Across a period in the lanthanoid series, there is gradual increase in the atomic number which increases by one. With the increase in atomic number, the number of protons and electrons present in...
The name of the oxometal anions are as follows: (i) Chromate, CrO42- Oxidation state of Cr is + 6. (ii) Permanganate, MnO4- Oxidation state of Mn is + 7. (iii) Vanadate, VO3- Oxidation...
Mn exhibits maximum oxidation states from +2 to +7 and it lies in the first half of the transition series. With an increase in atomic number of the elements, the stability of +2 oxidation state...
In the given table, we can find the oxidation numbers of the elements in the first half of the first row of transition elements with increasing atomic number: Here, we can find that except Sc all...
The electronic configuration of Fe2+ and Mn2+ ions are as follows: Fe2+ is [Ar]18 3d6. Mn2+ is [Ar]18 3d5. As it is known the half and completely filled orbitals have more...
(i) Cl CH2 C ≡ C CH2 Br (iv) ( CCl 3) 3 CCl (i) 1 – Bromo – 4 – chlorobut – 2 – yne (ii) 2−(Trichloromethyl)−1,1,1,2,3,3,3−heptachloropropane
(i) CH3 CH(Cl) CH(Br) CH3 (ii) CH F2 CBr ClF Solution: (i) 2−Bromo−3−chlorobutane (ii) 1−Bromo−1−chloro−1, 2, 2−trifluoroethane
(i) CH2Cl2 (ii) CHCl3 (iii) CCl4 Solution: In CHCl3, the resultant of dipole moments of two C – Cl bonds is countered by the resultant of dipole moments of one CH bond and one C – Cl bond, as seen...
(i) 1 – Bromo – 4 – sec – butyl – 2 – methylbenzene (ii) 1 ,4 – Dibromobut – 2 – ene Solution: (i) (ii)
The electronic configuration of the given elements in their respective oxidation states are: (i) Mn2+: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 Or, [Ar]18 3d5 (ii) Th4+:...
The electronic configuration of the given elements in their respective oxidation states are: (i) Co2+: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d7 Or, [Ar]18 3d7 (ii) Lu2+:...
(i) 2 – Bromobutane (ii) 4 – tert – Butyl -3 –iodoheptane Solution: (i) (ii)
The electronic configuration of the given elements in their respective oxidation states are: (i) Cu+: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 Or, [Ar]18 3d10 (ii) Ce+4 :...
(i) 1 -Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane (ii) 2 – (2 -Chlorophenyl) -1 –iodooctane Solution: (i) (ii)
(i) Cr+3 (ii) Pm+3 The electronic configuration of the given elements in their respective oxidation states are: (i) Cr+3 : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 Or, [Ar]18 3d3 (ii)...
(i) 2 -Chloro-3 -methylpentane (ii) p -Bromochlorobenzene Solution: (i) (ii)
(i) m-ClCH2C6H4CH2C(CH3)3 (ii) o-Br-C6H4CH(CH3)CH2CH3 Solution: (i) 1 – Chloromethyl – 3 − ( 2, 2 – dimethylpropyl ) benzene (Primary benzyl halide) (ii) 1 − Bromo − 2 – ( 1 − methylpropyl ) benzene...
(i) CH3C(Cl)(C2H5)CH2CH3 (ii) CH3CH=C(Cl)CH2CH(CH3)2 Solution: (i) 3−Chloro−3–methylpentane (Tertiary alkyl halide) (ii) 3−Chloro−5−methylhex−2−ene (Vinyl halide)
(i) CH3CH(CH3)CH(Br)CH3 (ii) CH3C(C2H5)2CH2Br Solution: (i) 2 − Bromo – 3 – methylbutane (Secondary alkyl halide) (ii) 1 − Bromo − 2 − ethyl − 2 – methylbutane (Primary alkyl...
(i) Cyclopent – 3 – en – 1 – ol (ii) 4-Chloro-3-ethylbutan-1-ol. Solution: (i) (ii)
(i) Cyclohexylmethanol (ii) 3 – Cyclohexylpentan – 3 – ol Solution: (i) (ii)
(i) 1 – Ethoxypropane (ii) 2 – Ethoxy – 3 – methylpentane Solution: (i) structure of 1 – Ethoxypropane : (ii) Structure of 2 – Ethoxy – 3 – methylpentane...
