard equation $A \cos (\omega t+\Phi)$, we...
The ozone layer is being depleted. During the summer, nitrogen dioxide and methane interacted with chlorine monoxide and chlorine radicle, respectively, to produce chlorine sinks, avoiding ozone...
Obtain the corresponding simple harmonic motions of the $x$-projection of the radius vector of the revolving particle $P$, in each case. Solution: (a) Time period is given as $t=2 \mathrm{~s}$...
, and the direction from left to right as the positive direction of -axis. Give as a function of time 
for the oscillating mass if at the moment we start the stopwatch (t 
, the mass isSolution: Distance travelled by the mass sideways is given as $a=2.0 \mathrm{~cm}$ Angular frequency of oscillation can be calculated as, $\omega=\sqrt{k} / \mathrm{m}$ $=\sqrt{1200 / 3}$...
is mounted on a horizontal table as shown in Fig. 14.24. A mass of 
is attached to the free end of the spring. The mass is then pulled sideways to a distance of 
and released.Determine<br>(i) the frequency of oscillations, (ii) maximum acceleration of the mass Solution: Spring constant is given as $\mathrm{k}=1200 \mathrm{~N} \mathrm{~m}^{-1}$ Mass is given as...
If the initial (t 
) position of the particle is 
and its initial velocity is 
, what are its amplitude and initial phase angle? The angular frequency of the particle is 
. If instead of the cosine function, we choose the sine function to describe the SHM: 
, what are the amplitude and initial phase of the particle with the above initial conditions. Solution:At positlon, t = 0, The given function is $x(t)=A \cos (\omega t+\phi).....(1)$ $\begin{array}{l} 1=A \cos (\omega \times 0+\phi)=A \cos \phi \\ A \cos \phi=1 \end{array}$ Differentiating equation...
of a particle involve simple harmonic motion?
Condition of SHM is stated below, Acceleration is directly proportional to negative of displacement of particle. If ' $\mathrm{a}$ ' is the acceleration, $\mathrm{x}$ is the displacement Then, for...
apart. Take the direction from 
to 
as the positive direction and give the signs of velocity, acceleration and force on the particle when it is
away from B going towards (a) Negative, Zero, Zero A basic harmonic motion is being performed by the particle. The particle's mean location is denoted by $O$. Its highest velocity is at the mean position $O$. Because the...
apart. Take the direction from to as the positive direction and give the signs of velocity, acceleration and force on the particle when it is,(a) Zero, Positive, Positive Points A and B are the path's two ends, with A-B=10cm and'O' being the path's halfway. Between the end locations, a particle moves in a linear simple harmonic motion....
(a) $3 \cos [4 \pi-2 \omega t]=3 \cos [2 \omega t-\pi / 4]$ The equation can be written in the form $\cos (\omega t+\phi)$. It is S.H.M with the period $2 \pi / 2 \omega=\pi / \omega$ (b) $\cos...
(a) $\sin \omega t-\cos \omega t$ =2[(1/2)sinωt-(1/2)cosωt] =\sqrt{2}[(1 / \sqrt{2}) \sin \omega t-(1 / \sqrt{2}) \cos \omega t] $=\sqrt{2}[\sin \omega t \times \cos (\pi / 4)-\cos...
CO2 gas cannot be liquefied at a temperature which is greater than its critical temperature i.e 30.98°C even by applying any pressure. So as the given temperature is 32°C by applying a pressure of...
(i) Compressibility factor, Z is defined as the ratio of the product of pressure and volume to the product of the number of moles, gas constant and temperature. For an ideal gas, the value of Z is...
plots for linear motion of a particle. Which of the plots represent periodic motion? What is the period of motion (in case of periodic motion)?(a) Because the motion is repeated in only one position, the depicted graph does not illustrate periodic motion. The full motion during one period must be repeated successively for a periodic...
plots for linear motion of a particle. Which of the plots represent periodic motion? What is the period of motion (in case of periodic motion)?(a) Motion is not periodic since it does not repeat itself after a set length of time. (b) The following graph depicts a periodic motion that repeats every 2 seconds.
(a) Simple harmonic motion (b) SHM is not periodic, although general vibrations of a polyatomic molecule about its equilibrium position are. The inherent frequencies of a polyatomic molecule are...
(a) The rotation of a hydrogen molecule around its mass centre is periodic. This is due to the fact that when a hydrogen molecule spins about its centre of mass, it returns to the same location...
for 
of oxygen gas at two different temperatures.(a) What does the dotted plot signify? (b) Which is true: $\mathbf{T}_{1}>\mathbf{T}_{2}$ or $\mathbf{T}_{1}<\mathbf{T}_{2}$ ? Solution: (a) The dotted plot is perpendicular to the x-axis,...
Under a condition of low pressure and high temperature the assumption made by kinetic theory is true. At high temperature, the molecules will be very far from each other and at low pressure, the...
Hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interaction (HF-HF interaction) exists between HF molecule in a liquid state.
Thermal energy arises due to the motion of particles (atoms or molecules) in the body. If we increase the temperature then the kinetic energy of atom and molecule increases significantly and they...
The total pressure of the gas is Pmoist gas = Pdry gas By applying the correction term, we have: Pdry gas = Pmoist gas – Aqueous tension Therefore, the correction term applied to the total pressure...
Hydrogen bonding is stronger in water than in alcohol. So, water has a strong intermolecular attraction than alcohol. The increasing order of surface tension is – Hexane< alcohol< water.
The above statement is true. At a higher temperature the movement of gaseous molecules become faster such that there is no intermolecular attraction. Under this condition, gas behaves like an ideal...
The dimension of the universal gas constant R is energy per degree per mole. In the metre-kilogram-second system, the value of R is 8.3144598 joules per Kelvin per mole. Hence R only depends on the...
The critical temperature is the term used for this phenomenon. Here gas A liquefies means that A is below its critical temperature and gas B does not liquefy on applying high pressure as it is above...
All gases are not ideal gas. This means that they do not follow the above mentioned laws at all conditions of temperature, pressure or volume. Real gas doesn’t obey the gas law at normal temperature...
(a) Since the halides are a polar molecule (due to high electronegativity), due to the presence of permanent dipoles, the dipole-dipole interactions along with the London forces are found in HF, HCl...
(a) CH4 has the least molar mass (16gm), so it would occupy the highest volume for 1gm of the gas as higher the molar mass, the lesser is the volume occupied. (b) Similarly, NO has the highest...
H2O exists in three different states of matter. It exists in the solid form as ice, in the liquid form as water and as steam in the gaseous state. All of these states consist of water, due to which...
The correct option is (ii) and (iv).
The correct options are (ii) and (iii).
Diameter of an oxygen molecule is given as $d=3 \AA$ Radius will be, $r=d / 2$ $r=3 / 2=1.5 \AA=1.5 \times 10^{-8} \mathrm{~cm}$ Actual volume occupied by 1 mole of oxygen gas at STP is given as...
Option (ii) and (iii) are the correct statements.
in still air.
(ii) runs away from him at 
.![\mathbf{3 4 0 \mathrm { m } / \mathrm { s } \text { ] }}](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-f3e8ca26b9dfd0f318b50c1ded0b4984_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
Frequency of the horn is given as $\mathrm{v}_{\mathrm{H}}=200 \mathrm{~Hz}$ Velocity of the man is given as $\mathrm{v}_{\mathrm{T}}=20 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ Velocity of sound is given as...