(i) 3 , 5 – Dimethylhexane – 1 , 3 , 5 – triol (ii) 2, 3 – Diethylphenol Solution: (i) (ii)
(i) 2 – Methylbutan – 2 – ol (ii) 1–Phenylpropan–2–ol Solution: (i) (ii)
Solution: The following procedure is involved in the above-mentioned steps of the reaction: Step 1: Protonation Step 2: Forming 2 ° carbonation by eliminating the water molecule Step 3: Rearranging...
(i) (ii) Solution: All the alcohols are formed by the hydration of alkenes in the acidic medium. The addition follows Markownikov’s rule. (i) 1-Methylcyclohexene can be used in the reaction. (ii)...
(i) (ii)
(i) (ii)
Step 1: Protonation of methoxymethane : Step 2: Nucleophilic attack of I – : Step 3: The methanol produced in the previous step is used to combine with another HI molecule, resulting in the...
(i) the alkoxy group activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution and (ii) it directs the incoming substituents to ortho and para positions in the benzene ring. (i) The presence of...
(i) 1-propoxypropane (ii) methoxybenzene (iii) benzyl ethyl ether
The production of ethers with alcohol dehydration is a bimolecular process ( SN 2) that involves an alcohol molecule attacking a protonated alcohol molecule. The alkyl group should be free in the...
The process of dehydration is used to synthesize 1- propoxypropane from propan –1– ol. In the presence of protic acids (such as H2SO4, H3PO4), propan-1-ol dehydrates to yield 1 – propoxypropane....
Dehydration reaction can be used to synthesise 1- propoxypropane from propan –1– ol. In the presence of protic acids (such as H2SO4, H3PO4), propan-1-ol dehydrates to yield 1 –...
Williamson's synthesis is a flexible approach for making symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers. However, careful reactant selection is required for the synthesis of unsymmetrical ethers. Because the...
(i) 2-Methoxy-2-methylpropane (ii) 1-Methoxyethane
(i) 1-Propoxypropane (ii) Ethoxybenzene
1 -Ethoxy-4 -4 – dimethyl cyclohexane Ethoxybenzene
(i) 4-Nitroanisole(ii) 1-Methoxypropane
(i)1-Ethoxy-2-methylpropane(ii) 2-Chlorlo-l-methoxy ethane
Because of the presence of the – OH group in ethanol, intermolecular H – bonding occurs, resulting in molecule interaction. To break these hydrogen bonds, more energy is required. Methoxymethane, on...
Because of the presence of the –OH group in ethanol, intermolecular H–bonding occurs, resulting in molecule interaction. To break these hydrogen bonds, more energy is required. Methoxymethane, on...
Solution: (iii) Semicabarbazone: Semicarbazone is made up of aldehydes and ketones, and it is generated when a ketone or aldehyde reacts with semicarbazide. The reaction type is condensation....
Acetal refers to gemdialkoxy alkanes with two groups of alkoxy at the terminal carbon atom. The alkyl group is...
Cyanohydrins are organic compounds having the formula RR'C(OH)CN, where R and R ‘ are alkyl or aryl groups. Aldehydes and ketones react with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of excess sodium cyanide...
Answer – According to the question statement – Internal resistance of the cell is r = 1.5 V cell Balance point of the cell in open circuit is l = 76.3 cm External resistance is R = 9.5 Ω...
(a) What is the value ε? (b) What purpose does the high resistance of 600 kΩ have? (c) Is the balance point affected by this high resistance (d) Would the method work in the above...
(i) Dehydration of propan-2-ol to propene.(ii) Butan-2-one to butan-2-ol. (i) Concentrated H2SO4 or H3PO4 (ii) catalytic hydrogenation or sodium borohydride (NaBH4) or lithium aluminium hydride...
(i) Bromination of phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol.(ii) Benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid. (i) Bromine water (ii) Acidified potassium permanganate
Solution: Let the infinite network's effective resistance be X. Because it is an endless network, adding three 1 resistance resistors will have no effect on the total resistance. X, in other...