, and that of the 
wave is 
. A seismograph records and 
waves from an earthquake. The first P wave arrives 4 min before the first 
wave. Assuming the waves travel in a straight line, at what distance does the earthquake occur?Let $S$ and $P$ have speeds of $v_{1}$ and $v_{2}$, respectively. The $S$ and $P$ waves take $t_{1}$ and $t_{2}$ seconds to reach the position of the seismograph, respectively. $I=v_{1} t_{1}=v_{2}...
kHz. An enemy submarine moves towards the SONAR with a speed of 
. What is the frequency of sound reflected by the submarine? Take the speed of sound in water to be 
.Frequency of the SONAR system is given as $\mathrm{f}=40 \mathrm{kHz}=40 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{~Hz}$ Speed of sound in water is given as $v=1450 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ Speed of the enemy...
is connected to an electrically driven tuning fork of frequency 
. The other end passes over a pulley and is tied to a pan containing a mass of 
. The pulley end absorbs all the incoming energy so that reflected waves at this end have negligible amplitude. At 
, the left end (fork end) of the string has zero transverse displacement 
and is moving along positive 
-direction. The amplitude of the wave is 
. Write down the transverse displacement y as a function of and that describes the wave on the string.Linear mass density of the string is given as $\mu=8.0 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{~kg} \mathrm{~m}^{-1}$ Frequency of the tuning fork is given as $=256 \mathrm{~Hz}$ Mass on the pan is given as $90...
, and 
? Is this velocity equal to the velocity of wave propagation? point at 
and 
(a) The travelling harmonic wave is given by, $y(x, t)=7.5 \sin (0.0050 x+12 t+\pi / 4)$ At $x=1 \mathrm{~cm}$ and $\mathrm{t}=1 \mathrm{~s}$ $y(1,1)=7.5 \sin (0.0050(1)+12(1)+\pi / 4)$ $=7.5 \sin...
in still air. (i) What is the frequency of the whistle for a platform observer when the train (a) approaches the platform with a speed of 
, (b) recedes from the platform with a speed of ? (ii) What is the speed of sound in each case? The speed of sound in still air can be taken as 
.Frequency of the whistle is given as $=400 \mathrm{~Hz}$ Speed of sound in still air is given as $=340 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ (i) (a)Train approaches the platform at a speed given as...
(i) Overtones are produced differently by the guitar and the violin. Even though the notes from a guitar and a violin vibrate at the same frequencies, it is possible to distinguish between them....
(i) An antinode is a place where the pressure is lowest and the vibration amplitude is highest. A node, on the other hand, is a place where pressure is highest and vibration amplitude is lowest....
long tube is closed. Find the harmonic mode of the tube that will be resonantly excited by a source of frequency 
. If both the ends are open, can the same source still produce resonance in the tube? (Sound travels in air at 
).Length of the pipe is given as $I=20 \mathrm{~cm}=0.2 \mathrm{~m}$ Frequency of the source is given as $\mathrm{n}^{\text {th }}$ Normal mode of frequency is given as $\mathrm{v}_{\mathrm{N}}=430...
long pipe with a movable piston at one end and an opening at the other will be in resonance with a tuning fork vibrating at 
, if the length of the pipe is 
or 
. Calculate the speed of sound in air. Neglect the edge effects.Frequency of the turning fork is given as $\mathrm{v}_{\mathrm{F}}=340 \mathrm{~Hz}$ Length of the pipe is given as $l_{1}=0.255 \mathrm{~m}$ Due to the presence of a piston at one end, the supplied...
and 
to describe the displacement (longitudinal or transverse) of an elastic wave. Identify the ones describing ( a ) a stationary wave, ( b ) a travelling wave and ( c) neither of the two:
(i) Because the harmonic terms $\omega t$ and $k x$ exist individually, this equation depicts a stationary wave. (ii) There are no harmonic terms in this equation. As a result, it is neither a...
away from one end?(a) Because both ends of the wire are clamped, the ends act as nodes, and the entire wire vibrates as a single segment. Thus, (i) Except at the wire's ends, where the frequency is 0, all of the...
The correct option is (i) Shimla
The mass of the wire is 
and its length is 
. are in meters and in secs]As we know, The standard equation of a stationary wave is known as, $y(x, t)=2 a \sin k x \cos w t$ Given equation is, $y(x, t)=0.06 \sin \left(\frac{2 \pi}{3} x\right) \cos (120 \pi t)$ It is...