(i) Oxidation of primary alcohol to a carboxylic acid.(ii) Oxidation of primary alcohol to aldehyde. (i) NaBH4 or LiAlH4 to acidified KMnO4 (ii) Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC)
(i) Ethyl magnesium chloride → Propan-1-ol.(ii) Methyl magnesium bromide → 2-Methylpropan-2-ol. (i) When ethyl magnesium chloride reacts with methane, an adduct is formed, resulting in propan–1–ol...
Answer – (a) The total number of resistors is equal to n. Each resistor's resistance is equal to R. (i) When the resistors are connected in series, the maximum effective resistance is...
(i) Propene → Propan-2-ol.(ii) Benzyl chloride → Benzyl alcohol. (i) Propene is converted to propan–2–ol when it is treated with water in the presence of an acid catalyst. (ii) If benzyl chloride is...
The mechanism of acid dehydration of ethanol to yield ethene takes place in the following three steps : Step 1 : Formation of ethyl oxonium by protonation of ethanol : Step 2 : Formation of a...
(i) Williamson ether synthesis.(ii) Unsymmetrical ether. (i) Williamson's ether synthesis is the process of obtaining ethers by treating an alkyl halide with a suitable sodium alkoxide. The sodium...
Solution: (a) greater (b) lower (c) nearly independent of (d) 1022
Answer: (a) The current is assumed to be constant. As a result, it's a constant. The area of cross-section has an inverse relationship with current density, electric field, and drift speed. (b) No,...
(i) Kolbe's reaction: When sodium phenoxide is heated with C02 at 400°C under 4-7 atmospheres and then acidified, the main result is 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid), with a minor amount of...
Answer – According to the question statement, some given properties of aliminium are – Length = l1 Resistance = R Resistivity ,ρAI =ρ1= 2.63×10−8 Ωm Relative density , d1 = 2.7 Area...
What conclusion can you draw from the following observations on a resistor made of alloy manganin? Current AVoltage VCurrent A Voltage...
(i) Dilute HNO3 with phenol.(ii) Treating phenol with chloroform in the presence of aqueous NaOH. (i) (ii)
Answer – According to the question statement, (a) Emf of the secondary cells is ε = 2.0 V N is the number of secondary cells = 6 Then total EMF is given by – E = nε = 6 x 2 E = 12 V r =...
(i) (ii)
Answer – According to the question statement, Surface charge density of the earth is σ = 10−9 cm−2Potential difference between the surface and the top of the atmosphere is V= 400 kVCurrent over...
Answer – It is given that Number density of free electrons in a copper conductor is n = 8.5 x 10 28 m – 3 Assume that the Length of the copper wire is denoted by l and we have l...
Because the – OH group works as an electron-donating group, the electron density in the benzene ring increases. The resonance structure of phenol, as seen below, clearly demonstrates this. As a...
Answer – According to the question statement – Emf of the cell, E 1 = 1.25 V Balance point of potentiometer, given by l 1 = 35 cm In the question, the cell is replaced by another...
An electron-withdrawing group is a nitro – group. The electron density in the O – H bond is reduced by the presence of this group in the ortho position. As a result, it is simpler to give away a...
Answer – According to the question statement – The EMF of storage battery is E = 8.0 V Internal resistance of battery is given by r = 0.5 Ω DC supply voltage is V = 120 V Resistance of the resistor...
The acidic nature of phenol can be proven with the two reactions shown below : (i) Reaction with sodium: Phenol reacts with active metals like sodium to liberate Hydrogen gas. (ii) Reaction with...
B ) Determine the balance point of the bridge above if R and S are interchanged. C ) What happens if the galvanometer and cell are interchanged at the balance point of the bridge? Would the...
(i) 1-phenylethanol from a suitable alkene.(ii) cyclohexylmethanol using an alkyl halide by an SN2 reaction.(iii) pentan-1-ol using a suitable alkyl halide? (i) 1 – phenylethanol can be made by...
Chlorobenzene is mixed with NaOH (at 623 K and 320 atm pressure) to make sodium phenoxide, which is then acidified to produce phenol.
Answer : The current flowing through the network's numerous branches is depicted in the diagram below: Let I 1 denote the current flowing through the outer circuit Let I 2 denote...
In the mechanism of hydration of ethene to create ethanol, three steps are involved. These are the actions to take: Step 1: Electrophilic action of H3O+ protonates ethene to create carbocation:...
Answer – According to the question; Supply voltage, V = 230 V initial current drawn is given by I 1 = 3.2 A Let the initial resistance be given by R 1, which can be determined...
Cumene is first oxidized in the presence of air to produce cumene hydroperoxide, which is then used to make phenol. The cumene hydroxide was then treated with dilute acid to produce phenol and...
Answer – According to the question – Temperature T 1 = 27.5 ° C Resistance R 1 is given as, R 1 = 2.1 Ω ( at T 1 ) Also, Temperature T 2 = 100...
o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol both have intramolecular H–bonding. Because intermolecular bonding exists in p–nitrophenol, the molecules are tightly bound together. As a result, o – nitrophenol is...
Answer – We are given that, Length of the wire, L = 15 m Area of cross – section is given by a = 6.0 x 10 – 7 m 2 Let the resistance of the wire material be, R = 5.0 Ω The...
Answer – We are given that, Room temperature, T = 27 ° C Resistance of heating element , R = 100 Ω Let the increased temperature of the filament be given by T 1 At T 1, the...
b) If the combination is connected to a battery of emf 20 V and negligible internal resistance, determine the current through each resistor, and the total current drawn from the battery. Answer – A...
The hydroboration–oxidation reaction is one in which borane is used to initiate the oxidation process. Propan–1–ol, for example, is made by subjecting propene to a hydroboration – oxidation...
b) If the combination is connected to a battery of emf 12 V and negligible internal resistance, obtain the potential drop across each resistor. Answer – a) According to the question, resistors...
Due to the presence of the –OH group, alcohols form H – bonds with water. As a result, alcohols are comparatively more soluble in water than hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses.
Answer – We are given: The EMF of the battery as E = 10 V The internal resistance of the battery as R = 3 Ω The current in the circuit as I = 0.5 A Let the resistance of the resistor...
Propanol undergoes intermolecular H-bonding due to the presence of the – OH group. Butane, on the other hand, does not have the same advantages. In order to dissolve the intermolecular hydrogen...
Answer – We are given, The EMF of the battery, E = 12 V The internal resistance of the batter, R = 0.4 Ω The amount of maximum current drawn from the battery = I We know that, according to...
(a) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH Pentan – 1 – ol (1 °) (ii) Primary alcohol: Pentan – 1 – ol ; 2 – Methylbutan – 1 – ol ; 3 – Methylbutan – 1 – ol ; 2, 2 – Dimethylpropan – 1 – ol Secondary alcohol:...
(i) 1 – Phenoxyheptane (ii) 2 – Ethoxybutane
(i) 1 – Methoxy – 2 – methyl propane (ii) Ethoxy benzene
(i) 2, 5 – Dimethylphenol (ii) 2, 6 – Dimethylphenol
(i) 2-Methylphenol (ii) 4 – Methyl phenol
(i) Butane – 2, 3 – diol (ii) Propane – 1, 2, 3 – triol
Solutions: (i) 2, 2, 4 -Trimethylpentan – 3 – ol (ii) 5 – Ethylheptane – 2, 4 – diol
(i) tert-Butyl bromide to isobutyl bromide (ii) Aniline to phenylisocyanide Solutions: (i) (ii)
(i) Chloroethane to butane (ii) Benzene to diphenyl Solutions: (i) (ii)
(i) Chlorobenzene to p-nitrophenol (ii) 2-Bromopropane to 1-bromopropane Solutions: (i) (ii)
(i) 2-Chloropropane to 1-propanol (ii) Isopropyl alcohol to iodoform Solution: (i) (ii)
(i) Ethyl chloride to propanoic acid (ii) But-1-ene to n-butyliodide Solution: (i) (ii)
(i) 2-Chlorobutane to 3, 4-dimethylhexane (ii) 2-Methyl-1-propene to 2-chloro-2-methylpropane Solution: (i) (ii)
(i) Ethanol to propanenitrile (ii) Aniline to chlorobenzene Solution: (i) (ii)
(i) Benzene to 4-bromonitrobenzene (ii) Benzyl alcohol to 2-phenylethanoic acid Solution: (i) (ii)
(i) 1-Bromopropane to 2-bromopropane (ii) Toluene to benzyl alcohol Solution: (i) (ii)
(i) Propene to propan-1-ol (ii) Ethanol to but-1-yne Solution: (i) (ii) OR
After 13500C, the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of Al2O3 from Al is lower than that of MgO from Mg. As a result, Al can be expected to be able to reduce MgO at temperatures above 13500C.