The mass of the wire is and its length is . As we know, The standard equation of a stationary wave is known as, $y(x, t)=2 a \sin k x \cos w t$ Given equation is, $y(x, t)=0.06 \sin \left(\frac{2 \pi}{3} x\right) \cos (120 \pi t)$ It is...
The correct option is (ii) Nsm–2
The correct option is (iv) O2, N2, H2, He.
. What is the phase difference between the oscillatory motion of two points separated by a distance of:
, 
and are in 
and is in secs ![]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-478d84af1027ee3593251b323a3fb181_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
.Equation for a travelling harmonic wave is given as, $\begin{array}{l} y(x, t)=2.0 \cos 2 \pi(10 t-0.0080 x+0.35) \\ =2.0 \cos (20 \pi t-0.016 \pi x+0.70 \pi) \end{array}$ where, Propagation...
The correct option is (i) increases.
. What is the phase difference between the oscillatory motion of two points separated by a distance of:
, and are in and is in secs .Equation for a travelling harmonic wave is given as, $\begin{array}{l} y(x, t)=2.0 \cos 2 \pi(10 t-0.0080 x+0.35) \\ =2.0 \cos (20 \pi t-0.016 \pi x+0.70 \pi) \end{array}$ where, Propagation...
The correct option is (iii) 8×104 Nm–2
The correct option is (iii) less than unit electronic charge.
and 
are in 
and in seconds. Assume the left to right direction as the positive direction of ![\mathrm{x}]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-7eec0f19e3a8a19059d43c95ee5abebd_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
Given function is, $(x, t)=3 \sin (36 t+0.018 x+\pi / 4)$ The smallest distance between two adjacent crests in the wave can be calculated as, $\lambda=2 \pi / \mathrm{k}=2 \mathrm{~m} / 0.018$ $=349...
and are in and in seconds. Assume the left to right direction as the positive direction of Given function is, $(x, t)=3 \sin (36 t+0.018 x+\pi / 4)$ i) Amplitude of the wave is given as $a=3 \mathrm{~cm}$ Frequency of the wave can be calculated as $v=\omega / 2 \pi$ $36 / 2 \pi=5.7...
is used to locate tumours in tissues. If the speed of sound is 
in a certain tissue, calculate the wavelength of sound in this tissue.Speed of sound in the tissue is given as, $v_{T}=2 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{s}=2 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ Operating frequency of the scanner is given as $\mathrm{v}=4.2 \mathrm{MHz}=4.2...
The correct option is (iii) pressure decreases.
represents a wave travelling in one direction, where and must appear in the combination 
or 
or i.e. 
Is the converse true? Can the following functions for y possibly represent a travelling wave: 
![\log \left[(x+v t) / x_{0}\right]](https://www.learnatnoon.com/s/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-99d2bcfc07e0da1a668137fffad738d8_l3.png "Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com")
No, the opposite is not true, because a wave function representing a travelling wave must have a finite value for all $x$ and $t$ values. None of the functions above satisfy the criteria, hence none...
explain why the speed of sound in air increases with humidity.Given values are, $v=\sqrt{\frac{\gamma P}{\rho}}$ $\Rightarrow \mathrm{P}=\frac{\rho R T}{M}$ $\Rightarrow \frac{P}{\rho}=\frac{R T}{M}$ The effective density of the air decreases as humidity...
explain why the speed of sound in airGiven values are, $v=\sqrt{\frac{\gamma P}{\rho}}$ $\Rightarrow \mathrm{P}=\frac{\rho R T}{M}$ $\Rightarrow \frac{P}{\rho}=\frac{R T}{M}$ (a) For a gas at a constant temperature, $\frac{P}{\rho}=...
Solution: Option (i), (ii) and (iii) are the answers. Metallic hydrides are hydrides that are not stoichiometric in nature. They are excellent conductors of heat and electricity. Ionic hydrides...
splashes into the water of a pond near the base of the tower. When is the splash heard at the top given that the speed of sound in air is 
? 
Height of the bridge is given as $s=300 \mathrm{~m}$ Initial velocity of the stone is given as $u=0$ Acceleration is known as $a=g=9.8 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$ Speed of sound in air is given as...