Vapour phase refining : It is a process of metal refining in which the metal is converted into a volatile compound, which is then decomposed to obtain the pure metal.(1) To accomplish this, the...
It is the process of employing electricity to refine impure metals. The anode is impure metal, and the cathode is a thin sheet of pure metal in this process. The electrolyte is a metal-specific salt...
The premise behind this approach is that contaminants are more soluble in molten metal than in solid metal. A rotating circular heater slowly glides over an impure metal rod or bar in zone refining....
The anode in aluminium electrometallurgy is graphite, and the cathode iron is graphite lined. Electrolysis liberates O2, which combines with the graphite anode to produce CO2 and CO. If it hadn't...
Chlorine is obtained as a byproduct of the Down process. A fused mixture of CaCl2 and NaCl is electrolyzed at 873 K in this method. At the cathode, sodium is obtained, while Cl2 is released at the...
Ans: The graph of Gibbs energy ∆Gθ versus Temperature for the formation of solid oxides is shown above. This graph shows that if the ∆fGθ of a metal's oxide is more negative than the ∆fGθ of another...
At roughly 1673 K, ZnO is converted to Zn. The Gibbs free energy of formation of CO from C is smaller than the Gibbs free energy of formation of ZnO after 1073 K, and the Gibbs free energy of...
Cr2O3 has a higher value of formation ( −540 kJ mol−1 ) than Al2O3 ( −827 kJ /mol ). Therefore, Al can reduce Cr2O3 to Cr. 2Al + (3/2)O2 ⇒ Al2O3 2Cr + (3/2)O2 ⇒ Cr2O3 Subtracting, 2Al +...
CO will not be able to reduce ZnO to Zn because the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of CO to CO2 is larger than that of Zn to ZnO. As a result, CO-assisted zinc oxide reduction is not...
When working with low-grade copper ores, bacteria or acids are utilised to leach the copper in the presence of air. Copper is introduced to the solution as Cu2+ ions in this method: Cu + 2H+ + ½...
The basic functions of Na3AlF6 (Cryolite) are as follows: 1. Due to the presence of cryolite, the melting point of the solution drops from 2323 K to 1140 K. 2. Cryolite makes alumina a good...
Cu2S and FeS are present in copper matte. When a hot blast of air passes through a molten matte in a silica coated converter, the matte's FeS oxidises to FeO. FeSiO3 (slag) is formed when FeO...
Minerals are substances that contain metals or metal compounds and are found in nature. Ores are rocks and minerals that can be mined for metals in a cost-effective and convenient manner. For...
The iron obtained from a blast furnace is known as pig iron. It is 4 percent carbon and contains minor levels of additional impurities such as Si, P, S, and Mn.Cast iron is created by using a hot...
Calcination is the process of converting carbonate and hydroxide ores to oxides by heating them to temperatures below their melting points while avoiding or limiting the presence of air.This...
The following steps are used to separate alumina from silica in bauxite ore that contains silica:To begin, the powdered ore is digested in a concentrated NaOH solution at 473 523 K and 35 36 bar...
Mond's procedure is a nickel refinement technology. Heat is applied to nickel in the presence of carbon monoxide in this process, resulting in nickel tetracarbonyl, a volatile complex. Ni + 4CO ⇒...
The stationary phase is chosen so that the constituents of the mixture have varying degrees of solubility in it. As a result, distinct elements move at different speeds through the phase, allowing...
Chromatography is a term that refers to a group of scientific procedures that are used to purify, separate, characterise, and identify the species in a mixture, whether coloured or colourless. The...
During roasting, copper pyrites are transformed to a combination of Cu2O and FeO. During the smelting process, acidic silica is introduced to separate the FeO from the mixture. FeSiO3 (slag) is...
The various steps involved in zinc extraction are : (1) Concentration of oreZinc blende is crushed first to eliminate impurities from the ore, and then froth flotation is used to concentrate the...
At 500 – 800 K3Fe2O3 +CO → 2Fe3O4 + CO2Fe2O3 +CO → 2FeO + CO2 At 850 KFe3O4 +CO → 3FeO + CO2 At 900 – 1500 KFeO +CO → Fe + CO2CO2 + C → 2CO Above 1570 KC+ O2 → CO2FeO +C → Fe + COCaCO3(s) → CaO(s) +...
During the electrolytic refinement of copper, frequent components found in the anode mud include selenium, silver, tellurium, platinum, antimony, and gold.These metals are almost unaffected by the...
CO is a more effective reducing agent at 673 K because the value of ∆G( C,CO ) is bigger than ∆G( CO,CO2 ), implying that CO is more easily reduced to CO2 than C to CO.
Column chromatography: This is a great way to purify elements that are only present in trace levels. Column chromatography is commonly used to remove impurities that have chemical properties that...
Zone refining: The premise behind this approach is that contaminants are more soluble in molten metal than in solid metal. A rotating circular heater slowly glides over an impure metal rod or bar in...
Copper (I) sulfite has a lower ∆fG (Gibbs free energy of formation) than hydrogen sulfite and carbon disulfite (CS2). As a result, neither C nor H2S will be able to convert Cu2S to Cu.Because...
In froth flotation, the job of a depressant is to separate two sulphide ores by selectively preventing one ore from foaming. For example, to separate two sulphide ores, PbS and ZnS, NaCN is...
Copper's reduction potential is greater than that of zinc or iron. Iron and zinc can thus be employed to remove copper from a solution in hydrometallurgy. Fe(s) + Cu2+(aq) ⇒ Fe2+ (aq) + Cu(s)...
is produced by a helium-neon laser. The power emitted is 
. How fast does a hydrogen atom have to travel in order to have the same momentum as that of the photon?We are provided that the momentum of the hydrogen atom is equal to the momentum of the photon, $\mathrm{P}=1.047 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ Momentum's expression is: $P=m...
is produced by a helium-neon laser. The power emitted is (a) Find the energy and momentum of each photon in the light beamWavelength of a monochromatic light is given as $\lambda=632.8 \mathrm{~nm}=632.8 \times 10^{-9} \mathrm{~m}$ Power emitted by the laser is, $P=9.42 \mathrm{~mW}=9.42 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{~W}$...
Answer- Mean radius of the Rowland ring is given = 15 cm Number of turns = 3500 Relative permeability of the core is given by μr = 800 Magnetizing current is given by I = 1.2 A Magnetic field...
Answer – Energy of the electron beam is given by E = 18 keV Or, E = 18 x 103 eV = 18 x 103 x 1.6 x 10-19 J Magnetic field is given by B = 0.04 G Mass of the electron is given by...
Answer- Magnitude of one of the magnetic field is given by B1 = 1.2 × 10–2 T Suppose that the magnitude of the other field is B2 And the angle between the field is given, θ = 60° We...
Answer: Number of turns is given = 30 Radius of the coil is given = 12 cm Current in the coil is given = 0.35 A Angle of dip, given by δ = 450 (a) Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field...
Answer – First it is important to decide the direction which would best represent the given situation. We are given that BH = B cos δ = 0.39 × cos 35o G Therefore, BH =...
Answer – Current in the wire is given by 2.5 A The earth’s magnetic field at a location is given by R= 0.33 G = 0.33 x 10-4 T Angle of dip is zero is given by δ = 0 Horizontal...
Answer – (a) When a substance is placed in an external magnetic field, the domain aligns in the direction of the magnetic field. The process of alignment consumes some energy. The substance retains...
Answer – (a) At a lower temperature, thermal motion is reduced, and the tendency to disturb the alignment of the dipoles is reduced. (b) The induced dipole moment is always in the opposite direction...
Answer : Magnetic moment of the bar magnet is given by M = 5.25 × 10–2 J T–1 Magnitude of earth’s magnetic field at a place is given by H = 0.42 G = 0.42×10-4 T The magnetic field on the...
Answer – The magnetic field at a distance d1 = 14 cm on the axis of the magnet can be written as – ${{B}_{1}}=\frac{{{\mu }_{0}}2M}{4\pi {{d}_{1}}^{3}}=H$ Where, M is the magnetic moment...
Answer : Earth’s magnetic field at the given place is given by H = 0.36 G The magnetic field at distance d from the axis of the magnet can be calculated using the following formula –...
Magnetic moment of the bar magnet is given by M = 0.48 J T–1 Distance, d = 10 cm = 0.1 m The magnetic field at distance d from the magnet's centre on the axis can be calculated using the following...
Answer – We are given the angle of declination, θ = 12° Angle of dip, given by δ = 60° Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field is given by BH = 0.16 G Earth’s magnetic field at the given...
Answer – Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field is given by BH = 0.35 G Angle made by the needle with the horizontal plane is known as the Angle of dip, given by δ=22° Earth’s magnetic field...
Answer – Number of turns in the circular coil is given by N = 16 Radius of the coil is given by r = 10 cm = 0.1 m Cross-section of the coil, A is given by – $A=\pi {{r}^{2}}=\pi {{(0.1)}^{2}}$...
(a) What is the magnetic moment associated with the solenoid? (b) What is the force and torque on the solenoid if a uniform the horizontal magnetic field of 7.5 × 10–2 T is set up at an angle...
\[B=-{{B}_{0}}k(r\le a;a<R)\] = 0 (otherwise) What is the angular velocity of the wheel after the field is suddenly switched off? Answer – Line charge per unit length is given by the expression –...
(ii) Now, consider that we passed an electric current through the straight wire of 50 A, and the loop is then moved to the right with constant velocity, v = 10 m/s.Find the emf induced in the loop...
Answer – Given, Length of the solenoid is given by l = 30 cm = 0.3 m Area of the solenoid, then becomes A =25 cm2 = 25 × 10−4m2 Number of turns on the solenoid is given by N = 500 Current in...
(i) Determine the polarity and the magnitude of the induced emf if we will keep the K open and the rod will be moved with the speed of 12 cm/s in the direction shown in the figure. (ii) When...
Ans: Given, Coil’s Area is A = 2cm2 = 2×10-4m2 Number of turns on the coil is given by N = 25 Total Charge in the coil is given by Q = 7.5 mC = 7.5×10−3C The combo of coil and galvanometer...
Answer – We have, Side of the Square loop is given by s = 12cm = 0.12m Area of the loop becomes – A = s × s = 0.12 × 0.12 A = 0.0144 m2 Velocity of the loop is given by v = 8 cm-1 =...
Answer – A rectangular loop is given having sides as 8 cm and 2 cm. Therefore, the area of the loop will be will be given by A = L × B A = 8 cm × 2 cm = 16 cm2 A = 16×10−4m2 Value of...
Answer – We have been provided the following data – Speed of the plane with which it is moving is given by v = 1800 km/h = 500 m/s Wing span of the jet is given by l = 25 m Magnetic field...
Ans: Given, Mutual inductance µ = 1.5H Current at initial point is given by I1= 0 A Current at final point is given by I2 = 20 A Therefore, change in current becomes dI = I1- I2 = =...
Ans: Current at initial point is given by I1 = 5.0 A Current at final point is given by I2 = 0.0 A Therefore the change in current is given by dI = I1- I2 = 5 A Total time taken is...
Solution: The number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in an organic compound can thus be expressed as: Therefore, the empirical formula of the compound is C5H10O. Now, the empirical formula...
Solution: The phenoxide ion has the following resonance structures: The resonance structures of the phenoxide ion show that less electronegative carbon atoms carry a negative charge in II, III, and...
Solution: In the presence of an acid, an ester along with water is generated reversibly from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Because the reaction is reversible, if either water or ester is not...
Solution: Only one of the two −NH2 groups, which is connected directly to the carbonyl-carbon atom, undergoes resonance in semicarbazide. As a result, the electron density on the −NH2 group in the...
Solution: (i) According to the equation below, cyclohexanones produce cyanohydrins. There will be no steric hindrance in this situation, allowing the nucleophile CN– to attack with ease. However,...
Solutions:
Solutions:
Solutions:
(a) What is the amount of work required by an external torque to turn the magnet so as to align its magnetic moment: (i) normal to the field direction, (ii) opposite to the field direction? (b) What...
Answer – Magnetic field strength is given by B = 0.25 T Magnetic moment is by M = 0.6 T-1 The angle θ between the direction of the applied field...
What is the maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted?Photoelectric cut-off voltage is given as $\mathbf{V}_{\mathbf{0}}=\mathbf{1 . 5} \mathbf{V}$ The maximum kinetic energy for emitted photoelectrons, $K_{e}=eV$ Where, $e=$ charge on an electron...
(i) (CH3)2CHCH(Cl)CH3 (ii) CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH(C2H5)Cl Solution: (i) 2 − Chloro − 3 – methylbutane (Secondary alkyl halide) (ii) 3 − Chloro − 4 – methyhexane (Secondary alkyl...
When light of frequency 
is incident on the metal surface, photoemission of electrons occurs. What is the maximum speed of the emitted photoelectrons?$\mathbf{v}$ is the maximum speed of photoelectrons emittedThe kinetic energy relation can be written as:$$\mathrm{K}=\frac{1}{2} m v^{2}$$Where,$$\mathrm{m}=\text { mass of electron }=9.1 \times...
When light of frequency is incident on the metal surface, photoemission of electrons occurs. What is the (a) maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons (b) Stopping potentialWork function of caesium is given as $\Phi_{o}=2.14 \mathrm{eV}$ Frequency of light is given as $\mathbf{v}=6.0 \times 10^{14} \mathrm{~Hz}$ (a) The maximum energy (kinetic) by the photoelectric...
Answer – It is given that the number of turns in the solenoid, n = 800 Area of cross section is given by, A = 2.5×10-4 m2 And the current in the solenoid, I = 3.0 A Because a magnetic field develops...
Answer – Moment of the bar magnet is given by M = 0.32 JT–1 External magnetic field, is given by B = 0.15 T The magnetic field is aligned with the bar magnet. This system is said to be in...
Answer – We are given the magnetic field strength, B = 0.25 T Torque on the bar magnet is given by, T = 4.5×10-2J Θ = 30° is the angle between the external magnetic field and the bar...
(a) A vector needs three quantities for its specification. Name the three independent quantities conventionally used to specify the earth’s magnetic field. (b) The angle of dip at a location in...
(a) The earth’s magnetic field varies from point to point in space. Does it also change with time? If so, on what time scale does it change appreciably? (b) The earth’s core is known to...
Answer...
Answer – Maximum emf induced is given = 0.603 V Average emf induced is given by= 0 V Maximum current in the coil = 0.0603 A Power loss (average) is given =...
Answer – Length of the wired loop is given by l = 8 cm = 0.08 m Width of the wired loop is given by b = 2 cm = 0.02 m Since the loop is a rectangle, the area of the wired loop is given by – A = lb =...
Answer – We are given - Number of turns – 15 turns / cm = 1500 turns / m Number of turns per unit length is given by n = 1500 turns The solenoid has a small loop of area which is given by A = 2.0...
Answer – Length of the rod is given = 1m Angular frequency is given by = ω = 400 rad/sec Magnetic field strength is given by B = 0.5 T The rod has zero linear velocity at one end and a linear...
Answer – Lenz’s law predicts the direction of the induced current in a closed loop. When the North pole of a bar magnet is moved towards a closed loop, a current is induced in the loop which flows...
Solutions:
Solutions:
Solution:
Decarboxylation is the process by which carboxylic acids lose carbon dioxide and create hydrocarbons when their sodium salts are heated with soda-lime. Decarboxylation occurs when alkali metal salts...
Cross-aldol condensation occurs when two different aldehydes, two different ketones, or an aldehyde and a ketone react together. If both reactants contain α-hydrogens, four compounds are produced as...
The self-disproportionation (oxidation-reduction) reaction of aldehydes with no alpha hydrogens, when treated with concentrated alkalis, is known as the Cannizzaro reaction. In this reaction, one...
Acetylation is the process of adding an acetyl function group to a chemical molecule. When this process is carried out, bases such as pyridine, dimethylaniline, and others are present. In this...